句子成分和结构.pptx

动词动词代词代词名词名词形容词形容词副词副词介词介词连词连词v.pron.n.adj.adv.prep.conj.查词典学单词，要看懂和记住什么？查词典学单词，要看懂和记住什么？1)掌握单词掌握单词词性词性数词数词冠词冠词num.art.9种种 词性词性2)看例句掌握单词在看例句掌握单词在句中位置句中位置one apple;two little boysan idea;a good idea;the blue sky数词数词/冠词冠词+(形容词形容词)+名词名词主要看数词主要看数词/冠词外的冠词外的7大词性大词性查词典学单词，要看懂什么？查词典学单词，要看懂什么？1)掌握单词掌握单词词性词性动词动词代词代词名词名词形容词形容词副词副词介词介词连词连词v.pron.n.adj.adv.prep.conj.he,I,it等等him,me,it等等主格主格宾格宾格2)看例句掌握单词在看例句掌握单词在句中位置句中位置I like him.He is fond of it.Cn.(pl.指常用复数指常用复数)Un.Many boys leave.He spends much money.The little boy is good at math.Luckily,I often walk quietly.注意固定搭配注意固定搭配vt.vi.(+介词介词+sb./sth.)I see him.I look at him.注意注意8大主要时态大主要时态At night,I listen to songs with Tom who is gifted for music.注意固定搭配注意固定搭配He cried because he was sad and hungry.注意固定搭配注意固定搭配主要看数词主要看数词/冠词外的冠词外的7大词性大词性 1)I see him.2)I look at him.3)I like him.4)He is fond of it.5)Many boys leave.6)He spends much money.7)The little boy is good at math.8)Luckily,I often walk quietly.9)At night,I listen to songs with Tom who is gifted for music.10)He cried because he was sad and hungry.动词动词动词动词存在于几乎所有句型里！存在于几乎所有句型里！存在于几乎所有句型里！存在于几乎所有句型里！以动词为中心展开，找规律！以动词为中心展开，找规律！以动词为中心展开，找规律！以动词为中心展开，找规律！动词在句中的这个位置被称为动词在句中的这个位置被称为动词在句中的这个位置被称为动词在句中的这个位置被称为“_”_”谓语谓语位位位位置置置置被被被被称称称称为为为为谓谓谓谓语语语语前前前前的的的的这这这这个个个个主语主语谓谓谓谓语语语语后后后后的的的的这这这这个个个个位位位位置置置置被被被被称称称称为为为为宾语宾语简单句简单句简单句简单句5 5大结构之一：大结构之一：大结构之一：大结构之一：之二：之二：之二：之二：主语主语+谓语谓语主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语谓语谓语肯定是肯定是动词动词，那，那主语主语通常是什么词性的词通常是什么词性的词/词组？词组？宾语宾语通常是什么词性的词通常是什么词性的词/词组？词组？【注意时态和语态注意时态和语态注意时态和语态注意时态和语态】谓语肯定是动词，那么主语通常是什么词性的词谓语肯定是动词，那么主语通常是什么词性的词谓语肯定是动词，那么主语通常是什么词性的词谓语肯定是动词，那么主语通常是什么词性的词/词组？词组？词组？词组？Some robots can dance.He runs slowly.Eight is a lucky number.Doing sports is healthy.To climb buildings is dangerous.When we will go climbing is under discussion.can danceisisruns iswill go谓语肯定是动词，那么宾语通常是什么词性的词谓语肯定是动词，那么宾语通常是什么词性的词谓语肯定是动词，那么宾语通常是什么词性的词谓语肯定是动词，那么宾语通常是什么词性的词/词组？词组？词组？词组？She plays the piano.He teaches me.One and two equals three.I enjoy running.He wanted to run.I think that he is in the classroom.playsteachesequalsenjoywantedthinkiswe名词名词名词名词代词代词代词代词数词数词数词数词动词动词动词动词inging短语短语短语短语to+to+动词短语动词短语动词短语动词短语连词连词连词连词+句子句子句子句子名词名词名词名词代词代词代词代词数词数词数词数词动词动词动词动词inging短语短语短语短语to+to+动词短语动词短语动词短语动词短语连词连词连词连词+句子句子句子句子主语主语和和宾语宾语这两个位置的词这两个位置的词/词组的词性是一样的词组的词性是一样的(涉及涉及5大词性大词性)：名名词、词、代代词、词、数数词、词、动动词词ing、to+动动词词原形原形、连连词词+句子句子主语主语+谓语谓语主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语is副词算什么成分呢副词算什么成分呢?形容词算什么形容词算什么成分呢成分呢?介词短语算什么成分呢介词短语算什么成分呢?He became a scientist.The watch is his.One and two is three.We are at home.The idea sounds good.He keeps crying.His task is to clean the window.That is because the job is boring.观察以下句子中，谓语动词观察以下句子中，谓语动词观察以下句子中，谓语动词观察以下句子中，谓语动词后后后后的词的词的词的词/词组的词性词组的词性词组的词性词组的词性becameisisaresoundskeepsisisis名词名词名词名词代词代词代词代词数词数词数词数词动词动词动词动词inging短语短语短语短语to+to+动词短语动词短语动词短语动词短语连词连词连词连词+句子句子句子句子介词短语介词短语介词短语介词短语形容词形容词形容词形容词8大词性大词性宾语只有宾语只有5大词性，为什么这里有大词性，为什么这里有8大词性呢？大词性呢？因为这种谓语是因为这种谓语是“_”：系动词系动词be 动词动词 持续类持续类:“看起来像看起来像”感官类感官类:变化类变化类:持续类持续类:keep,remain,stay“看起来像看起来像”seem，appear感官类感官类:look,smell,taste,sound,feel变化类变化类:become,grow,get,go,turn,fall简单句简单句5大结构之三：大结构之三：主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语区别于宾语的区别于宾语的5大词性，大词性，系动词系动词后后这个位置被称这个位置被称为为“表语表语”Mr.Li teaches us history.My father tells us a story.He gave Mary a red pen.I lend him many books.She bought me a bike.He made his wife a kite.观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句5 5大结构大结构大结构大结构之四：之四：之四：之四：tellsboughtteacheslendgavemadeus historyus a storyMary a red penhim many booksme a bikehis wife a kite主语主语+谓语谓语指人的指人的名词名词/代词代词物体物体名词名词间接间接宾语宾语(人人)直接直接宾语宾语(物物)表达物体的来去表达物体的来去或交换的动词或交换的动词=My father tells a story to us.=He gave a red pen to Mary.=I lend many books to him.=She bought a bike for me.=He made a kite for his wife.tellstogavetotolendboughtmadeforfor“主谓双宾主谓双宾”结构换写成：结构换写成：主语主语+谓语谓语直接直接宾语宾语(物物)间接间接宾语宾语(人人)to(给给)for(为为)His father named him Jack.Jack painted the wall white.We found everything in good order.The teacher asks Tony to sit down.We saw her entering the room.We saw a horse tied to the tree.主语主语+谓语谓语名词名词/代词代词namedpaintedfoundaskssawsawhim Jackthe wall whiteeverything in good orderTony to sit downher entering the rooma horse tied to the tree名词名词名词名词动词动词动词动词inging短语短语短语短语to+to+动词短语动词短语动词短语动词短语介词短语介词短语介词短语介词短语形容词形容词形容词形容词动词动词动词动词eded短语短语短语短语说明物体情况的词说明物体情况的词宾语宾语宾语宾语补足语补足语观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句5 5大结构大结构大结构大结构之五：之五：之五：之五：1)Birds fly.2)They like singing.3)Tom gives them food.4)We hear them talking.5)We are students.Birds fly.They like singing.Tom gives them food.We hear them talking.We are students._语语_词词动动谓谓名名词、词、代代词、词、数数词、词、动动词词ing、to+动动词词原形原形、连连词词+句子句子名名词、词、代代词、词、数数词、词、形容形容词、词、介介词短语词短语动动词词ing、to+动动词词原形原形、连连词词+句子句子be动词动词持续类持续类:keep,remain,stay“看起来像看起来像”seem,appear感官类感官类:look,smell,taste,sound,feel变化类变化类:become,grow,get,go,turn,fall【思考思考】如果动词不在谓语这个如果动词不在谓语这个位置，有什么特点？位置，有什么特点？Doing sports is healthy.To climb buildings is dangerous.I enjoy running.He wanted to run.He keeps crying.His task is to clean the window.The teacher asks Tony to sit down.We saw her entering the room.We saw a horse tied to the tree.以以以以谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词为中心展开，观察处于为中心展开，观察处于为中心展开，观察处于为中心展开，观察处于非谓语位置非谓语位置非谓语位置非谓语位置时，时，时，时，动词的特点动词的特点动词的特点动词的特点isisenjoywantedkeepsisaskssawsawDoing sportsTo climb buildingsrunningto runcryingto cleanto sit downenteringtied不在谓语这个位置，而不在谓语这个位置，而不在谓语这个位置，而不在谓语这个位置，而在在在在_语语语语这个位置的这个位置的这个位置的这个位置的动词动词动词动词不在谓语这个位置，而不在谓语这个位置，而不在谓语这个位置，而不在谓语这个位置，而在在在在_语语语语这个位置的这个位置的这个位置的这个位置的动词动词动词动词不在谓语这个位置，而不在谓语这个位置，而不在谓语这个位置，而不在谓语这个位置，而在在在在_语语语语这个位置的这个位置的这个位置的这个位置的动词动词动词动词不在谓语这个位置，而不在谓语这个位置，而不在谓语这个位置，而不在谓语这个位置，而在在在在_语语语语这个位置的这个位置的这个位置的这个位置的动词动词动词动词非谓语动词的形式：非谓语动词的形式：动词动词ingto+动词动词动词过去分词动词过去分词简单句与简单句之间通常是简单句与简单句之间通常是_号、号、_号、号、_号号或分号（或分号（；）句句感叹感叹问问Yesterday was Tuesday.We fished all day;we didnt catch anything.What a pity!Why?英语中的逗号呢？英语中的逗号呢？=Tom won the first place in the contest and it made his parents proud.=Tom won the first place in the contest,which made his parents proud.=Tom won the first place in the contest,making his parents proud.除了用标点符号体现简单句，可以用以下方式：除了用标点符号体现简单句，可以用以下方式：加连词（加连词（and/but/so）变从句变从句使用非谓语动词使用非谓语动词并列句并列句主从主从复合句复合句Tom won the first place in the contest.It made his parents proud.句子成分句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾补宾补定语、状语定语、状语这两种成分的位置比较灵活，这两种成分的位置比较灵活，要靠作用来判断要靠作用来判断那些句子里，我们发现的位置：那些句子里，我们发现的位置：这是这是我的朋友我的朋友。这是这是来自美国的学生来自美国的学生。我的我的来自美国的来自美国的对比两组句子的中英文对比两组句子的中英文“语序语序”（即（即单词排列顺序单词排列顺序）：）：【观察和发现观察和发现】中英文中，中英文中，定语定语的异同：的异同：加上修饰成分（尤其加上修饰成分（尤其后置定语后置定语或或状语状语）后，）后，中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生_。变化变化都用于修饰名词都用于修饰名词This is my friend.This is a student from America.my from Americareally beautiful things boiled rice a swimming pool a swimming fish单个形容词单个形容词单个动词过去分词单个动词过去分词单个动词单个动词ing形容词形容词+名词名词动词过去分词、动词动词过去分词、动词ing形容词形容词副词可以修饰形容词副词可以修饰形容词+名词名词1 1）用于修饰名词）用于修饰名词2 2）中文里为）中文里为“的的*”真正美丽的东西真正美丽的东西 煮熟了的饭煮熟了的饭 游泳池游泳池一条游动的鱼一条游动的鱼真正真正美丽的美丽的东西东西 煮熟了的煮熟了的饭饭 游泳游泳池池一条一条游动的游动的鱼鱼really beautiful things boiled rice a swimming pool a swimming fish 桌子上的书桌子上的书 有画的书有画的书 我们喜欢的书我们喜欢的书 站在树下的男孩站在树下的男孩被被Tom表扬的男孩表扬的男孩 一些吃的东西一些吃的东西the book on the deskthe book with picturesthe book that/which has picturesthe book that/which we likethe boy who/that stands under the treethe boy standing under the treethe boy who/that are praised by Tomthe boy praised by Tomsomething to eat 桌子上的桌子上的书书 有画的有画的书书 我们喜欢的我们喜欢的书书 站在树下的站在树下的男孩男孩被被Tom表扬的表扬的男孩男孩 一些一些吃的吃的东西东西the book on the deskthe book with picturesthe book that/which has picturesthe book that/which we likethe boy who/that stands under the treethe boy standing under the treethe boy who/that are praised by Tomthe boy praised by Tomsomething to eat表位置表位置“的的”含动词短语含动词短语“的的”名词名词+名词名词介词短语介词短语定语从句定语从句(主谓要完整主谓要完整)非谓语动词短语非谓语动词短语1 1）用于修饰名词）用于修饰名词2 2）中文里为）中文里为“的的*”表示表示_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_和和_的词的词/词组叫做状语。词组叫做状语。1)The meeting will be held in the meeting room tomorrow.（表示（表示_、_）2)He studies hard to learn English well.(表示表示_、_)3)He goes to school by bike.（表示（表示_）4)She entered the room,holding a book.（表示（表示_）5)Moved by the story,they cried.（表示（表示_）6)I like some of you very much.You are very kind.He runs very fast.（表示（表示_）时间时间地点地点目的目的方式方式程度程度原因原因结果结果条件条件伴随伴随让步让步地点地点时间时间方式方式目的目的方式方式伴随伴随原因原因程度程度通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、过去分词、现通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、过去分词、现在分词、从句构成，常位于句末或句首。修饰动词、在分词、从句构成，常位于句末或句首。修饰动词、形容词、副词、或句子。形容词、副词、或句子。在句子充当状语的从句称为在句子充当状语的从句称为_从句，可放在主句从句，可放在主句_面或面或_面，但是若放在主句前面，要用面，但是若放在主句前面，要用_与主与主句分开。句分开。7)When you leave,please close all the windows.(表示表示_)8)He didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill.(表示表示_)9)He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.(表示表示_)10)If you study hard,you will pass the exam.(表示表示_)11)Though he is young,he can do it well.(表示表示_)时间时间原因原因结果结果条件条件让步让步表示表示_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_和和_的词的词/词组叫做状语。词组叫做状语。时间时间地点地点目的目的方式方式程度程度原因原因结果结果条件条件伴随伴随让步让步状语状语前前后后逗号逗号To my surprise,everything went on well.We should try to get good results by studying hard.Instead of giving us answers immediately,he encourages us to think by ourselves.With the network becoming more and more popular,people prefer seeing films to going to the cinema.1、状语，表示地点、程度、时间、原因、方式、状语，表示地点、程度、时间、原因、方式 常位于句末或句首常位于句末或句首2、后置定语（位于、后置定语（位于名词名词后）后）A professor from Beijing University gave us a talk about/on how to learn English well this morning.The man in the classroom is a student.We should protect the rivers along the city.To my surprise,everything went on well.We should try to get good results by studying hard.Instead of giving us answers immediately,he encourages us to think by ourselves.With the network becoming more and more popular,people prefer seeing films to going to the cinema.A professor from Beijing University gave us a talk about/on how to learn English well this morning.The man in the classroom is a student.We should protect the rivers along the city.The books in the shop are cheap and I buy many books with my friends.(in the shop)(with my friends)翻译难点一：翻译难点一：名词后名词后的的 介词短语介词短语 可能是可能是后置定语后置定语，译为，译为“的的”后置定语后置定语状语状语They will go on their work.They will go on foot.翻译难点翻译难点2：“动词动词+介词介词+”的两种情况：的两种情况：1）“动介动介+（作宾语）（作宾语）”2）“动词动词+介词介词（作状语）（作状语）”They will go on their work.They will go on foot.以通顺的句意为准以通顺的句意为准，判，判断介词是搭配前面的动词，断介词是搭配前面的动词，还是搭配后面的内容还是搭配后面的内容介词短语介词短语