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第二章 冠词
冠词就是置于名词前,对名词起限制作用得一种虚词、冠词可以说就是名词得一种标示,它不能离开名词而单独存在。
一.冠词得分类。
冠词分为不定冠词与定冠词。
(一)、不定冠词a/an。
(1)、a 用于辅音音素或半元音/j/、/w/开头得单词、例如:a pear ,a uniform , a one, yuan 。
(2)an 用于以元音音素开头得单词。例如:an apple, an hour,an honest boy 一个诚实得男孩。
2、不定冠词得用法。
(1)用于可数名词得单数形式前,表示“一",例如:
I have a new pencil—box.
(2)表示一类人或事物。
An elephant is strong、 大象就是强壮得。
(3)第一次提到得人或物,例如:
Look, a boy is crying in the street、
3、用于固定搭配得词组,例如:
have a look a lot of
have a good time a great deal of (+不可数名词) 大量
take a break a number of (+可数名词) 许多
take a walk a few (+可数名词)许多
in a hurry 急匆匆地 a few (+可数名词) 一些
half an hour 半小时 a little (+不可数名词) 一些
典型例题:
( ) There is ___________ “c” and ________ “m" in the world “classroom”。
A. a, a B. an, an C。 a, an D. an, a
正确答案 C
解题思路 c 得发音就是/si:/,属于辅音音素开头,前面应用a,而m得发音就是/em/,属于元音音素开头,前面应用an,所以C就是正确得,像这样以元音音素开头得字母还有:a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
二,定冠词 the
定冠词the可放在可数名词得单数或复数以及不可数名词得前面、
1. 定冠词the得用法
(1) 特指某些人或物,例如:
Give me the book。
(2)指前面提到过得人防或物,例如:
I have a dog。 The dog is white、
(3)指谈话双方都知道得人或事。
What do you think of the film。
(4)指宇宙独一无二得东西,例如: The earth ,The moon , The sun
The earth goes around the sun。
(5)用于单数名词前表示一类人或事,例如:
The horse is an useful animal。
(6)用在序数词与形容词最高级前加定冠词
January is the first month of the year。一月就是一年得第一个月份。
Who is the tallest boy in your classroom? 谁就是班上最高得男孩?
(8)用于方位与位置前。
at the top of…。。 在……得顶部
at the back of…。. 在……得后部
at the bottom of …。、 在……得底部
in the middle of ….、 在……得中间
(9)与"水"有关得名词,如海,洋,河,运河,湖。
the Changjiang River 长江 the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 , the Yellow Sea 黑海 he West Lake 西湖
(10))用于某些专有名词前,例如:
群岛,山脉 the Hawiian Islands 夏威夷群岛 the Alps(阿尔卑斯山)
报纸,杂志: the New York Times 纽约时报,the People’s Daily 人民时报
公共建筑物:the Great Wall长城, the White House(白宫)
朝代、时态:the Stone Age石器时代 , the Ming Dynasty 明朝
组织机构: the United Nations 联合国
(10)用于含有普通名词得专有名字,例如:
the United States of America 美利坚合众国
the People of Republic of China 中华人民共与国
the Summer Palace 颐与园
(11)用于姓氏复数姓氏前,表示一家人,例如:
The Wangs are having dinner now。姓王得一家正在吃晚餐
。
(12)用于乐器名词前,例如:
Play the piano/ the violin/the guitar 弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉她
(13)用于一些形容词或分词之前,表示某一类人,注意后面得动词要复数,例如:
the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the living 生者
The young should respect the old. 年轻人应该尊重老年人、
2. 用于固定搭配得词组。例如:
make the bed 铺床 at the beginning of 在……开始得时候
lay the table 摆餐具 in the end 最后
on the right/left 在右/左边 to tell the truth 说实话
by the way 顺便说法一下 in the morning/afternoon/evening
go to the cinema 去瞧电影 at the moment 此刻
on the whole 总之 in the least 一点
典型例句
( )____________ young lady by ________ window is my aunt、
A. The, a B。 A, the C、 The, the D。A, a
解析:the young lady 中得the 表示特指某人,by the window 中得the window 表示谈话双方都知道得就是事情。
一. 零冠词。
以下几种情况下不用任何冠词。
1. 在年份、季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间得名词之前,不加冠词、
January 一月 Sunday 星期日 National Day 国庆假 Christmas Day圣诞节 New Year’s Day 元旦 winter 冬天
2. 在国名,人名与地名前通常不加冠词,例如:
China 中国 Europe 欧洲 Linda 琳达
3. 一日三餐前不加冠词,例如:
All the students have lunch at school、 所有学生在学校吃午餐。
注意:三餐前不加冠词,但就是可以加形容词性得物主代词,例如:I had my breakfast at home this morning。今天早上我在加吃早餐、
4. 球类运动或游戏前不加冠词。例如:
play basketball/football/volleyball/tennis/ chess
6,可数名词复数形式前不加冠词,表示一类:
I like apples.
Rabbits are lovely、
7。表示交通工具或通讯方式得名词前不加冠词。
by bus/car/taxi/train/plane
on foot
by radio/telephone/ e—mail 通过收音机/电话/电子邮件
8、零冠词得固定搭配得词组,例如:
go to school 上学 at school
go to town 进城 at nigh 在夜晚
go to bed 睡觉 at noon 在中午
at home in hospital (生病)住院
典型例题
( )________ children are very happy on ________ Children’s Day、
A. The, the B。/,/ C。/,the D.A,/
I.在下列名词前加上a或an。
001.___________ eraser 011、___________ coat
002. ___________knife 012___________overcoat
003、 ___________hour 013、 ___________waiter
004. ___________tiger 014。 ___________actor
005. ___________orange 015。 ___________useful book
006。 ___________university 016。 _________interesting movie
007。 ___________melon 017。 ___________ant
008. ___________garden 018、 ___________spider
009。 ___________elephant 019、 ___________Chinese boy
010。 ___________fox 020。 ___________American girl
II。用a, an, the或/填空。
021. ____________ moon is bright in _____________ sky.
022。There is__________ orange skirt on ___________ bed。________ skirt is Mary’s.
023、John goes to ___________ town by __________ car every weekend.
024。Peter likes playing _______ football.
025.Jenny often plays ________ piano after ________ supper in the evening.
026、Where is your grandma? She is taking _______ walk in ____ garden、
027。Peter goes to ______ school at 7:30 every morning。
028。Where is your classroom? It’s on __________ third floor。
029。In some countries__________ the rich are getting richer and _________poor are
Getting poor、
030、My uncle has got a ________ dog and _______ cat。_________dog is white and
_________ cat is brown.
031.After _______supper, I often watch TV news for half __________ hour、
032。This is _________ shortest way to ____________ science Museum、
033。_________ boy in blue is _______ tallest student in my class。
034。At_______ top of the bookshelf, there is_________ old picture。
035.We’ll have __________ art lesson tomorrow afternoon。
III.选择填空。
( ) 036、 Let me have________ look、 It’s ___________ ant、
A. a, a B. a, an C、 the, an
( ) 037.________ sun rises in _________ east.
A. The, the B、A、 / C、A, the
( ) 038.By _____ way, it’s ________ only pen I have in my pencil-box.
A. The, / B。 the, the C、/, the
( ) 039。 We’ll have _________ English lesson in __________ afternoon。
A. an, / B。 a, the C、 an, the
( ) 040。 ___________ usually goes to church everyday、
A. The Brown B。 Browns C、 The Browns
( ) 041。________ Smiths e from _________ America、
A. The, the B. /,/ C、 The, /
( ) 042、 We play _________ badminton under ______ tree、
A. The, the B./,/ C、 a /the
( )043 Let’s go for _____ walk after ________ supper。
A. a, / B、 /, the C。 a, the
( ) 044、 We often play _________ basketball in ________ afternoon。
A. /, / B、 /, the C. the, the
( ) 045。 I have _________ uncle who lives in ________ Japan.
A. an, / B. a, the C、 an, the
( )046、 There is ________ “h” and __________ “d" in the word “hand”、
A. a, a B. an, an C、 an, a
( ) 047、 There is ________ old man at _______ school gate、
A. an, / B。 an, the C。 the, the
( ) 048。We shall be late if we don’t take ________ taxi.
A. the B. a C。/
( )049.He is ________teacher, ___________ English teacher。
A. a, an B。 a, the C. the, the
( ) 050、________ Shanghai is one of ___________ biggest cities in China。
A. The, the B、/, the C、/, a
( ) 051、 London is ___________ capital of ___________Britain。
A. the, the B、 the, / C. /, /
( ) 052、 What an __________ interesting story it is。
A. a B。 an C、 the
( ) 053、 It was _______hottest day in last summer and I went there by _____taxi。
A. /, the B。 the, a C. the, /
( ) 054。 ________ boy over there is from _______ korea.
A. The, / B。 A, / C、 The, the
( ) 055。 Jenny eats _______ egg and _________ glass of milk in the morning、
A. an ,an B。 a, a C。 an, a
( ) 056. _________ English teachers’ office in on _______f third book。
A. The, / B。 /, the C。 The, the
( ) 057、 The man took ______ bus to buy ______English book、
A. a, a B、 a, an C、 /, an
( ) 058、 —-- Where is ______ eraser?
——— Oh, it’s under _______ chair.
A. the, the B。 /, the C./, /
( ) 059、 We often play _________ table tennis after ________ school。
A. the, the B。 /, the C。 /, /
( ) 060、 Let’s go to _______ cinema this weekend , OK?
A. a B、 the C。/
IV、阅读短文,根据需要填入适当得冠词a, an 或the,在不需要处填/。
(1)
This is 061。 clock。 It's on 062 wall of my room. Maybe you don’t know it。 Now let me tell you something about it. It has two hand。 One is big, 063 other is short。 064 long hand is 065 minute hand and there are 60 minutes in 066 hour. 067 short hand is 068 hour hand and there are 24 hours in 069 day。 What time is it now? It’s eight o’clock。 I must do my homework now、 After that I will go to 070 bed. Goodbye、
(2)
My name is Mary、 I have no school today. I get up in 071 morning。 My parents and I go to 072 small village by 073 bus。 We visit 074 farmer's house、 075 farmer’s family is very glad to see us、 Their house is very big and clean、 It’s near a lake、 They can catch fish in 076。 lake、 There are some fruit trees behind his house and there is 077. vegetable garden。 Near 078 garden there is 079。 small house 。That’s for 080、 animals、 The farmer often sells his chickens, ducks, fish, and vegetables。
They are very busy but they are very happy、
V。完形填空、
(1)
What’s 081 most important thing is 082 world? I think it is to be happy。 We can live without money, house, cars or computers, but we can’t live 083。 happy life if we are not healthy、 Then how can we keep healthy?
First, we must eat healthily、 We should eat meat, vegetables, fruit and other kinds of food、 Taking exercise is also very important、 It can help us build 084. strong body If you don't like sports you can walk for half 085、 hour after 086。 meals。
Second, we must stay happy 087 。 I think making friends is on of 088。 best ways to help us to stay heathy、 Because when we are with our friends , we can share our happiness with them, or we can tell them of our worries。 Then we will be happy。
089。 , keeping healthy is very important 。 Let's 090、 of ourselves。
( )081。 A/ B. the C、a
( ) 082。 A。 the B。 a C、 /
( ) 083、 A. a B./ C。the
( ) 084。 A./ B。 a C。the
( ) 085。 A. the B。 a C、an
( ) 086. A、 a B、 the C、/
( ) 086、 A。 a B、 the C. /
( ) 087、 A. all time B. all the time C、 all a time
( ) 088。 A、 a B。 the C、 /
( ) 089. A. In word B。 In a word C. in the world
( ) 090、 A. take care B、 take the care C. take a care
Peter is one of my classmates. He is 091、___ honest boy and he is always to help others。 So he is our monitor、 He is good at 092___ maths. He won 093___. First prize in 094。___ maths completion last year and won honor for our class、 He like English、 His pronunciation was regarded as 095。 ___best in our school when he acted in 096。 English play this term. Peter also likes 097、_ sports, especially basketball. He often plays 098。__ Basketball with classmates after 099、___ School、 He can play it very well. He says he wanted to be 100。___ basketball player like Yao Ming in the future、
( ) 091、 A .a B. an C。 the
( ) 092、 A、 a B。 the C。/
( ) 093. A、 the B、/ C、 a
( ) 094、 A、 an B、 the C、/
( ) 095、 A。 / B. a C。 an
( ) 096、 A。/ B。 the C。 an
( ) 097. A、 a B、 the C. a
( ) 098. A。 a B。 the C、 /
( ) 099。 A。 the B。 / C、 a
( ) 100。 A. a B、 the
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