人教版七年级英语下册第八单元知识点总结.doc

Unit8Isthereapostofficenearhere
一． 重点单词和短语
postoffice邮局　　
　　gostraight沿着….直走
policestation警察局
　　turnright=turntotheright向右拐
payphone投币式公用电话
　　turnleft=turntotheleft向左转
ontheFifthAvenue在第五大街
　　goalong=walkalong=godown沿着……走
acrossfrom在….对面
onone’sleft在某人的左边
nextto紧靠…
ontheright在右边
between…and….在…和…之间
atthefirstcrossing在第一个十字路口
infrontof在…前面
welcometo…欢迎到…..
intheneighborhood在附近
ahousewithabeautifulgarden一个带漂亮花园的
nearhere在这附近
enjoyreading享受阅读
takeawalk=haveawalk散步
looklike看起来
takeataxi乘出租车
haveagoodtrip旅途愉快
thewayto…去….的路上
havefun玩到开心
二． 重点单词和短语
1.Therebe句型
(1) 结构：Therebe+sb./sth.+地点表示“在某地有某人或某物”（there是引导词，没有词义；be是谓语动词；某人/物是主语，地点作状语，多为介词短语）
E.g.Thereisabankintheneighborhood.
(2) Therebe句型的谓语动词be在人称和数上应以后面的第一个名词保持一致。
▲如果后面的名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用is.
E.g.Thereissomesaladonthetable.
▲如果后面的名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用are.
E.g.Therearesomestudentsintheclassroom.
▲如果Therebe句型中有多个名词，be动词通常与第一个名词保持人称和数的一致。
E.g.Thereisaboyandtwogirlsintheroom.Therearetwogirlsandaboyintheroom.
(3)Therebe句型的一般疑问句：将be动词提到句首。
→Arethereanystudentsintheclassroom肯定回答：Yes,thereis/are.否定回答：No,thereisn’t/aren’t.
E.g.—Isthereabanknearhere—Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.
(4)Therebe句型的否定句：在be后加not
E.g.Thereisapostofficenearhear.→Thereisn’tapostofficenearhear.
(5) Therebe句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（组）+be+there+其他
E.g.Therearethreepensinmyschoolbag.(请对划线部分进行提问).
→Howmanypensarethereinyourschoolbag
【拓展】therebe和have都表示“有...”，但有所区别：
①含义不同。
therebe结构表示的是“某地有某物/人”，强调“存在关系”；
have则表示“某人/某物所有”，强调“所属关系”。
E.g.Thereisabusinourfactory.Ourfactoryhasabus.
②句型不同。
therebe结构的句型为“Therebe+某物/某人+某地”，
否定句是把not放在be之后，疑问句是把be提到句首；
have句型为“某人/某物+have/has+某物/某人”，否定句通常是在have前加don’t(has前加doesn’t)，疑问句是在句首加do（第三人称单数加does）。
E.g.Thereisn’tacatunderthechair.
Shedoesn’thavetwobrothers.
③用thereis或thereare还是用have或has均取决于句子的主语。但therebe句型里有两个或多个并列主语时，be习惯上和最靠近的那个在数上保持一致。
E.g.Thereisabikeunderthetree.Therearesomebikesunderthetree.
Thereisanappleandtwoorangesonthetable.
Youhaveanewbook./Youhavesomenewbooks.
Hehasanewbook./Hehavesomenewbooks.
④当表示某物的构成和组成部分时，用therebe和have均可。
E.g.Ourschoolhastwentyclasses.(=Therearetwentyclassesinourschool.)
2.acrossfrom意为“在……的对面”，后面接表示地点的名词或代词。
E.g.Weliveacrossfromthestreet.Thereisabankacrossfromthelibrary.
表示“在……的对面”的短语还有：
① ontheothersideof...Thebusstopisontheothersideoftheriver.
②beoppositeto...Thefruitshopisoppositethepostoffice.
3、nextto表示“在...旁边；靠近；紧挨着”，后接表地点的名词或代词。
E.g.Thepayphoneisnexttothelibrary.Thegardenisnexttomyhouse.
【辨析】near也表示“在...旁边”，但与nextto有所区别：
从空间上讲，near只表示“在...旁边；在...附近”而nextto有“紧挨着”之意；也就是说nextto比near靠的更近。试比较：
E.g.PetersitsnexttoMike.PetersitsnearTom.
4.【辨析】between和among
▲between表示“在....中间”，常与and连接，构成短语between....and.....，指在两者之间
E.g.IsitbetweenLucyandLily.
▲among也表示“在....中间”，指在三者或三者以上的中间。
E.g.Mybrotherisamongthoseboys.
5. 【辨析】infrontof/inthefrontof都表示“在...前面”
infrontof
指在物体外部的前面
Thereisabankinfrontofthehospital
inthefrontof
指在物体内部的前面
Theteacher’sdeskisinthefrontoftheclassroom.
6. cross动词表示“横过；越过”
E.g.Hehastocrosstherivertoschool.
across介词表示“横过；穿过”
E.g.Hehastowalkacrosstherivertoschool.
Through介词，表示“（从中间）穿过”
E.g.gothroughtheforest/park
注：across表示从一定范围的一边另一边,动作在物体表面进行。
E.g.go/walkacrosstheroad/bridge/street
7.spend动词，表示“花（时间、金钱）”
①spend…onsth.（名词）“在某事或某物上花费金钱或时间”
E.g.Iusuallyspendonehouronmyhomework.Lindaspendstenyuanonthisbook.
②spend…(in)doingsth.“花费金钱或时间做某事”
E.g.Iusuallyspendonehour(in)doingmyhomework.
Sheoftenspendstwentyminutes(in)walkingtoschool.
8.pay动词，表示“付钱；付费；付款”（过去式为paid）
①payfor+物“付钱买某物”E.g.Hepaidforthebooks.
②pay+钱+for+物“付多少钱买某物”
E.g.Hepaid200yuanforthebooks.
③paysb.somemoneyforsth.E.g.Hepaidher20dollarsfortheshoes.
9.see/watch/hearsb.doingsth.表示“看见/观看/听见某人正在做某事”
E.g.Ilovetowatchthemonkeysclimbingaround.
Ioftenhearsomegirlssingingintheclassroom.
10.Togettothepark,youjusthavetocrossCenterStreet.
togettothepark是目的状语前置，just起增强语气的作用，和此处的haveto表示“只要，仅需”。
E.g.Togetagoodgrade,wemuststudyhard.
11.enjoy动词，表示“享受；喜爱”→enjoyableadj.表示“高兴的”
①enjoysth./sb.“喜欢某物/某人”E.g.Doyouenjoythisbook
②enjoydoingsth.“喜欢做某事”E.g.Heenjoyslisteningtomusic.
③enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime表示“玩得高兴”
E.g.Doyouenjoyyourselftoday
havefun(in)doingsth.“做某事很有乐趣”E.g.Wehavefun(in)learningandspeakingEnglish.
12. easy形容词，表示“容易的”，用来修饰名词→反义词：difficult“困难的”
→easily副词，“容易地；轻松地”，用来修饰动词
E.g.Thequestionissoeasy.Youcangettothelibraryeasily.
13. It’sone’sturntodosth.表示“轮到某人做某事”
E.g.Itisourturntocleantheclassroom.
→taketurnstodosth.表示“轮流去做某事”
E.g.Taketurnstocleantheblackboard.
14.thewayto+地点表示“去…的路”
E.g.Canyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice
15.ThengodownBridgeStreetandturnleftatNewPark.
godown意为“往前走”。turnleft/right意为“向左/右拐”。
在英语中表示“往前走”的短语还有go/walkup,go/walkdown,go/walkalong等。
E.g.Turnrightandgostraightalongthisroad.
三． 重点句型
（一）问路
1)Excuseme,whereisthe….2)Excuseme,istherea...nearhere
3)Excuseme,whichisthewayto...
4)Excuseme,canyoutellmethewayto(去……的路)..
5)Excuseme,howcanIgetto...
6)Excuseme,canyoutellmehowIcangetto...=Excuseme,canyoutellmehowtogetto...
（二）提供问路信息时，可以说：
（1）Goalong/down/upthisstreet/road.
（2）Gostraightaheadandturnleftatthethirdtrafficlights.
（3）Takethesecondturning/crossingontheright/left.
=Turnleft/rightatthesecondturning/crossing.
（4）Goonuntilyoureachtheend./Goalongthisroadtotheend.
（5）You'llseethe…ontheright/left.
（6）It'snexttothe…/infrontofthe…/behindthe…/ontheleft(right)of…
（7）TaketheNo.…busanditwilltakeyouthere.（8）Youcan'tmissit.意思是“It'sveryeasytofind!
TestforUnit8
I、词汇
A、根据汉语、首字母及句子意思补全单词。
1.Theparknearmyhomeisveryd_________,Idon’tliketogothere.
2.Intheg_________,therearesomevegetables.
3.Isthereaschoolinthe___________(附近)
4.Weseeherwhenshep________theclassroom.
5.Go___________(穿过)thestreetwhenthelight(灯)isgreen.
6.I’mvery___________(饥饿的),Iwantsomefoodtohave.
7.Howdoyou___________(抵达)attheairport
B、根据所给单词填入正确的形式。
8.Thegirlsenjoy____________(see)comedies.
9.Ihopethe__________(begin)ofourtourishappy.
10.Theyhavefun__________(walk)inthepark.
11.Doyouenjoy___________(you)atthebirthdayparty
12.Godown____________(three)Streetandturnright.
II、单项选择
()1.________thereabanknearhereA.AmB.IsC.AreD.Be
()2.Ourschoolis______abank.A.nextB.nexttoC.betweenD.betweenand
()3.---_____isthepark
---It’sonCenterStreet.A.WhatB.WhenC.WhereD.How
()4.Thesupermarketis_____FifthAvenue.A.onB.throughC.betweenD./
()5.Thelibraryis_____therestaurantandthesupermarket.
A.nextB.nearC.betweenD.across
()6.---Whereareyou______---Beijing.A.onB.fromC.comeD.comefrom
()7.Is_____apayphoneintheneighborhoodA.thisB.thereC.thatD.the
()8.---_____canIgettothepostoffice
---Godownthisroadandturnleft.A.WhereB.WhatC.HowD.When
()9.---Isthereasupermarket
---No,_____.A.thisisnotB.thereisn’tC.itisn’tD.therearen’t
()10.Thereisn’t_____cleanpark.A.theB.aC.anD./
()11.Thisisanicecity______manyinterestingplaces.A.ofB.withC.onD.and
()12.BridgeStreetisagoodplace_______.
A.havefunB.tohavefunC.havingfunD.tofun
()13.---Isthereapayphone_______theneighborhood
---Yes,it’s____CenterStreet____theright.
A.in,down,onB.on,on,isC.in,on,isD.on,down,on
()14.Canyoutellmetheway______thepostoffice
A.toB.onC.atD.of
()15.Youcangetmoneyinthe______andyoucangetbooksinthe______.
A.postoffice,bankB.bank,gardenC.bank,libraryD.library,bank
III、介词填空，在空格处填入一个适当的介词。
1.Thelibraryis_________thepayphoneandthesupermarket.
2.Takeawalk__________theparkonCenterAvenue.
3.Thatisapicture__________myfamily.
4.Thereisabank__________CenterStreet.
5.Thebroom(扫帚)is__________thedoor,wecan’tseeit.
V、阅读理解
It’sSunday.It’sfine.Tomdoesnotgotoschooltoday.Butheisnotathome.He’snowsitting(坐)onaChinesebus.Heisgoingtothemoviehouse.Allhisclassmates(同学)willgotoseeamoviethisafternoon.HisteacherMrWangwillgothere,too.Theywillmeetat2:00p.m.atthegate(门口)ofthemoviehouse.
Anoldmangetson(上车)thebus.Tomstandsupandsays(说)totheoldman,“Comeandsithere,please.”Theoldmangoesoverandsitsdown.Hesays,“Thankyouverymuch,myboy.Youareagoodstudent.”Tomanswers,“You’rewelcome.”
“Whatschoolareyouin”theoldmanasksTom.
“IaminNo.2MiddleSchool.”Tomanswers.
“No.2That’sagoodschool.Mysonisateacherthere.HeisanEnglishteacher.”Theoldmansays.
“EnglishteacherExcuseme,grandpa.What’syourson’sname,please”Tomasks.
“MrWang,”saystheoldman.
“Ah,ah,heismyEnglishteacher.”Justthen,thebusstopsnearthemoviehouse.Tomsaysgoodbyetotheoldmanandgetsoff(下车)thebus.Theoldmansmiles(微笑)toTom.
()1.Inthesentence(句子)“thebusstopsnearthemoviehouse”.“stop”means(意思是)______.
A.车站B.开C.关D.停
()2.Which(哪一句)isright
A.It’sSaturdaytoday.B.It’snotfinetoday.
C.TomgoestoschoolonSunday.D.TomisastudentofNo.2MiddleSchool.
()3.MrWangis_____.
A.athometodayB.theoldman’ssonC.theoldman’sfatherD.aChineseteacher
()4.WhatdoyouthinkofTom
A.Tomisagoodstudent.B.Tomisabad(坏的)student.
C.Hedoeswrong(错)things.D.Heisagoodteacher.
()5.Whichisright
A.TomgoestothemoviehouseonanEnglishcar.
B.OnlyTomandhisteachergotothemoviehousetoseeamovie.
C.Theygotothemoviehouseforameeting(会议).
D.Theoldman’ssonisTom’sEnglishteacher.
VI、完形填空
MynameisDaisy.I1myparentsinanapartment(公寓).Theapartmentison2floorofatallbuilding(建筑物).314floorsandacarparkinthebasement(地下室).Myfatherparks(停放)his4there.
Ourapartmentisn’tinthecenter5thecity.It’s3km6thecenter.Myfatherworksinthecity,7hegoestowork8everymorning.Hedoesn’tdrive(驾驶)hiscar.Heuses(用)hiscaronlyat9.Thenhe10ustothecountryortothebeach(海滩).
()1.A.liveinB.livewithC.have
()2.A.sixB.sixthC.thesixth
()3.A.TherehaveB.ThereisC.Thereare
()4.A.carB.taxiC.bus
()5.A.inB.ofC.with
()6.A.fromB.inC.of
()7.A.becauseB.butC.so
()8.A.takeabusB.bybusC.inbus
()9.A.weekdaysB.weeksC.weekends
()10.A.takesB.helpsC.wants
VIII、句型转换(15分)
A、根据题后要求完成句子。(5分)
1.Thereisapostofficenearhere.(变否定句)_______________apostofficenearhere.
2.Thebankisacrossfromthepark.(对划线部分提问)_________isacrossfromthepark
3.ThehotelisonCenterStreet.(对划线部分提问)_________thehotel
4.Therearesomepeopleinthepark.(一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
_______there______peopleintheparkYes,_____________.
5.go,and,right,straight,turn,just,(连成句子)________________________________________.
B、同义句(10分)
6.Therearefivebananasinhisbox._______________fivebananasinthebox.
7.Wehaveagoodtimeinschool.We________________inschool.
8.Igettothelibraryatsix.I_________________thelibraryatsix.
9.Thereisapayphoneintheneighborhood.There’sapayphone_________________.
10.Myauntbuyshamburgersforfivedollars.Myaunt________fivedollars________hamburgers.