(英语)高考英语阅读理解及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案).pdf

（英语）高考英语阅读理解及其解题技巧及练习题（英语）高考英语阅读理解及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school.There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball teamall ofthem starters.They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for therest of this season.They were there to admit their breaking of team rules.They were there tosupport their coachs decision to take them off the team.They were there to let the town knowthere was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed.And they did it withsincere regret rather than defensiveness.While the school had been out for the New Years holiday,the five girls had gone to the partywith several of their friends.There was alcohol there.And they all drank some.Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was ahard decision to make.When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared,rumors about the five girls began closing in on them.The coach said she couldnt back down onher rules.And the playerstwo junior students and three senior studentsagreed.That night inthe gym was part of their public support of the coachs decision.“We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids.What we did was definitely not worthit.We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem inour community,”one of the senior students said,“And if you w ork with us to try to solve thisproblem,you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.”The five left the floor to deafening applause.The team may not win another game this year.But theyve learnt something about personalresponsibility,the effect of ones action on others,and honesty that will serve them wellthroughout life.（1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were_.A.very good players on the teamB.addicted to alcohol and drugsC.three junior students and two senior studentsD.scolded by their parents for drinkingalcohol（2）What did the girls do to support their coachs decision?A.They didnt fight for Danville High School any more.B.They all gave speeches to apologizein the local press.C.They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium.D.They would never drink anyalcohol throughout their life.（3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville?A.Indifferent.B.Strict.C.Stubborn.D.Cruel.（4）Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Growing up with painB.A bad mistakeC.Team rules are everything D.Basketball girls in high school【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，五个女孩在假期期间违反团队纪律喝酒，教练对于队员破坏纪律零容忍，责令她们离开团队。五个女孩接受了处罚，并做出了公开道歉。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Theywere thereto admit theirbreakingof team rules.They were there to support their coachs decision to take them off the team.They were there tolet the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed.And theydiditwithsincere regretratherthan defensiveness.They were thereto admit theirbreaking of team rules.They were there to support their coachs decision to take them off theteam.They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community thatneeded to be addressed.And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness.”可知，这几个女孩是很好的队员，她们勇敢承认了违反了团队纪律，并支持教练把她们开除出队的决定。故选 A。(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The setting was a packed gymnasium just before thestartof a game against another school.”和“They were there to support their coachs decision to takethem off the team.”以及第二段中的“That night in the gym was part of their public support ofthe coachs decision.”可知，这些女孩在体育馆公开承认错误来支持教练的决定。故选C。(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance ruleon drugs andalcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make.”和“The coach said she couldntback down on her rules.”可推断，教练对于队员吸毒喝酒零容忍，坚持将这个五个女孩从团队除名，因此推断她是严厉的。故选B。(4)考查主旨大意。文章讲述了五个女孩因为喝酒被开除出篮球队的故事，文章最后一段对这件事情做了总结，因此可知文章主要想告诉读者这些女孩通过这件事学会了负责任，了解了自己的行为对他人的影响，诚实会让她们一生受益。因此推断 A 项“在痛苦中成长”为最佳标题。故选 A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Anew studysuggests a link between exposureto greeneryand reduceddesires foralcoholcigarette and junk food.The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature anddesires and negative emotions.Researchers at the University of Plymouths School of Psychologysurveyed 149 respondents(应答者)aged 21 o 65 about the proportion(比例)of green space intheir neighborhood,the presence of green views from their home,their access to a garden andhow often they use public green space.The study also asked questions about experiences withdepressionand anxiety,as well as desiresfor thingslikecaffeine,alcoholand nicotine.Participants rated the intensity(强度),imagery,and intrusiveness(侵扰性)of their desires on an11-point scale.Researchers found the presence of visible green space contributed to decreased desires forjunk food.The effect was particularly noticeable when more than 25 percent of a respondentsview was greenery.Previous scholarship(学术研究)has dealt mostly with exercise in nature:A 2015 study out ofthe University of Michigan found 90-minute group nature walks were effective at combattingdepression and relieving other mood disorders.But for people who struggle with accessibility ordont have time for a 90-minute walk,this new study suggests just looking out a window at a treecan help fight off a bad habit.It has been known for some time that being outdoors in nature is linked to a persons well-being,lead author Leanne Martin said in a statement.But for there to be a similar associationwith desires from simply being able to see green space adds a new dimension to the previousresearch.A 2018 study from Denmarks Aarhus University for example,found that.Having access togreen space throughout childhood decreased a persons risk of developing mental healthproblems as an adult.（1）What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?A.The results of the new study.B.The purpose of the new study.C.The significance of the new study.D.The content of the new study.（2）What does the underlined word combatting in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Reducing.B.Developing.C.Understanding.D.Encouraging（3）According to the passage,the new study _.A.mainly referred to exercise in natureB.has enriched the previous research to some degreeC.was carried out by the University of MichiganD.found exposure to greenery helped cure mental problems（4）n which section of a newspaper may this passage appear?A.EntertainmentB.Business WorldC.Tech&ScienceD.Environment【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究成果-多看绿色植物和吃垃圾食品这两者看似风马牛不相及，可研究结构却表明它们之间存在着一种奇妙的关系：多看绿色植物能帮助人们克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。（1）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“Researchers surveyed 149 respondents aged 21 o 65about the proportion of green space in their neighborho od”研究人员调查了年龄在2165 岁之间的 149 名参与者小区内的绿植比例；以及“The study also asked questions aboutexperiences with depression and anxiety”研究中还问了与抑郁及焦虑有关的问题 等可知，第二段主要介绍了新研究的调查内容，故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据常识可知，在大自然中散步对人体有各种各样的好处，再结合句中出现的“relieving other mood disorders(缓解其他情绪紊乱)”不难推断出，combattingdepression 应表示“减轻抑郁”。故选 A。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“adds a new dimension(方面)to the previousresearch”为以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研究在某种程度上丰富了之前的研究成果。故选 B。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一项科学研究的研究成果，所以该文章最有可能出现在“技术与科学”版块。故选 C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 On average,Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronicdevices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors.That is a claim made by David Strayer,aprofessor of psychology at the University of Utah.In his 2017 TED Talk,Strayer explained that allthis time spent with technology is making our brains tired.Using an electronic device to answer emails,listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lotof pressure on the front of the brain,which,Strayer explains,is important for critical(有判断力的)thinking,problem-solving and decision-making.So,it is important to give the brain a rest.And being in naure,Strayer claims,helps get a tiredbrain away from too much technology.More than 15,000 campers from around the worldattended an international camping festival in September.That is when friends and family taketime off and escape to nature for several days.They take walks,climb,explore,swim,sleep,eatand play.Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.Take Carl for example.He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping.He says that stayingoutdoors makes him feel at ease.It also prepares him for the work he must do.Kate Somers isanother example who also lives in West Virginia.She says she enjoys camping with her husbandand two children.She calls it a“regenerative”experience.At the University of Utah,David Strayer has studied both short-term and long-term exposure tonature.He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calmthe brain and helps it to remember better.However,he found,it is the long-term contact withnature that does the most good.He and his research team found that spending three days innature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.（1）What is David Strayers opinion?A.Americans dislike outdoor activities.B.Electronic equipment should be quitted.C.New technologies are a double-edged sword.D.Electronic equipment brings great convenience.（2）Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors?A.To try another lifestyle.B.To refresh our brain.C.To make better decisions.D.To play with our family and friends.（3）What does the underlined word“regenerative”mean?A.Reborn B.Memorable C.Remarkable D.Tiring（4）Which is the proper title for the passage?A.Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain.B.Good Rest Develops Good Memory.C.Tips on Using New Technologies.D.Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文，主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息。（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Using an electronic device to answer emails,listen to the newsand look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain可知，电子产品和网络信息给我们带了方便，也给我们大脑产生了巨大的压力，故可知，科技是一把双刃剑，故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据第三段So,it is important to give the brain a rest.And being in nature,Strayer claims,helps get a tired brain away from too much technology.可知，亲近大自然，可以让我们疲惫的大脑远离科技产品，让大脑获得休息，故选B。（3）词义猜测题。根据前文 Take Carl for example.He lives in West Virginia and enjoyscamping.He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease.It also prepares him for the workhe must do.可知，喜欢露营，呆在户外让他感到轻松，能够为必须做的工作做好准备，故可知这个过程是一个再生的过程，让大脑休息的过程，故选A。（4）主旨大意题。本文主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 The Maltese Islands are rich in Neolithic(新石器时代的)sites.Ggantija in Gozo,Tarxien,andthe Hagar Qim/Mnajdra Complex here on Maltas south coast are perhaps the most well-known.These piles of stones are some of the earliest known manmade structures in the world.They areshowing their age a bit but what would you expect for buildings that are five and a half thousandyears old.My house was built in the year 2000 and is already in bad condition round the edges.These temples are older than the pyramids!In my opinion the temples are best seen after the visitors have left.Come with me for a lateafternoon walk down the hill past Hagar Qim towards the Mnajdra Complex.There are chain linkfences around the temples now but we can ignore those and try to image why Maltas earliestpeople went to the trouble of building these structures on this windy and poor hillside.Of course the temples would have looked rather different when they were constructed.Theymay have been decorated with pigments and possibly even roofed with animal skins or othermaterials.Who knows?We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1,000-yearperiod or so.Getting to Mnajdra and Hagar Qim is easiest if you have a car.Or if you dont mind a hike,youcould get a bus to Qrendi(3 km away)or Zurrieq(5 km away)and walk from there.Warning:although the distances are not too great,walking several kilometers in the Maltese sun can bevery hard and possibly dangerous.Take water and sunscreen.（1）What makes the writer wonder about the temples?A.Their history.B.Their appearance.C.How they were built.D.When they were built.（2）What are we aware of about the construction of the temples?A.They have been transformed.B.They look the same as before.C.They were carefully designed.D.They are not what they used to be.（3）How can we admire the sites getting least sunburn?A.By hiking there.B.By riding a car.C.By taking water.D.By taking a bus.（4）Where can we possibly find this article?A.In a political speech.B.In a historical fiction.C.Ina travel magazine.D.In a geography text book.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。马耳他群岛拥有丰富的新石器时代遗址，尤其是马耳他群岛的寺庙建筑群最为著名。（1）推理判断题。根据描述可知，作者在第一段对寺庙的期待。第二段对寺庙外围的描述，第三对寺庙可知，作者认为寺庙不是原来建的样子。文章大部分是对寺庙的外观进了描述，可见作者对其外观感到好奇，故答案选B 项。（2）推理判断题中的（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。答案需要从文章的根据第三段Of course the temples would have looked rather different when they were constructed.Whoknows?We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1,000-year period or so.进行推断。根据第二段的 We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1,000-yearperiod or so.可知我们知道在过去的1000 多年它们被改变过，被扩建过，即现在的寺庙不再是它们以前的样子了。题干What are we aware of about the construction of the temples?文章内容 We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1,000-year period orsochanged and added to over a 1,000-year period or so.D 选项 They are not what they usedto be.故答案选 D。（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，去那儿可以开车很容易。如果不介意走一会的话，你可以乘公共汽车到 Qrendi（3 公里）或 Zurrieq（5 公里），然后从那里步行。当然，尽管路途不远，在马尔他阳光下行走数公里可能非常困难，也可能是危险的。要喝水和涂防晒霜。分析开车直接去几乎不用晒太阳，故 B 正确。选项 A、D 都要走路，会晒伤，文中说要多喝水，而非带水就不会晒伤，C 错误。因此 B 符合题合题意。（4）推理判断题。本文主要对了马耳他群岛的风景点作了简单的介绍，所以文章应该出出在旅游杂志上。故答案选C。【点评】推理题的解题方法1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。2.整合全文（段）信息进行推断。3.利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。4.根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。5.根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。6.结合已有的知识进行推断。5阅读理解 Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later?Exerciseearly in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain,in rats at least.This is an animal study,but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important一not just for physical development,but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive（认知的）development during ageing,says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto,Canada.Inhumans,it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers symptoms（阿兹海默氏症）,possibly to thepoint of preventing them.Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups,and placed running wheelsin the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months laterwhen the rats hadreached middle agethe team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in aspecific box.When placed in the box,they froze with fear.Two weeks later,the team tested the rats in three situations:exactly the same box in the sameroom,the same box with the room arranged differently,and a completely different box in adifferent room.The rats without access t