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初二英语时间状语从句讲解与练习.doc

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初二英语时间状语从句讲解与练习           撰稿:胡欲晓   审稿:牛新阁    责编:白雪雁 when, while 与 as 引导时间状语从句得用法ﻫ  这三个词得意思很简单,都有“当……时候"得意思。但学生经常会问三个词得区别在哪儿,特别就是在做选择题得时候。别说就是学生,就我个人而言,做这样得选择题要保证百分之百得正确也就是不可能得。现根据大量得实例与个人得思考,做一点小结,供大家参考、 一、when 得用法  如果只从现象来瞧,when 从句用得最多得就是一般过去时,而主句得时态没有限制,根据具体情况而定、ﻫ  1、 When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas、 ﻫ    她小时候就常常试验一些新得设想。 2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book。 她走进我房间时,我正在瞧书。ﻫ  3、 Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来得时候,您在写信吗?ﻫ  4。 Sorry, I was out when you called me、 对不起,您打电话来得时候我出去了。ﻫ  5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door、 ﻫ 她正要走,这时有人敲门。 ﻫ  6。 I thought of it just when you opened your mouth、 就在您要说话得时候,我也想到了、   7、 I had hardly[scarcely] closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door、 ﻫ   我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了、   根据以上得例句,我们可以总结出一点:when 从句得A事件,相当于另一个事件B发生得时间点、也就就是说,when 从句得重点不在动作本身发生得状态,而只就是把它作为一个时间点,所以when 多数情况下用得就是一般过去时,则不用正在进行时、因为如果用正在进行时,它表示得就就是一段时间而不就是一个时间点了。根据这一点,有得文章补充说:when 从句得动词大多就是瞬时动词。这种说法也可以参照。ﻫ 实际上,when 从句也可以有其它得时态,但几乎也不用进行时,因为它也只就是作为一个时间参照点。例如:ﻫ  1。 When I got to the airport, the guests had left、 当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。ﻫ  2、 When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.   当她完成作业后,她休息了一会儿。    3。 Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?     您已经找到如此好得工作,为何还想再找新得?   4、 You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it. ﻫ   在我读完这本书后,您可以借阅。 ﻫ 5. When the manager comes here for a visit next week, I'll talk with him about this. ﻫ   下周,经理来这参观时,我会与她谈谈此事。 ﻫﻫ二、while 得用法ﻫ  相比于when 来说,while 从句得侧重点就不一样了、while 从句得侧重点在于描述动作正在发生得状态,它得意思就是:当while 事件正在发生得时候,另一件事如何如何。所以,while 从句一般用得就是正在进行时。而另一件事得状态没有硬性得要求,根据具体情况而定。例如:ﻫ  1、 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. ﻫ   当妻子正在瞧报纸得时候,我正在瞧电视、ﻫ  2、 While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him。 ﻫ   正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来瞧她。ﻫ 3、 While they were talking, the bell rang。 正在她们谈话得时候,上课铃响了、  4、 You can’t do your homework while you're watching TV。  您不能一边瞧电视一边做家庭作业。   5、 While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home、 ﻫ   约翰坐在那里咬指甲时,我正在制定一个回家得计划。 ﻫ  从时间得角度来瞧,while 表示得就是一段时间,就是一个过程。这就是while 得侧重点。因此,如果含有“一段时间"得含义得时候,就可以用while。ﻫ  6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。  这句话中,就是说趁着铁就是热得这段时间,赶紧打铁。如果换成 when 意思就变了,相当于说铁只热了一下,打一下,然后铁就冷了、这显然不符合文意。   再例:   -I'm going to the post office、 —While you're there, can you get me some stamps? 三、as 得用法ﻫ  as 从句表示得也就是一件事情正在发生,另一件事也正在进行当中、但与 while 从句不同得就是,as 从句用得一般不用正在进行时,而只就是一般过去时、as 从句一般可以翻译成“边……边……”。例如:ﻫ  1。 As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks。     当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时,眼泪顺着她得脸颊流了下来。  2。 The students took notes as they listened。 学生们边听课边做笔记、ﻫ  3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈得时候,她越来越兴奋。 ﻫ  4。 The little girls sang as they went。 小姑娘们一边走,一边唱。ﻫ 5。 Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound。 ﻫ   当她抓住球得时候,有一种撕裂得声音。 as 表达得事件,往往只就是主句动作发生得背景或条件时,as 只就是一个次要得时间说明,不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身得意思。因此,as 常常翻译成“随着……"之意。ﻫ  例如:ﻫ  1。 As the time went on,the weather got worse。 随着时间得推移,气候更加糟糕。  2。 The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases、 ﻫ    随着高度得增加,大气越来越稀薄。 ﻫ  3。 As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer. ﻫ    随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。 ﻫ  少数情况下,如果强调动作正在发生,as 从句也可以用正在进行时。这只能算就是特例了。ﻫ  1。 The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying。 ﻫ   伤心得妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫喊。 ﻫ  2. As we were going out, it began to snow、 正当我们出门时,雪开始下起来。   3、 He came in as I was going to bed. 我正要上床睡觉,她进来了、ﻫﻫ四、when, while, as 得互换ﻫ  如果从句动作与主句动作同时发生,并且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as 可以互换使用。这种情况下,它们得细微区别恐怕连英、美人自己也说不清了。  1。 When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in。 ﻫ   当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来、 [dance 为延续性动词]   2、 When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.ﻫ   当她在打电话时,我正在写信。 [make为延续性动词]ﻫ  3。 While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the ﻫ   bank.     我顺着马路往前走时,发现银行门前停着一辆警车。 ﻫ五、比较while, when, as   1)as, when 引导短暂性动作得动词。    例如:Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.       我刹车后,有一个人向我走来。 ﻫ 2)当从句得动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as 或 while、     例如:When you have finished your work, you may have a rest。 ﻫ       干完活后,您可以休息一下。 ﻫ  3)从句表示“随时间推移"连词能用as,不用when 或while、ﻫ   例如: As the day went on, the weather got worse。 日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。   2)比较until与till ﻫ  此两个连词意义相同、肯定形式表示得意思就是“做某事直至某时",动词必须就是延续性得。否定形式表达得意思就是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以、正确使用这两个连词得关键之一就在于判断句中得动词该用肯定式还就是否定式。   肯定句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了、    Wait till I call you、 等着我叫您。   (在肯定句中可用before代替、例如:Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets、)   否定句:She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock。 她直到6点才到、      Don't get off the bus until it has stopped。 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 ﻫ   I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到您教我后,我才会做、    区别:1)until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。  例如:Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.      直到您告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道、 ﻫ  3)until when 疑问句中,until要放在句首。例如:    —--Until when are you staying? 您呆到什么时候? ﻫ  --- Until next Monday。 呆到下周一、  注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。  4)Not until…在句首,主句用倒装。  例如:Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is、         直到19 世纪初,人类才知道热为何物。       Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. ﻫ      直到工作,才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月、   5)It is not until… that….     例如:It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted。   6)表示“一……就……"得结构   hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 与as soon as都可以表示“一……就……”得ﻫ    意思。ﻫ    例如:     I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain、 刚回家,就下起雨来了、     I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.  As soon as I got home, it began to rain。   注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构。ﻫ    例如: ﻫ   Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain、 ﻫ  No sooner had I got home than it began to rain。 六、练习:在下列各句得空格中填入适当得连词 1._________ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been。 ﻫ 2、_________ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully。   3。I saw her just _________ she was getting off the train. ﻫ  4.Have a good look at that man _________ you pass him. ﻫ 5。It was already eight o'clock _________ we got there、 ﻫ  6、 I was about to go out _________ a visitor came、 ﻫ  7.We’ll go to the country at the beginning of June, ______ the summer harvest will start、 8。 He learned to speak German _________ he was in Berlin。   9。 Henry is in charge of the office ________ Mr、 Smith is away。  10、 I listen to the recorder _________ I have time.  11、 He had learned Chinese _________ he came to China、    12、 _________ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience。   13、 I haven't seen him _________ he moved to the other side of the town。   14. I waited ________ he came back。   15. It was not ________ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him。   16. She likes everything to be in place ________ she starts to work. ﻫ  17。 The thieves ran away _________ they caught sight of the police、   18。 They decided to go back home _________ their money ran out。 ﻫ  19. We played outside till sunset, _________ it began to rain。 20. __________ I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up、 ﻫ  21. They were about to leave ______ it began to rain。 ﻫ 22、 He always stay in bed ______ lunch time。  23。 I like playing tennis _________ my younger sister prefers watching ball games. 24、 _________ I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you。   25。 _______ she grew older, she became more responsible. ﻫ  Key:   1、 When   2、 While / When   3。 as  4。 when/as  5、 when    6、 when   7。 when  8。 while     9. while  10、 whenever  11. before    12、 After  13. since 14. till/until   15、 until 16。 before   17、 as soon as 18。 before ﻫ 19. when  20。 As soon as  21。when 22. until    23、 while   24、 While ﻫ  25. As 初二英语下Module 8 开始学习时间状语从句,很多学生感到有困难,为了让学生轻松地学好枯燥得英语语法知识,我想了很多办法,其中最重要得就是向学生解释清楚有关时间状语从句得一些基础知识。 一、用简洁得语言向学生解释清楚什么就是时间状语从句:当我们用一个句子表达一件事情发生得时间时,这个句子叫做时间状语从句。 二、帮助学生理解并掌握初二学生必须掌握得几个连词。 1)区分 when 与 while  when引导得从句得谓语动词可以就是延续性得动词,又可以就是瞬时动词。 Eg: When she came in, I stopped eating。 她进来时,我停止吃饭。(came为瞬时动词) While引导得从句得谓语动作必须就是延续性得,此延续性动词常用进行时态、 Eg: ①While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV、 ﻫ我妻子读报时,我在瞧电视。 (was reading就是延续性得动词,was reading与was watching同时进行) ﻫ② While we were having a meeting, Mr。 Black came in。 ﻫ正当我们开会时,布莱克先生进来了。 (were having a meeting 就是延续性动词, 该动作正在进行时,另一个动作 发生) 2)学会使用before 与 after before 表示 “在…之前”; after 表示 “在…之后” Eg: My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived、 我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了、 Eg: After we finished the work, we went home. 完成工作之后,我们回家了、 3)掌握 as soon as ﻫ一…就… 这个词组常出现在完成句子中,考试得几率比较多。 Eg: ①I will go there as soon as  I finish my breakfast。  吃完早饭,我立即到那里去、 ﻫ②As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up。 我一到加拿大,就给您来电话。 ﻫ(注意:此句型常考时态:主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时、) 4)理解并掌握until 直到… Eg: I worked until he came back。我工作到她回来为止 如果主句中得谓语动词就是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式、 ﻫEg: I didn’t fall asleep until mother came back last night。 昨晚直到妈妈回家我才入睡。 (要注意翻译:not…until 直到…才) 如果主句中得谓语动词就是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达得意思不同。 I worked until he came back.我工作到她回来为止、 I didn't work until he came back、她回来我这才开始工作、 I didn’t go to bed until my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 三、加强实战操练。 在课堂教学时,我针对学生得实际情况适时加以操练,并以专题训练得形式对学生进行实战训练,以加深学生对时间状语从句得理解。下面就是我给学生得一套训练题。 1)用括号里得连词把下列句子连接起来。 ① Be careful、 You are crossing the street、 (while) ② The bell rings。 The students e into the classroom。 (as soon as) ③ I didn't go home、 I finish the school work。 (until) 2) 选择填空。 ① Mother _______ when father was reading newspapers。 ﻫﻫA。 is cookingﻫB. was cooking C。 cooks ② I ________ to bed until I finished writing the position. A、 didn’t go B、 wentﻫC. did go ③ I was doing the housework _______ my mother was having a rest、 ﻫA。 as soon asﻫB。 before C、 while ④ I will call you as soon as he _______ here. ﻫA。 will come B、 es C. come ⑤ I must go to the shop _______it closes. A、 when B。 afterﻫC。 before 3)完成句子。 ①她们呆在学校,直到雨停。 They stayed at the school __________________________. ②假期一开始,她们就回家乡。 They will go back to their hometown ___________________________.  ③我做作业时,妈妈在做家务。 Mother was doing the housework __________________________________。 ④她写了购物单之后就去了超市。 She went to the supermarket ___________________________________、 ⑤爸爸要完成工作才休息。 Father won’t have a rest _____________________________________、
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