完型讲座.pptx

备战中考英语备战中考英语备战中考英语备战中考英语完形填空讲座完形填空讲座完形填空讲座完形填空讲座一、试题分析一、试题分析二、解题策略二、解题策略 三、备考方案三、备考方案四、注意事项四、注意事项一、试题分析一、试题分析中考英语完形填空旨在全面考查考生中考英语完形填空旨在全面考查考生英语英语基础知识和综合运用语言基础知识和综合运用语言的能力，其中包的能力，其中包括括词汇辨析能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑推词汇辨析能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑推理和判断能力理和判断能力等。它不仅要求考生具有扎等。它不仅要求考生具有扎实的基础知识，而且还要求考生具有独立实的基础知识，而且还要求考生具有独立分析、对比取舍及灵活处理问题的能力。分析、对比取舍及灵活处理问题的能力。一、试题分析一、试题分析完形填空的命题原则是完形填空的命题原则是“以实词为主，以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”。实词。实词中偏重于中偏重于对动词和名词的考查，同时对动词和名词的考查，同时也兼顾对形容词、副词以及其它词类也兼顾对形容词、副词以及其它词类的考查的考查。试题以。试题以情境意义情境意义选择为主，选择为主，纯语法性选择近年已趋近于零。纯语法性选择近年已趋近于零。一、试题分析一、试题分析单词填空多，短语填空少单词填空多，短语填空少选项实词多，虚词设置少选项实词多，虚词设置少首句不设空，把握主题句首句不设空，把握主题句The picture show eighteen year-old Katy Ross in Nepal,small country in north India.Katy 46 school 8 months ago and soon she will go to university.She loves traveling and decided to visit Asia 47 she goes to university.46.A.left B.found C.visited D.reached 47.A.beforeB.when C.afterD.while动词动词情境意义情境意义连词辨析连词辨析情境意义情境意义Katy is living with a family in the capital of Nepal.She has 48 a lot about the country since she arrived 4 months ago.The family has two children but many uncles and cousins live with 49 in their big house.They have taken Katy to many parties.48.A.used B.taughtC.made D.learnt 49.A.us B.himC.her D.them动词动词情境意义情境意义代词代词情境意义情境意义 Katy teaches for four hours a day at small 50 .All the classes are in English and the pupils have spoken English since the 51 of six.The older children speak English very 52 .Katy has taught writing,grammar and art,all in English.She enjoys art the most.And she thinks the children like the lessons best,too.50.A.shop B.cinema C.school D.factory 51.A.lifeB.ageC.numberD.amount 52.A.badB.goodC.fineD.well短语短语词性辨析词性辨析名词名词情境意义情境意义 Katy has not a lot of time to 53 Nepal,but soon she will stop teaching and travel around Nepal 54 a friend.“After that”Katy says,“we will visit more countries in Asia.Were not 55 which ones yet.”53.A.seeB.hearC.lookD.smell 54.A.ofB.on C.withD.in 55.A.tiredB.sureC.afraidD.happy动词辨析动词辨析情境意义情境意义介词辨析介词辨析形容词形容词情境意义情境意义 It was seven oclock on the morning of August 29th.The Kelly family were going to Brighton,a town by the sea.“Can we have breakfast 46 we leave?”asked Gina Kelly.“No,”said her mother.“We must leave now,or the traffic will be 47.Well have breakfast when we 48 the seaside.”46.A.beforeB.afterC.whileD.when 47.A.wonderfulB.safe C.terrible D.easy 48.A.moveB.leave C.clean D.get to连词辨析连词辨析 情境意义情境意义形容词形容词 情境意义情境意义动词动词 情境意义情境意义 Gina ran downstairs.“Im ready,”she said.The family climbed into the 49,and Dad started driving.In the front of the car was Mike.He was eleven.He didnt talk but just 50 music.In the back of the car were Gina,her mother and Ellen.Gina was nine and Ellen was three.49.A.bus B.car C.trainD.ship 50.A.heard B.listened to C.listened D.heard of名词名词 情境意义情境意义短语辨析短语辨析 Dad drove very fast.“Youre driving too fast,”said Mum.“You dont have to drive so fast.Its 51.”Dad laughed and drove more slowly.There wasnt 52 traffic,and they reached Brighton at nine oclock.It was a sunny day,and the sea 53 very blue.51.A.late B.great C.busy D.early 52.A.too much B.much too C.too many D.many too 53.A.sounded B.tasted C.looked D.felt动词辨析动词辨析副词辨析副词辨析形容词形容词 情境意义情境意义 “Oh dear,I am full,”said Gina.“54 can I swim when Ive got all that food inside me?”“Easy,”shouted Mike.“Just watch me!”He ran towards the sea,followed by Gina happily.What a(n)55 day it was going to be!54.A.Where B.How C.Whether D.Why 55.A.exciting B.boring C.useful D.noisy特殊疑问词特殊疑问词形容词形容词 情境意义情境意义Many students have hobbies,such as reading,painting,growing vegetables in their gardens,and looking after animals.Some hobbies are relaxing and _46_ are creative.Hobbies can develop your interests and help you learn new skills.46.A.otherB.othersC.the otherD.anotherother other 相相关词汇辨关词汇辨析析David Smith is a student,and his hobby is writing._47_ the summer of 2000,he spent four weeks on a summer camp.As well as the usual activities,such as sailing,climbing and mountain biking,there was a writing workshop with a professional _48_.“She asked us to imagine that we were in a story.Then we wrote about our _49_ at the camp.”47.A.DuringB.At C.ForD.On48.A.managerB.doctorC.singerD.writer49.A.experiences B.examplesC.excusesD.experiments介词介词 情境意义情境意义名词名词情境意义情境意义名词名词情境意义情境意义In senior high school David wrote a story about teenage life,and it _50_ as a book in 2003.Many teenagers love his book,and as a result,David has become a _51_ young writer.50.A.took outB.tried outC.came outD.went out51.A.successful B.normalC.politeD.lonely短语辨析短语辨析情境意义情境意义形容词形容词情境意义情境意义David has been very lucky _52_ his hobby has bought him enjoyment and success,but he is _53_ interested in many other things.“I like playing volleyball,too,”says David.“I spend some of my free time playing volleyball for my school team._ 54_ Ill write more books in the future,but Im not sure.”52.A.orB.butC.becauseD.though53.A.tooB.alsoC.onlyD.either54.A.UsuallyB.Immediately C.MaybeD.Once连词连词情境意义情境意义副词副词情境意义情境意义副词副词情境意义情境意义Its sometimes difficult _55_ that we shouldnt spend all our time on our favourite hobby.There are many other interesting things to do in life,and we should try to do something new or different.55.A.remember B.remembers C.remembered D.to remember非谓语动词非谓语动词辨析辨析0808年中考真题年中考真题 动词（动词（3 3）名词（）名词（2 2）介词（）介词（1 1）连词）连词（1 1）代词（）代词（1 1）形容词（）形容词（1 1）副词（）副词（1 1）共共7 7道题涉及整体文章内容道题涉及整体文章内容0909年中考真题年中考真题 连词、形容词、动词、数词、代词、短连词、形容词、动词、数词、代词、短语、介词（语、介词（2 2）、名词、形容词）、名词、形容词 共共6 6道题涉及整体文章内容道题涉及整体文章内容 其他试题均为词汇含义的辨析其他试题均为词汇含义的辨析1010年中考真题年中考真题 动词及短语（动词及短语（2 2）形容词（）形容词（2 2）副词（）副词（2 2）名词（名词（2 2）介词（）介词（1 1）连词（）连词（1 1）共共8 8道题涉及整体文章内容，其他为词汇道题涉及整体文章内容，其他为词汇辨析辨析 需关注第需关注第5555题，单纯考察词法，是题，单纯考察词法，是0808、0909年未出现的年未出现的 二、解题策略二、解题策略细读开篇首句，推测全文内容细读开篇首句，推测全文内容通读全文，掌握文章主旨大意通读全文，掌握文章主旨大意 围绕大意，对照选项，围绕大意，对照选项，逐句阅读，初选答案逐句阅读，初选答案先易后难，瞻前顾后先易后难，瞻前顾后复核全文，看文章是否上下连贯，复核全文，看文章是否上下连贯，合乎逻辑，同时消除疏漏合乎逻辑，同时消除疏漏三、备考方案三、备考方案与与阅读阅读训练相结合训练相结合着重对着重对词法词法的复习的复习熟悉熟悉构词法构词法完形填空的完形填空的不间断限时不间断限时训练训练 四、注意事项四、注意事项认真阅读首尾句，利于全文助理解认真阅读首尾句，利于全文助理解一旦开始做题，切勿因某道难题停留太久一旦开始做题，切勿因某道难题停留太久切忌缺乏全局观念切忌缺乏全局观念 解法多种多样，恢复原貌为上解法多种多样，恢复原貌为上完形填空要考查的几个方面完形填空要考查的几个方面:1.根据上下文语境来确定最佳选项：因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。例1：Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas1andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad2astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcase3downthestairs.1.A.helplessB.lazyC.anxiousD.tired2.A.tookB.mindedC.missedD.picked3.A.rollingB.passingC.droppingD.turning分析：在把握上文“我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯”的情况下，可知1题答案为D.tired，即当我到达三楼时，已经很累了；再从爸爸“提着两只衣箱跟在我后面”以及下文的信息词“fell”可知此句的意思是：爸爸少跨了一步摔倒了，衣箱滚下了楼梯。因此2、3题的答案分别为C、A，尽管其它选项在语法上均无错误。D.tiredC.missedA.rolling例2:ButEllaFant,whowasfiledwith1,shoutedatthetopofhervoice,Lookat2Theyrealloutof3exceptmyJohnIsnthethebest1.A.sadnessB.happinessC.surpriseD.regret2.A.themB.thoseC.thatD.him3.A.sightB.orderC.mindD.step分析：考虑上下文的语境，第一个空的后边既然“是声嘶力竭的喊叫”就不能是A、D项，特别是通过最后一句Isnthethebest推知母亲此时的感觉是“幸福”的。所以1题的答案选B。2题的答案选A.them是因为其后用了theyre。3题通过全篇语境知道此时描述的游行队伍里一个人的步伐与其他人的不同，答案应与“步伐”有关，所以答案选D.step。B.happinessA.themD.step2.根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理：解决这类题目，要能够驾驭全文，不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。例1：Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir1.Thiswasthebeginningofanother2dayinNewYorkCity.1.A.jobsB.homesC.busesD.offices2.A.workingB.hotC.sameD.ordinary分析：从信息词“earlymorning”和“sleepy-eyed”来判断，B.homes不符合逻辑，按生活经验，他们是去上班。这时有些考生也许会认为，既然上班，就要去“挤公交车”或“去办公室”。但上班的方式也有步行的、骑车的或坐地铁的，也有自己开车去的。人们上班有去农场的、煤矿的，还有去工厂车间的，不一定去办公室。因此，C.buses和D.offices不符合生活实际。1题只有A.jobs才是最合乎逻辑的选项，人们起床后，各自奔向自己的工作岗位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平平常常的，因此2题答案是D.ordinary。A.jobsD.ordinary例2：Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast29bedandbringhimthepapersto30.29.A.toB.atC.inD.by30.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign分析：29题的答案是C，bed的前面应当用介词in。至于30题，就要用到相应的文化背景知识：外国人有早上读报的习惯，句中papers即报纸（newspapers）。这是理解文章细节的关键。有了这些文化背景知识，便可迅速推断出最佳选项B.read。因为生活中过分溺爱孩子的母亲，让儿子“在床上”吃早饭，“读”早报是很自然的事情，这也正与文章的主旨相吻合。C.inB.read3.根据词语的习惯用法和固定搭配来选择答案词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例较大，多数题目涉及到动词的用法和各种搭配关系，这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词的用法紧密相关。例1：Mrs.Clarkwas38teaatthetime.38.A.cookingB.makingC.burningD.serving分析：从动词与名词的搭配关系角度考虑，“沏茶”用maketea,“上茶”用servethetea,这是语言使用过程当中约定俗成的习惯用法，所以该题正确答案是B.making，考生也不应受汉语思维习惯的影响而误选A。B.making例2:TheotherdayIwassittinginasmallrestaurant1aquietdrinkandatalkwithafewfriendswhenitsuddenly2methatalmosteveryoneintherestaurantwassmoking.Itwasntlong3thewholeroomwasfilledwithsmoke.1.A.haveB.hadC.havingD.havehad2.A.seemedB.struckC.sankD.showed3.A.agoB.afterC.beforeD.now分析：解题1选C，是因为它这里是表伴随。解题2选B是因为struck的意思有”使想到”,其它几个意思不符，搭配也不合理。解题3选C，itisntlongbefore是一个固定搭配的句型。C.havingB.struckC.before4.根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义从而确定答案：完形填空题对语言点的考查主要体现在词汇搭配和语义辨析两个方面。要做好这种题目，必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。例1：Dadtaughtmealotaboutlife,especiallyitshardtimes.Irememberedoneofhis1,onenightwhenIwasreadytoquit(退出)apoliticalcampaign（运动）Iwaslosing,andwroteaboutitinmydiary.Tired,feelingthemonthsof2,Iwentuptomystudytomakesomenotes.1.A.classesB.adviceC.lessonsD.talks2.A.struggleB.workingC.battleD.defence分析：class（课，班级，阶级）advice（忠告，建议，不可数名词）lesson（课程，教训）talk（谈话，讲演），根据短文中提供的信息，应该是作者准备退出一场失败了的政治活动时，父亲“教训”了他一顿，所以1题的答案是C.lessons。2题的选项B.working（工作，劳动）,D.defence（防卫，辩护）明显不合乎逻辑，A.struggle意为“斗争，战争”，C.battle是指大型战役中的小规模“战斗”。作者在这次政治活动中经历了数月的艰辛，为争取某种权利而进行了艰苦的“斗争”，根据文章的情节线索我们可以确定最佳选项是A。这两个题的解决都借助了词义的辨析，同时也离不开对短文情节发展的把握。C.lessonsA.struggle例2：Shenoticedhownervoushewasandsuggestedheshouldstandnearthestagewherehecouldwatchandfollowtheplay.Itwasagood1ofgettingridofhisnervousness,shesaid.Shewasright,itseemedto2.1.A.ideaB.wayC.pathD.plan2.A.doB.winC.workD.act分析：句中“她”注意到“他”很紧张，建议“他”观看表演以消除紧张。显然，“她”所建议的是一种消除紧张的“方法”。1题的四个选项A.idea（想法，意见）B.way（路线，方法）C.path（小路，路线）D.plan（计划，规划）中只有B选项有此含义，无疑是最佳答案。紧接下来的一句话是“她说得对，这个方法似乎有效。”2题的四个选项A.do（做，尽力）B.win（获胜，夺得）C.work（工作，起作用）D.act（行动，表演）中只有C选项有“奏效”这个含义，自然应该是最佳答案。这两个题的解答也是在考虑上下文的前提下，从词汇意义入手的。B.wayC.work二、做完形填空题应从以下方面入手二、做完形填空题应从以下方面入手（一）、首先要以很快的速度浏览全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看选项。浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件，即who，when,where，what。完形填空命题的原则一般是第一句话不挖空，目的是使读者进入语境，因此一定要认真阅读这句话。（二）、根据故事情节的发展选词，确定所填的词与文中哪个词有关系以及动作是在什么场合发生的。（三）、试填之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查。(“字面译、通逻辑、搞代入、全文译”)具体操作中应注意的问题具体操作中应注意的问题1.看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：能是同义词或反义词。例如：1)Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisveryvery.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous2)MrsONeillaskedquestionsandshedidntscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.more分析:1.根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此答案为A。2.and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。A.deepA.no2.通顺逻辑，寻求搭配通顺逻辑，寻求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：Heresafellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimselfsomuchmoney.A.forB.byC.toD.of分析:表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是helponeselfto故答案为C。C.to3.扎实基础，搞清辨异扎实基础，搞清辨异SoonIheardalikethatofadoorburstinandthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shout分析:选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。A.sound4.看清执行者，确定所选词看清执行者，确定所选词Andvideocamerascanbeusedtopeoplesactionsathome.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch分析:句中动作的发出者是videocameras因此答案是C，意思是“记录”。C.record5.寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondonIstillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as分析:根据句前的manyyears和句后的stillremember答案应选表示转折的连词but.C.but6.了解生活常识，确定相关知识了解生活常识，确定相关知识(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothehospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest分析:在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D。D.nearest