医学英语翻译题汇总.doc

UNIT 11. Although the DNA in the nucleus of each cell contains all of the genetic information for all human traits, only a small number of genes are actually active in a particular cell、 These active genes are the codes for the proteins necessary for the specific cell type、尽管每一个细胞核中得DNA都包含有人类特性得所有遗传信息，但实际上只有小数基因在特定细胞中有活性，这些活性基因就是特有得细胞类型所必须得蛋白密码。2. In facilitated diffusion, molecules move through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration, but they need some help to do this、在易化扩散中，大分子经一层膜从高浓度区域向低浓度区域移动，但分子要完成这一工作需要某些帮助。3. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, that is, certain substances are permitted to pass through and others are not、细胞膜得渗透性就是有选择性得，即某些物质允许通过，而其它物质则不行。4. Filtration means that water and dissolved materials are forced through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure、过滤就是指水与已溶解物质经一层膜从高压区压送到低压区。5、 Active transport requires the energy of ATP to move molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration、 主动转运需要ATP这种能使分子从低浓度区向高浓度区移动。1、 体内平衡取决于所有不同类型得细胞正常得发挥其功能。(depend upon) Homeostasis depends upon the normal functions of all of the different kinds of cells、2、 就人口与地域而言，这两个国家差异很大。(with respect to) With respect to population and geographical area, these two countries vary greatly、3、 染色体由脱氧核糖核酸与蛋白构成，而脱氧核糖核酸又就是细胞特征与活性得遗传密码。(genetic code) Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein, and the DNA is the genetic code for the characteristics and activities of the cell、4、 氧气从空气中扩散到血液以便在全身循环，而二氧化碳从血液散播到空气中以便排出体外。(diffuse ) Oxygen diffuses from the air to the blood to be circulated throughout the body, but carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the air to be exhaled from the body、5、 科学不断地提供新得发现，从而进一步支持了她得假设。(back up) Science continued to throw up discoveries which further backed up his hypothesis、UNIT 21、 At either end of the age spectrum, however, temperature regulation may not be as precise as it is in older children or younger adults、 然而，在年龄段两端得人群，其体温调节精确程度都不如青少年或青年人。2、 The pathways of heat loss from the body are the skin, respiratory tract, and to a lesser extent, the urinary and digestive tracts、 人体散热途径就是经皮肤、呼吸道，少量经尿道与消化道散热。3、 Changes in body temperature also have an effect on metabolic rate and heat production、 This becomes clinically important when a person has a fever, an abnormally high body temperature、人体体温得变化也会影响代谢率与产热。当一个人发热、体温异常升高时，从临床上讲，体温变化就显得重要了。4、 Anabolism means synthesis or “formation” reactions, the bonding together of smaller molecules to form larger ones、合成代谢就是指综合或“形成”性反应，即把小得分子结合在一起形成更大得分子。5、 Catabolism means decomposition, the breaking of bonds of larger molecules to form smaller molecules、 Cell respiration is a series of catabolic reactions that break down food molecules to carbon dioxide and water、分解代谢就是指分解，即将较大得分子链分解形成小分子。细胞呼吸过程就就是一连串得分解代谢反应-将食物分子分解成二氧化碳与水。1、 新陈代谢就是指发生在生物体内得化学过程，可分为合成代谢与分解代谢两大类。(metabolism)Metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that take place in the living organisms、 It may be divided into two major categories: anabolism and catabolism、2、 正常人得体温为37度。随个体、年龄、活动量与每日早晚略有差异，但波动幅度不超过l。(fluctuation)The normal body temperature is 37C, and varies by person, age, activity, and time of day, but the fluctuations are usually no more than 1、0C、3、 在正常情况下，人体通过体温调节系统使体温保持相对稳定。(constant)Under normal conditions, human body is able to maintain a relatively constant body temperature through the system of temperature regulation、4、 与生活在热带地区得人相比，在寒冷气候下生活得人，新陈代谢率要高10-20%。(metabolic rate)People who live in cold climates may have metabolic rates 10% to 20% higher than those who live in tropical regions、5、 人体体温得调节主要就是通过汗腺得分泌及皮肤血管得收缩与舒张。(excretion)Human body temperature is mainly regulated through the excretion of sweat gland and vasodilation and constriction of blood vessels in the skinUNIT 31、 Ventricular contraction forces blood against the flaps of the right and left AV valves and closes them; the force of blood also opens the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves、 心室收缩使血液施压于左右房室瓣并使其关闭；血液得压力也使主动脉半月瓣与肺动脉半月瓣打开。2、 Palpations are usually not serious, and may be the result of too much caffeine, nicotine, or alcohol、 Much more serious is ventricular fibrillation, a very rapid and uncoordinated ventricular beat that is totally ineffective for pumping blood、 心悸通常不很严重，可能因摄入得咖啡因，尼古丁或酒精过量引起。 更为严重得就是室颤，室颤就是一种快速而无节律得心室跳动，可以导致心脏泵血无力。3、 Although the heart generates and maintains its own beat, the rate of contraction can be changed to adapt to different situations、 The nervous system can and does bring about necessary changes in heart rate as well as in force of contraction 尽管心脏自身产生跳动并得以维持跳动，但为了适应不同情况还可以改变收缩率。神经系统可以，并得确能使心率与收缩得强度进行必要得改变。4、 The heart will also be the effector in a reflex stimulated by a decrease in the oxygen content of the blood、 The aortic receptors are strategically located so as to detect such an important change as soon as blood leaves the heart、 心脏在受到血氧量下降激起得反射中起到效应器得作用。主动脉感受器得位置非常关键，所以在血液离心时，感受器能探查出其重要得变化。5、 The cardiac cycle is a sequence of mechanical events that is regulated by the electrical activity of the myocardium、 Cardiac muscle cells have the ability to contract spontaneously, that is, nerve impulses are not required to cause contraction、 心循环就是一系列受到心肌电活性调节得机械性活动。心肌细胞能自主收缩，即不需要神经冲动引起收缩。1、 房颤就是一种常见得不规律得心脏节律，房颤能引起心房，即心脏上腔室不正常收缩。（atrial fibrillation）Atrial fibrillation is a very common irregular heart rhythm that causes the atria, the upper chambers of the heart, to contract abnormally、2、 心电图就是用电来记录心脏得活动，其作用就是协助诊断动脉疾病、心肌梗塞及一些先天性心脏病。（electrocardiogram）The electrocardiogram(ECG) is an electrical recording of heart action and aids in the diagnosis of artery disease, myocardial infarction, and some congenital heart diseases、3、 强烈要求高等教育改革得呼声遍及全国，人大代表对此也做了提案。( permeate )A strong desire for higher education reform permeates the whole country, for which deputiestothePeoplesCongresshave also madetheirproposals、4、 心率不齐即就是心跳不规律，几乎每个人都有心率不齐得经历。（arrhythmia）Arrhythmia means the irregular heartbeat, which nearly every individual can experience、 5、为了婴儿饮食安全，她们正在努力研制尽善尽美得新牛奶配方。（formula）They are working on the perfection of their new milk formula to ensure the diet safety of the babies、UNIT 41、 The success of physiology in explaining how organisms perform their daily tasks is based on the notion that they are intricate and exquisite machines whose operation is governed by the laws of physics and chemistry、 生理学成功地解释了生物体如何进行日常活动，基于得观点就是生物体好比就是结构复杂而灵巧得机器，其操作受物理与化学规律控制。 2、 Although it is helpful to study how each organ performs its functions, it is essential to recognize that the activity of the body as a whole is dependent on the intricate interactions between the various organ systems、虽然研究各器官如何行使功能很有益处，但我们必须认识到机体作为一个整体所做得活动依赖于各器官系统间错综复杂得相互作用。3、 If there is an excess of potassium in the extracellular fluid, the cardiac muscle cells become too excitable and may contract at inappropriate times rather than in a coordinated manner、如果细胞外液中钾离子过多，心肌细胞兴奋性增强，可能出现不规律得收缩。4、 A negative feedback loop requires a sensor of some kind that responds to the variable in question but not to other physiological variables、负反馈环就是在机体出现紊乱时，将一些变量控制在限定范围内得一个控制系统。5、 Each functional structure contributes its share to the maintenance of homeostatic conditions in the extracellular fluid, which is called the internal environment、每个功能结构都在维持细胞外液稳态方面发挥其作用，这称之为内环境。1、 血小板与血浆蛋白通过阻止受伤后得机体血液流失、修复伤口控制稳态。（hemostasis）Platelets and plasma proteins control hemostasis, a process that stops blood loss after injury and promotes wound healing、2、 钠钾泵将钠离子主动转运至细胞外，钾离子转运到细胞内。每三个钠离子被转运出细胞，就有两个钾离子被转运到细胞内。（transport）A sodium-potassium pump actively transports sodium ions (Na+) to the outside and potassium ions (K+) to the inside, with three Na+ moved out for every two K+ moved in、 3、 体内水平衡由位于大脑下丘脑得得渗透压感受器自动调控。（regulate）Water is autonomically regulated by osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus of the brain、 4、营养物质与液体由小肠绒毛内得毛细血管进入血液循环系统。(absorb)Capillaries within the villi of the small intestine are sites where nutrients and fluids are absorbed into the circulatory system、 5、 所有得细胞每时每刻都需要氧气，并不断排出二氧化碳等新陈代谢废物。(eliminate)All cells require a continuous supply of oxygen (O2) and must continuously eliminate a metabolic waste product, carbon dioxide (CO2)、UNIT 51. The body is constantly striving to maintain a constant internal environment in the midst of ever-changing conditions、 身体一直在不断变化得条件下保持内环境恒定。2. Cardiac output then becomes inadequate to meet the demands of the body, and the patient loses consciousness because insufficient blood reaches the brain、 心输出量不足以满足身体得需要，病人就会因为没有足够得血液到达大脑而失去意识。3. The liver releases stored glucose into the blood when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system, thus providing an increased energy source for actively metabolizing cells、 当受到交感神经系统得刺激时，肝脏会释放储存得葡萄糖到血液里，因此为活跃得新陈代谢细胞提供更多得能量源。4. People subject to migraine headaches are generally hard-working and like order; a threat or a conflict causes them to become tense and fatigued、 受偏头痛影响得人通常就是努力工作得与喜欢有规律得人。恐吓或冲突会引起她们紧张与疲乏。5. Asthma, a disease characterized by marked changes in the diameter of the bronchi and obstruction of the air passageways, usually has an allergic basis 哮喘通常有过敏得基础，这种疾病表现出支气管直径明显变化与气道阻塞。各种过敏源与刺激物都可以引起哮喘发作。1、 她受到严刑拷打, 但没泄露秘密。(subject to) He had been subjected to punishment, but he didnt tell the secret、2、 如身体伤残或患上疾病，以致不能安全驾驶，就不应驾驶。(suffer) You should not drive if you suffer from any disability or illness that may make it difficult for you to drive safely、3、 爱迪生说：“天才就是99%得血汗加上1%得灵感!”（perspiration） Thomas Edison said, “genius is 99% perspiration plus 1% of inspiration、”4、中国养老保险体制得改革与完善提出具有针对性与可操作性得合理化建议，更好地为社会经济实践服务。(provide) It seeks to provide with reasonable suggestions for the improvement of pension reform in china and better serve for social practice、5、 较年轻得职员与那些做辅助性工作得人更容易感到无聊。(prone) Younger employees and those with more menial jobs were also more prone to boredom、