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初中英语语法必备.doc

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          初中英语语法专题 专题一:词汇部分(名词、数词、冠词) A:名词专项 可修饰名词得常用词: 1) 修饰可数名词与不可数名词:some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 2) 饰可数名词得有:many, (a)few, a large (great) number of 3) 只修饰不可数名词得有:much, (a)little, a great deal of   2、难点 1)名词所有格得归纳 1、a student’s room, students' rooms, father’s shoes。 2、Children's Day 3、a friend of my father’s 4、a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey,a boat's length,two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。 (说明:表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词得所有格要用 's) 5、a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。 (说明:无生命名词得所有格则必须用of结构) 6、Li Lei and Wang Fei's bedroom, an hour and a half's talk (说明:表示两个名词共有一样东西时,在第二个名词后面加’s) 7、Jim’s and Peter’s desks; Joe's and David's books (说明:表示两个名词各有得东西时,在各个名词后都加's。) 2)名词词语辨析 区别部分名词词语辨析: I. voice, noise, sound, music II. home, house, family, country     III. place , floor, room , ground IV. work, job 3、易错点 1)Help yourself to _________. A、 some chickens  B。 a chicken  C、 some chicken   D。 any chicken 答案: C (选择A得同学要注意chicken当鸡肉讲时不可数) 2)________ it is today! A. What fine weather    B。 What a fine weather  C. How a fine weather  D. How fine a weather 答案: A、 (选择B得同学要注意weather不可数. 选择C与D得同学要注意weather就是名词, 要用what来感叹.) 3) Which is the way to the __________? A、 shoe factory B。 shoes factory C、 shoe’s factory  D。 shoes’ factory 答案: A。 (选择D得同学注意这里不就是指名词所有格, 而就是名词作形容词得用法、类似得用法如: pencil box; school bag等。) 4) This class ________ now。 Miss Gao teaches them.ﻫA。 are studying B、 is studying    C、 be studying   D。 studying 答案: A、 (选择B得同学要注意, 当这种概念名词当 “人”讲得时候要做复数处理、类似得还有: the police are running after the thief等)ﻫ第二部分:强化练习 一、单项选择 1、基础题 1. --—What would you like to drink, ________ or orange? —-—Orange, please. A。 hamburger B、 chip   C、 coke D。 icecream 2.--— They are thirsty。 Will you please give them ______ ?   --- Certainly.  A。 some bottles of waters   B。 some bottles of water C. some bottle of water     D。 some bottle of waters 3、The ________are going to fly to Beijing。 A。 Germen   B。 Germany   C、 Germanys   D。 Germans 4、What's your _______ for being late again?  A、 idea   B。 key   C. excuse   D、 news 5.——- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly。   ——- But I think we should let _______ go out first。 A。 woman and children   B。 women and child  C、 woman and child      D。 women and children 6。--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_______ ”on the door of his shop、   —-- Thanks. A。ENTRANCE       B、BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP    D。NO SMOKING 7.Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?  A. Children’s Day    B、 Childrens’s Day C。 Childrens Day      D、 Children Day 8.     are cleaned every day. A。 Our classroom of windowsB。 Our classroom windows C. Our classroom of windowsD. The windows of our classroom  9。There is still    orange here, but     people want to drink it。 A。 little, little  B、 a little, fewC。 a little, a few  D. a few, little   10。I have never read any books of      。 A. Luxun's B、 Mark Twain  C. Charles Dickens  D、 Bill Gates 1、 提高题 1。Twelve     were hurt, but no    were lost in that accident、 A。 person, life  B. people, livesC。 peoples, lives D、 persons, life 2. One of the family       on the bed、 A。 photos is  B、 photoes areC、 photos are  D。 photoes is  3、There are some foreigners talking in the room。 They are two   ,three    and two      . A. Japanese; Englishmen; GermansB、 Japanese; Englishman, German C。 Japaneses; Englishmen, GermansD。 Japanese, Englishmen, Germen  4、The sign “BUSINESS HOURS” can be seen in a  。 A、 shop B。 schoolC。 park  D。 museum  5。    mother made them have piano lessons、 A。 Peter and Anne B。 Peter’s and Anne'sC. Peter’s and Anne D、 Peter and Anne's   6、-Please help me move the table in. -But there is not enough   for it. A。 place  B。 floorC. room  D、 ground       7、These _________ have saved many children's lives。   A。 woman doctors        B。 women doctor   C。 women doctors       D。 woman doctor 8、Yesterday Xiao Min bought a new pair of    、It is made of  、 A。 glass; glass B. glasses; glass  C。 glasses; glasses D。 glass; glasses 9、—How does Mr Smith go to his office? —Every morning he takes a     to his office、 A、20 minutes walk B、20 minute's walkC。20 minute walk  D.20 minutes' walk   10。 I went to the    shop to buy a dictionary、 A、 book B。 books C、 book's D、 books'  11.-Do you think selling vegetables   ? -Yes, but my mother likes it very much。 A。 is a hard work  B、 are hard workC、 is hard work D。 is hard job   12.You should take more _______. Don’t always sit at the desk busy doing your_______、   A. exercise, exercise    B。 exercises, exercises  C。 exercises, exercise  D、 exercise, exercises 13。She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has bee her second_______ 。  A、 home   B。 family  C. house  D。 country 14。_____ day we’re having today! A。 What a fine B。 How fine C、 What fine a D、 What fine 15、What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______? A、 two-months holiday  B、 two months’ holidays C. two-month holiday   D、 two month’s holiday 16、一Where is David? 一Oh, he is reading___ under the tall tree in the garden. A.several papers B、several paper C.a piece of paper D、a paper 17.一The Internet is so convenient that we can get all ________we wanted. -That’s right、 It is very helpful in our lives now、 A。the information    B。an information  C.the informations    D.information 18。——- What about Mr。Black’s speech?   -—- Wonderful! There were ____ people there、 A、 a large number of B。much C。a great deal of  D、 lots 二、综合填空 Yesterday my mother went into a shop to buy some fruit and v 1 .She put her basket and her handbag down on a table and went to buy some apples. She was going to pay them when she found the handbag was gone! The basket was on the table, but the handbag was not。 My mother was very surprised。 Suddenly there was a lot of n 2  at the door of the shop, and two p 3 came in. They were holding a man and my m    4  bag. One of them asked my mother how m   5   money she had. B:数词专项 第一部分:知识点分析 一、基数词ﻫ1)基数词读法: 年,月,日,时刻得读法,如2007年六月十三日读作:June (the) thirteenth, two thousand and seven (主要体现在口语考试与听力题目中) 2)表示一个具体数字时,hundred, thousand, million, billion一律不用复数;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如: There are three thousand students in our school、 After the war, thousands of people became homeless、 3)在一些表示”一排"或"一组”得词组里;ﻫ如:They arrived in twos and threes. 她们三三两两得到达了、ﻫ4)表示”几十岁”, 例如:He died still in his forties.ﻫ5)表示”年代”,用 in +the +数词复数; 二、序数词 1)序数词主要用作定语,前面要加定冠词,例如: The first truck is carrying a foot baskets. 2)序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一",“又一”这样得意思,例如: We'll have to do it a second time、 3) 注意较为容易拼写错误得序数词及其缩写形式:one—-—first, two-—-second, three—-—third, five-——fifth, eight-—-eighth, nine——-ninth, twelve—-—twelfth、 缩写形式:first→1st          second→2nd  third→3rd           fourth→4th   twenty-second→22nd 4) 表示分数时,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时,分母加—s。例如: three fourths, one second, two fifths 2、难点 倍数表示法 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj、 + asﻫI have three times as many as you. 我有您三倍那么多。ﻫ3、易错点 1. We will have a _________ holiday after the exam. ﻫA. two month B。 two-month C。 two month’s D、 two—months 答案: B (选择C得同学要注意应用two months'; 选择D得同学要注意名词之间有 “— “ 后得组合词当作形容词来用, 因此就不用所有格形式了。) 2. 。_______ trees are cut down in the forests every year.ﻫA、 Thousand  B. Thousands C、 Thousand of  D。 Thousands of 答案: D、 (选择C得同学注意词组记忆得准确性) 3. Our sports meeting will be held ________.ﻫA。 on 24, Tuesday, April B、 in April 24, Tuesday C。 on Tuesday, April 24   D、 in April Tuesday 24 答案: C. (选B得同学就是受到中文得影响,要特别注意中英文得差异) May 20th,2002,the twentieth of May,2002 注意:带有数词得名词作定语时,一般用单数形式 a seven-year—old boy    4。 Our school will hold a sports meeting next week、 Tom and I will be in boys' . A.800—metres—race B。800-metres race C。800—metre race D。800 metre race   答案: C、 800来修饰race,有两种表达法,800-metre race或800 metres' race、  5。 I'm very hungry, I have eaten two cakes, would you please give me   one? A。 move B。 three C。 a third  D. the third   答案: C、 序数词前加不定冠词,表示“又一,再一”,表示another。   6、  of the land in the world is covered by water、 A、 Four three B。 Three four C。 Three fourth D。  Three fourths 答案: D、 此题考查分数得写法,如果分子大于1,分母用复数。  例6 We will have   holiday in the winter、 A、 four weeks  B、 a four—week  C. four week D、 a four weeks   答案: B. 此题为一个四星期得假期,数词+名词用作定语。  第二部分:强化练习 一、单项选择 1、 基础题 1。 -——How many workers are there in your factory?   -——There are two __________. A. hundreds B。 hundred C、 hundred of  D、 hundreds of 2、 About ________ students in our class can describe that place in English。 A. three—fifths  B。 three—fifth C。 third-five D、 third—fifths 3. --—Can you write the number eighty—five thousand, six hundred and twenty—six?   —-—Yes, it is __________、 A、 856620 B、 85626  C、 58662  D。 58626 4.. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _________。 A、 July 1, 1921     B、 October 1, 1949    C、 August 1, 1927     D、 May 1, 1922 5、、 _______ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics、 A。 Thousand  B。 Thousands C. Thousand of  D、 Thousands of 6。Mr Zhang teaches at Middle School、 A. a No。5 B.No、5 C. the No、5th  D、5th No  7、John lives on   floor、 A. twenty B. twentieth C。 the twentieth D。 the twentyth 8.He has worked on the farm for    years。 A、 two and half B、 two and a half C、 a half and two  D。 two halves and a   9。Xiao Mao and Da Mao are in 。 A。 team Fourth B、 the team Four C。 Team Four D. Four team  10.Sorry,   had been sold out. A、42 size  B、 Size 42   C。the 42 size  D。 the size 42   2、 提高题 1、It is said that SARS has killed more than ________ people worldwide。   A。 three hundreds   B。 three hundreds'    C。 three hundred's D、 three hundred 2、—What do you think of a war, Li Ming?   -I've no idea。 But it’s a fact that _______ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq.   A。 three millions B。 million of   C。 millions of    D。 several millions 3、 We all think that the _______ century will bring us more hopes。   A、 twenty-first      B。 twentieth-first   C。 twenty-one     D. twentieth-one 4. Both of the two rulers are broken。 I want to buy a _______one。     A。 three  B。 third C. forth  D、 / 5. I heard the sports meeting has been put off until _______, hasn’t it?    A、 the 3 and 4  B、 the 3th and 4 th C、 the 3 rd and 4 th D。 four and five 6。 _______ of the earth _______ made up of oceans. A。 Two—third; is    B、 Two—thirds; is   C。 Two-third; are   D. Two-thirds; are 7。 Since 1964, _______ satellites have been sent into space、 A、 dozens of     B。 four dozens     C. dozen of     D。 several dozens 8、 Jack Booth is a _______ man. A. 21-years-old  B. 21 years old     C. 21—year—old D. 21 year old 9、 I've lived here for about _______。 A. two and a half year       B、 two and a half years C. two year and a half     D. two years and half 10.-—-Dad, what’s the sea like?   -—-Well, it’s large and full of water、 It covers about _____ of the earth、   A、 one third     B、 three quarter  C、 three—fourth    D、 three quarters C:冠词专项 第一部分:知识点分析 归纳1:不定冠词 1) a与an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物 2) 指某一类人或事物中得任何一个 3) 指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或与物 4) 表示“每一”得意思,相当于every 归纳2: 定冠词 1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物 2) 指说话人与听话人都熟悉得人或事物 3) 上文提到过得人或事物 4) 表示世界上独一无二得事物 5) 用在序数词与形容词最高级之前 6) 用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物 7) 用在某些专有名词之前与某些习惯用语中 8) 用在姓氏复数之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫妇” 9) 用于江湖、海洋、山脉、群岛得名称前面。 10) 用于演奏得乐器之前,活动场所或方向、方位之前、 归纳3: 不用冠词得情况 1)专有名词人名,地名,节日,月份,年份,星期与不可数名词(一般指物质名词与抽象名词)前一般不用冠词。  2)球类,棋类,语言,三餐,游戏名称与颜色前不加冠词、  3) 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any, no, each, every等代词作定语时,不用冠词。 4) 在表示家庭成员名称,称呼语,表示头衔或职务得名词前不加冠词。 5) 表示某一类人或事物得复数名词前。 归纳4:区别以下词组 at table           at the table                at desk          at the desk  at school        at the school        by sea   by the sea go to sea go to the sea           go to school       go to the school go to bed     go to the bed           go to hospital  go to the hospital  in class          in the class           in bed            in the bed   in prison       in the prison           in hospital      in the hospital in place of          in the place of   in case of      in the case of  in future   in the future            next year   the next year  on earth   on the earth            take place       take the place  in front of n the front of      out of question     out of the question  two of us /the two of us a teacher and writer a teacher and a writer 3、易错点 1 It's time for dinner。 Kings are at    table、 A. /,the B。 the, the  C. The,/ D./,/  答案: C。 在姓氏复数前用the表示一家人,就餐用at table。  2 —What do you usually have for breakfast? -I often have    bread and   milk。 A、/,/  B、/,the  C。 a,/ D、 the, the   答案: A、 物质名词前一般不用冠词、  3 Don’t give up, try for      second twice、 A。 the B. a C。/ D、 an   答案: B。 根据题意,请再试一次,序数词second前加a,表示another。  4 Would you go for    walk with me after supper? A。 the,/ B、 a,/  C。/,the D。/,a  答案: B。 go for a walk为固定搭配,三餐前不加冠词。  5 There isn’t water or air on the moon, and    man can’t live on it. A。 a B. the C、 one  D./  答案: D。 当man表示人类时,前面不加冠词、  6   more you read English,   better you'll learn. A。 The, the B、/,/  C. A, a  D、 The, a  答案: A。 定冠词the用于比较级中,表示越…,越…。  第二部分:强化练习 一、单项选择 1、基础题 一、 单项填空 1。More college graduates would like to work in   west part of our country______  next year、 A. the, the B、/,/  C。/,the D. the,/   2、He hit his sister in      face. A. the B. her  C。× D、 his   3、—Have you seen      book? I left it here this morning、 —Is it   Chinese book? I saw it、 A. a, the  B、 the, the C。 the, a D. a, a   4。There's     “u” and “s” in     word “use”、 A、 an, a, the B、 a, an,×  C. a, a, a D、 a, an, the   5。-Did you see my grandmother? -Oh, I saw      old woman sitting on a chair by the lake。 Maybe she is. A. a B。 an  C、 the  D、×  6、-Do you see      man with       dog?  -Oh, Yes,     dog is yellow。 A、 the, a, The  B. a, a, the  C. a, a, A  D、 a, the, A    7。     next morning, she went to     school without   breakfast。 A。 The, the, the B、 The,/,/ C、/,/,the D. The,/,the   8、—How do you like     film? -It's   very moving, I think、 A、 the, a  B. a, the C、 the,/ D./,the   9。—--What’s the matter with you?    —--I caught ________ bad cold and had to stay in ________bed、   A、 a;/  B。 a; the  C。 a; a  D。 the; the
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