2021年人教版高一英语各单元知识点总结.doc

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit1-2
☆重点句型☆
1. What should a friend be like?询问对方看法
2. I think he / she should be…表达个人观点词语
3. I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games. 等表达喜好词语
4. Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes.
“when"作并列连词用法
5. What / Who / When / Where is it that...?强调句
特殊疑问句构造
6. With so many people communicating in English everyday,
... “with+宾语+宾补”构造做状语
7. Can you tell me how to pronounce...?带连接副词
(或代词)不定式做宾补用法
☆重点词汇☆
1. especially v. 特别地
2. imagine v. 想像
3. alone adv. / adj. 单独，孤单
4. interest n. 兴趣
5. everyday adj. 每天，寻常
6. deserted adj. 抛弃
7. hunt v. 搜寻
8. share v. 分享
9. care v. 在乎，关怀
10. total n. 总数
11. majority n. 大多数
12. survive v. 生存，活下来
13. adventure n. 冒险
14. scared adj. 吓坏
15. admit v. 承认
16. while conj. 但是，而
17. boring adj. 令人厌烦
18. except prep. 除……之外
19. quality n. 质量
20. favourite adj. 最爱慕
☆重点短语☆
1. be fond of兴趣
2. treat…as…把……看作为……
3. make friends with 与……交朋友
4. argue with sb. about / over sth. 与某人争论某事
5. hunt for寻找
6. in order to为了
7. share…with与……分享
8. bring in引进；赚钱
9. a great / good many许多…
10. have difficulty (in) doing做……有困难
11. end up with以……结束
12. except for除……之外
13. come about发生
14. make(a)fire生火
15. make yourself at home别拘束
16. the majority of大多数
17. drop sb. a line给某人写短信
18. for the first time第一次
19. at all主线；居然
20. have a (good) knowledge of…精通……
☆短语闯关☆
下列短语都是这两个单元学过重要短语，请你依照汉语在横线上填人一种对的词，每个词4分，80分才干过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关准备吗?那么咱们就开始吧?
l. be fond ____ 喜欢，兴趣 of
2. hunt ____ 搜索。追寻，寻找 for
3. in to ____ 为了 order
4. care ____ 紧张，关怀 about
5. such ____ 例如，诸如 as
6. drop sb a ____ 给某人写信(普通指写短信) line
7. make oneself at ____ 别客气 home
8. ____ total 总共 in
9. except ____ 除了……之外 for
10. stay ____ 不睡，熬夜 up
11. ____ about 发生 come
12. end ____ with 以……告终 up
13. bring ____ 引进，引来 in
14. a great ____ 许许多多，极多 many
15. be ____ 对……深感兴趣，深深迷上…… into
16. ____ the Internet 上网 surf
17. ____ classes 逃学，逃课 skip
18. get ____ 约会，相聚，汇集 together
19. be proud ____ 为……感到骄傲 of
20. keep an ____ on 照看，注意 eye
21. be curious ____ 对……感到好奇 about
22. shut ____ (使)住口 up
23. joke ____ 开玩笑 about
24. ____ the name of 以……名义 in
25. ____ the time 总是，始终 all
☆交际用语☆
1. I think…
I like / love / hate...
I enjoy...
My interests are...
2. Did you have a good flight?
You must be very tired.
Just make yourself at home.
I beg your pardon?
Can you tell me how to pronounce...?
Get it.
☆单词聚焦☆
1. argue v. 用法
▲构词：argument n. 1. [C]争论 2. [U]讨论．辩论3. [C]论据
▲ 搭配：
① argue with / against sb. over / on / about sth. 与某人 争论某事
② argue for / against sth. 辩论赞成／反对某事
③ argue that... 主张，以为，争辩说
④ argue sb into / out of doing sth. 说服某人做／不做某事
▲情谊提示：“说服某人做／不做某事”还可表达为：talk / persuade / reason sb. into / out of doing sth.
⑤ settle the argument 解决争端
▲情谊提示：an argument with sb about / over sth. 为某事和某人而发生争执
【考例】What laughing ____ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式细面条) from plate to mouth. (全国卷I)
A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments
[考查目的] argue名词形式词义。
[答案与解析] D argument词义是“争辩，辩论”。
2. compare v. 用法
▲构词：comparison n. 比较
▲搭配：① compare...to... 比拟；比作 ② compare... with / to... 将……和……相比较 ③ compare notes 对笔记；互换意见
【考例】 ____ with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (湖北)
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
[考查目的] compare用法。
[答案与解析] D 本句compare用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”意思。
3. consider v. 用法
▲构词：consideration n. 考虑，思考；体谅，顾及
▲搭配：① consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 ② consider sb (to be / as)... 以为／觉得某人……③ consider that- clause 以为…… ④ take sth into consideration 考虑 ⑤ under consideration 在考虑中
【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer. (NMET 1993)
A. to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented D. having invented
[考查目的] consider几种常用用法。
[答案与解析] C consider自身是被动语态时，后接不定式各种构造。如果表达已经发生事情．用不定式完毕形式。
4. deserted adj. 空无一人；被遗弃；被抛弃
(1) 空无一人a deserted street / area空无一人街道，地区；The office was quite deserted.办公室里空无一人。
(2) 被遗弃 a deserted child 被遗弃孩子
(3) desert ['dezot] n. 沙漠
desert [dI'zo:t] vt. 丢弃；遗弃
He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich.
5. difficulty n.
(1) difficulty (普通作复数) 难事，难点，难题She met with many difficulties when travelling.
(2) 在如下句型中，difficulty是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。
have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
干某事有困难
there is (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
have (some) difficulty with sth.
在某事上有困难
there is (some) difficulty with sth.
do sth. with difficulty / without difficulty 困难地／轻而易举地做某事
We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.
Do you have any difficulty with your English?
【注意】
(1) 以上句型中，difficulty前可加some，little，much，a lot of，no，any修饰
(2) 以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。
6. favourite = favorite (A. E) 最爱慕；最爱慕人或事物
(1) adj. 最爱慕My favorite sport is playing football.
(2) n. [C] 最爱慕人或事物He is a favorite with his uncle.
7. fun用法
▲构词：funny adj. 有趣．滑稽，好笑；奇特，古怪
▲搭配：
① make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；开某人玩笑
② (just)for / in fun = (just) for the fun of it 取乐，非认真地，说／做着玩
③ be full of fun…… 较好玩
④ have fun with sb. 和某人开一种玩笑
⑤ have (some) fun 玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心
⑥ It's (great) fun to do sth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心
⑦ What fun (it is) to do sth！干某事多么有趣呀!
⑧ have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很开心
【考例】 (200上海春招) This is not a match. We're play- ing chess just for ____.
A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game
[考查目的] fun构成短语for fun意思。
[答案与解析]C，for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩”。
8. imagine用法
▲构词：① imagination n. [C / U] 想像，想像力，想像事物 ② imaginative adj. 富有想像力
▲搭配：① imagine sth / doing sth ② beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地
【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter ___across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991)
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
[考查目的] imagine基本用法。
[答案与解析] C imagine后接动词-ing形式，本句Peter是这个动名词逻辑主语。
9. interest用法
interest vt. 使……感兴趣 n. 兴趣，兴趣 [U] 利息；利润 He has a great interest in politics. 她对政治极感兴趣。/ a broad interest 广泛利益 / a common interest 共同利益 / a strong interest 极强兴趣
▲构词：① interesting 令人感兴趣(事物) ② interested (某人对某事)有兴趣
▲搭配：① interest sb in sth 使某人注意，关怀或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣 ② be interested in 对……感兴趣(关怀) ③have an interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面有兴趣 (关怀)；在……中有股份、权益等 ④ hold one's interest 吸引住某人兴趣 ⑤ in the interest(s) of 为……利益；为……起见；对……有利 ⑥ lose interest in 对……不再感兴趣 ⑦ show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth. 对……表达关怀(有兴趣) ⑧ have / take / feel no interest in 对……不 (不太) 感兴趣 ⑨ with interest 有兴趣地，津津有味地 ⑩develop / find / feel interest in sth. / in doing sth. 在某方面培养／有兴趣 ⑪ lose interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面失去兴趣
有时interest可与不定冠词连用。He developed an interest in science.
此外：interest作“兴趣”解时，是可数名词。 His interests include reading and tennis.
【考例】____，they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance. (全国卷 II)
A. Interested B. Anxiously
C. Seriously D. Encouraged
[考查目的] interest派生词词义和用法。
[答案与解析] A interested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。
10. prove用法
▲构词：① proof n. 证据。实验，考验，(印刷)校样
▲搭配：① prove sth to sb 向某人证明…… ② prove to sb that 从句向某人证明…… ③ prove (oneself) to be 证明(自己)是，体现出
【考例】It was in the neighboring country — United States that such resistance to spray was first ____. (05长春模仿)
A. proved B. killed C. thought D. discussed
[考查目的] 考查prove意思。
[答案与解析] A 本题was proved意思是“得到证明”，有被动意味。
11. provide用法
▲构词：① provider n. 供应者，供应者，养家者 ② provided / providing conj. 倘若
▲搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 给……提供；以……装备
【考例】His son ____ the old man with all the food and the money he needed.
A. provided B. fed C. afforded D. charred
[考查目的]考查provide词义。
[答案与解析]A provide与with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。
12. share用法
▲搭配：① share (in) sth. with sth. 和某人分享、分担、共用某物 ② share sth (out) between / among... 将某物分派、分给…… ③ share joys / happiness and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦 ④ share one's opinion 批准某人意见
【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well，Clare — you must learn to ____. (NMET )
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
[考查目的] 此题重要考查在语境中选取动词能力。
[答案与解析] D 四个选项含义分别为：support 支持；care 在乎，关怀；spare 挤出(时间)，匀出某物；share分享，分担，与某人合用。依照语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享——把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题核心是信息play with your toys as well。故D为最佳答案。
13. solve用法
▲构词：solution n. 1. [C] (问题)解答；(困难)解决办法 2. [U] 解答，解决 3. [U] 溶解
▲搭配：the solution to 解决……办法
【考例3】In the end，one suggestion seems to be the solution ____ the problem. (北京春招)
A. with B. into C. for D. to
[考查目的] solve名词solution有关搭配。
[答案与解析] D “对于……解决办法”，介词用to。
14. total n. / adj. 所有()
(1) in total 加起来In total，there must have been 0 people there.
(2) a total of 总共His expenses (支出) reached a total of $100.
(3) the total of...……总数 The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars.
15. when conj.
when并列连词，= and then，表达“就在那时，突然”，常用如下句型中：
(1) be doing...when...正在做……突然……I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailor's shop.
(2) had done...when...刚做了……突然……I had just sat down when the light went out.
(3) be about to do...when...刚要做……突然……I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.
16. while conj.
(1) while从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句动作发生在从句动作发生过程之中。Come on，get these things away while I make the tea.
(2) 并列连词，表先后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而”。Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
(3) 放在句首，表达“尽管；虽然”，相称于although。While we don't agree，we continue to be friendly.
[牛刀小试1] 用所给单词恰当形式填空：
(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)
1. All the novels are considered ____ the young readers in the 1980s. (to have interested)
2. Bob thought it ____ to solve maths problems while others hated it. (fun)
3. The headmaster ignored the ____ between Mrs. Wang and his nephew. (argument)
4. We can't decide. The plan needs to be ____. (considered)
5. ____ with Class Two，ours has more boy students. (Compared)
6. I find a better way ____ this problem. (to solve)
7. Nearly half of the companies ____ the same opinion with the government. (share / shared)
【词语比较】
1. especially，specially
especially adv. 特殊地；特别是
(1)侧重于各种事物或人中比较突出。I like all the subjects at school，especially English. (特别是英语)
(2) especially 后可接介词短语或从句。I like the Yuelu Mountains，especially in spring. (特别是在春天) Noise is unpleasant，especially when you are trying to sleep.
specially 侧重特意地、专门地做某事 (背面常接for sb. 或to do sth.)
I made a chocolate cake specially for you.
2. boring，bored，bore
boring adj. 令人厌烦 The book is very boring.
bored adj. 感到厌烦 I'm bored with the book.
bore vt. 令人厌烦 This book bores me.
有些表达情感及物动词，有与bore类似用法。如：interest，excite，surprise，amaze，frighten，astonish，move，inspire，touch，scare，disappoint，puzzle，worry 此类词当前分词形式，为“令人……”；过去分词形式，为“感到……”。
3. except for，except，but，besides
表达“除了”词或短语有：except；but；except for；besides；except that (when...) 等。
(1) except 和 but 都表达“除了……之外。没有”，两者大多数状况下可以互换；但在no，all，nobody，nothing，no one 等词后多用 but。No one knows our teacher's address except / but him. (排除him)
(2) besides 除……之外，还……，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English?(English与other languages都属于know范畴)
(3) except for 只但是……，整体必定，某些修正，用于排除非同类事物，for表达细节上修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
4. know，know of，know about
(1) know 用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，结识，熟悉”。I don't know whether he is here or not. / I know him to be honest.
(2) know of和know about意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，两者没有什么区别。
5. for example；such as
(1) for example“例如”，用来举例阐明某一论点或状况。普通只举同类人或物中“一种”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用for instance替代。For example，air is invisible. / His spelling is terrible！Look at this word，for example.
(2) such as “例如”，用来列举事物，普通列举同类人或事物中几种例子。插在被列举事物与前面名词之间，as背面不可有逗号。Some of the European Languages come from Latin，such as French，Italian and Spanish.
[注意]如把前面所述状况所有举出，用that is或namely。
☆短语归纳☆
1. 含all短语
1) first of all 一方面 (强调顺序)
2) in all (=in total=altogether) 总共
3) after all 毕竟，终归
4) at all 究竟，主线
5) above all 最重要是 (强调重要性)
6) not (...) at all (= not (...) in the least) 主线不，一点也不
7) all the time 始终，始终
8) all of a sudden (=suddenly) 突然，冷不防
9) all right 行，可以
10) all at once 立刘，立即
11) all day and all night 日日夜夜
12) all over 遍及
13) all alone 独个儿，独立地
14) all but 几乎，差一点
15) all in all 总说来
16) all together 一道，同步，总共
17) for all 尽管
[例句] I woke up and didn't hear him at all. 我醒了，一点儿也没有听到她说话。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 她摔了诸多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块。/ You shouldn't scold her. After all，she is only five years old. 你不应当责怪她，毕竟，她只有五岁。/ Children need many things，but above all，they need love. 孩子需要许多东西，最重要是，需要爱。/ You must have known it all the time. 你一定始终懂得这事。
【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen，but I admire her. ____，she is a great musician. (甘肃、青海)
A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual
[考查目的] 重要考查四个短语用法。
[答案与解析] A after all意为“毕竟．终归”；as a result意为“成果”；in other words意为“换句话说”；as usual意为“像往常同样”。本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。由于她毕竟是一种伟大音乐家。
【考例】I'd like to buy a house -- modern，comfortable，and ____ in a quiet neighborhood. (福建)
A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all
[考查目的] 重要考查all构成四个短语。
[答案与解析] B in all意为“总共”；above all意为“最重要是”； after all 意为“毕竟”；at all 意为“究竟”。本句话意思是：我想买一种房子，当代、舒服，但最重要是在一种安静地区。
2. at all
(1)用在必定句中，“居然” I'm surprised that you came at all.
(2)用在否定句中，“一点也不” There was nothing to worry about at all.
(3)用在疑问句中，“究竟”“究竟” Have you been there at all?
(4)用在条件句中，“真，的确” If you do it at all，do it well.
3. 含“be + 形容词 + 介词”短语
1) be good at 擅长于
2) be interested in 对……感兴趣
3) be pleased / satisfied / content with 对……满意
4) be famous for 因……而出名
5) be kind / good to 对……好
6) be lost in 沉湎于
7) be active in 在某方面积极
8) be sure about / of 确信
9) be afraid of 胆怯
10) be full of 布满
11) be filled with 布满
12) be made of / from 由……构成
13) be generous to 对……慷慨
14) be popular with 受欢迎
15) be confident of 确信
16) be fond of 喜欢，爱慕
17) be angry with / at 对……发脾气
18) be late for 迟到
19) be amazed / surprised / astonished / shocked at 对……感到惊讶
20) be busy doing 忙着做……
21) be excited about 对……感到兴奋
22) be worried about 紧张
23) be used for / as 用于
24) be curious about 对……好奇
[例句] Lin Lin is confident of his ability to get work for himself. 林林确信自己有能力做这活。He was generous to everybody with money，as a result，he saved little. 她对谁花钱都很慷慨，成果没有攒到多少钱。She is very active in helping the poor. 在协助穷人方面，她很热心。Pop music is popular with the young generation. 流行歌曲受年轻一代欢迎。Lost in thought，he didn't realize that I came in. 她陷入思考之中，没故意识到我进来了。I was amazed at the sight so that I didn't know what to do. 看到这一幕我非常惊讶，不懂得该做什么。Students in Senior 3 are busy preparing for the coming final exam. 高三学生在忙于准备即将到来期末考试。
【考例l】(重庆)
-- You know，Bob is a little slow ____ understanding，so...
-- So I have to be patient ____ him.
A. in；with B. on；with C. in；to D. at；for
[考查目的] 同定搭配中介词选取。
[答案与解析] A be slow in 意为“在……方面反映迟钝”，be patient with 意为“对……有耐心”。
4. end up with...以……结束
(1) end up with + n. 以……结束
The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.