仁爱版八年级英语下册语言知识点归纳8下.doc

八年级英语（仁爱版）下册语言知识点归纳
Unit 5 Feeling Happy
Topic 1 Why all the smiling faces?
 一.   重点词汇：
（一）反义词
 happy----unhappy/ sad     lucky----unlucky    poor----rich    kind----cruel    popular----unpopular     smart----stupid/ silly    interesting----boring  
（二）表示情感的形容词
 excited感到兴奋的      surprised 吃惊的     happy 快乐的              unhappy/ sad 伤心的           angry / mad 生气的    worried  焦急的     afraid/ frightened 害怕的   disappointed 失望的         proud 自豪的         lonely 孤单的            nervous 紧张不安的            interested 感到有趣的
    （三） 重点词组
1.       one of my favorite movies               我最喜欢的电影之一
2.       spend the evening                      过夜
3.       say thanks / goodbye/ hello to sb.           向某人道谢/道别/问好
4.       tell a short story                        讲一个小故事
5.       a ticket to…                           一张…的票
6.       wish to do sth.                         希望做某事
7.       get enough sleep                       得到足够的睡眠
8.       win a medal                           获得一枚奖牌
9.       feel proud/ lonely                       感到自豪/孤单
10.   set a table for…                        为……摆餐具
11.   have a temperature = have a fever          发烧
12.   be able to do sth.                       有能力做某事
13.   ring up                               给……打电话
14.   care for= look after/ take care of           照顾
15.   because of                            由于
16.   cheer up  / cheer on              使……振奋、高兴起来 / 为 ……喝彩、加油
17.   play the role of sb.                      扮演某人的角色
18.   be on                                 上演; 放映
19.   at first                                首先
20.   fall into                              落入
21.   be afraid of doing sth.                   害怕做某事
22.   in/at the end = at last                    最后
23.   go mad                               发疯
24.   come into being                        形成
25.   be full of                             充满…
26.   be popular with…                      受……喜爱
27.   make peace                           制造和平
28.   end/begin with…                       以……结尾/开始
二.   重点句型及重点语言点
1. How nice! 真是太好了!
  What a shame! 真可惜! ＝That’s too bad!
  What bad news! 多糟的消息!
  这三句全都是感叹句.它们的结构为:
1)      How + adj./ adv. + 主语 + 谓语! 如: How moving the movie is! How fast the boy runs!
2)      What + a/an + adj. + n. (可数名词的单数) + 主语 + 谓语! 如: What a big apple (it is)!
3)      What + adj. + n.(可数名词的复数或不可数名词) + 主语 + 谓语! 如:
What interesting stories (they are)!    What hard work( it is)!
2. Because he can’t get a ticket to The Sound of Music. 因为他没有买到《音乐之声》的票.
to  表“的”，常见的搭配如下：
a ticket toThe Sound of Music   一张《音乐之声》的票
the answer to the question   问题的答案
the key to the door  门的钥匙
the way to…去…..的路
3. I think Mr. Lee likes it very much and really wishes to watch it. 我认为李老师非常喜欢它而且的确想去看.    wish/ hope  to do sth.希望做某事
 与 wish 相关的结构还有: wish/ hope + that引导的从句; 如:
 I wish/ hope (that) we will win.
我们可以说wish sb. to do sth. 而不能说hope sb. to do sth.;
4. I’ll ring up Michael later. 稍后我打电话给迈克.
  ring up sb. = call/ ring/ phone sb. = give sb. a ring/ call/ telephone = make a telephone to sb.
  当宾语为代词时, 只能放中间.如: ring me/him/her up
5.…since they were not able to go. ……既然他们不能去.
 can与be able to  二者都表“能；会”，在指“一般能力”时，常互换。如：
He can/is able to work out the problem. 他能算出这道难题.
 区别: can 只有现在式和过去式(could),没有数的变化;而be able to 有时态及数的变化. 如: I/ She couldn’t swim three years ago, but now I / She can .
     三年前,我/她 不会游泳, 但现在我/她能.
I will be able to see him next week. 下周, 我将会看到他.
They were /He was able to climb the mountain, but now they aren’t/ He wasn’t.They’re / He was too old.  他们/他过去能爬得上这座山, 但现在不能. 他们/他太老了.
6. I’m sure Mr. Lee will be surprised and happy! 我确信李老师会很惊奇也很高兴!
  be surprised “感到惊奇的”, 主语一般为人.
  be surprising “令人惊奇的”, 主语一般为物.
  类似的有：interested/ interesting;  excited/ exciting;  bored/ boring
7. The lonely father often became angry because of the noisy children. 孤独的父亲经常由于吵吵闹闹的的孩子们而发怒了。
  because of “由于”，是介词短语，后常跟名词或短语。如：
  He didn’t come to school because of his illness./ because he was ill.
由于他的病，他没来上学。
  We didn’t go there because of the heavy rain./ because it rained heavily.
    由于大雨，我们没去那儿。
8. Maria was able to cheer up the family by teaching them to sing lively songs…
玛丽亚有能力通过教他们唱轻快的歌曲使整个家庭振作起来。
by 是介词，指“通过（某种方式）”，后面跟名词、代词、形容词或动名词。
9. What did Maria go to the Von Trapp family for? = Why did Maria go to the Von Trapp?
   玛丽亚为了什么目的去冯特拉普家庭？
10. … and the mother was so worried that she looked for him everywhere, …
   这位母亲是如此焦急，以致于他四处寻找他。
   so + adj/ adv. + that + 句子   指“如此…以致于”
三.   重点语法 
1．系表结构：Linking verb. + adj.   常见的连系动词如下:
1）be 动词：He is helpful.   They are tired.
2) 表 “…起来”：look看起来; sound听起来; taste尝起来;feel摸起来等等.如:
3）表状态变化的连系动词有：get 变得; turn 转变;  go变;  become变成 等等. 如:
  In summer, the days get longer, the weather gets warmer.
  In fall, the leaves turn yellow.            The mother went mad.
He became angry.
2．because 引导的原因状语从句:  because 用来回答why提问的问句,表示的原因语气很强,一般用在主句后面,强调因果关系.
  Mr. Wang looks tired because he worked late last night and didn’t get enough sleep.
  Kangkang is disappointed because his best friend is not able to come.
  ----Why do they feel proud?
  ----Because a player from their country won a medal.

Topic 2   Why is Beth crying?

一、重点词汇：
（一）词形转换：
  1.badly(反义词)well                  2.shy(最高级)shyest
3.understand(过去式)understood        4.anxious(同义词)worried   
5.satisfaction(形容词)satisfied          6.surprise(形容词)surprised
7.suggestion(动词)suggest             8.stranger(形容词)strange
9.advice(同义词)suggestion            10.either(反义词)too
11.humorous(名词)humor             12.sad(名词)sadness
13.unfair(反义词)fair                 14.hit(过去式)hit
（二）重点词组:
( 1 )  “be + 形容词+ 介词” 的结构:
   be worried about                    对……感到担心/ 焦虑
   be anxious about                    对……感到焦虑
   be glad about                       对……高兴
   be nervous about                    对……紧张
   be strict with sb.                    对某人严格
   be strict in / about sth.                对某事严格
   be patient with                      对……耐心
   be pleased / satisfied with             对……满意
   be bored with                       对……烦闷
   be popular with                     受……欢迎
   be angry with/at sb.                  对某人生气
   be angry at/ about sth.                对某事生气
   be surprised at                      对……惊奇
   be mad at                          对……气愤
   be excited at                        对……兴奋
   be interested in                      对……有兴趣
   be tired of                          对……疲倦
   be afraid of                         对……害怕
( 2 ) 课文词组:
1.       do badly in                               在某方面表现很差
2.       talk with sb. = have a talk with sb.            与某人谈一谈
3.       over and over again                        反复地; 一再
4.       wait in line                               排队等候
5.       fall behind                                落后
6.       get sb. to do sth.                           让某人做某事
7.       at one’s age                               在某人的年龄时
8.       try to eat less high-energy food               少吃高能量的食品
9.       calm down                               冷静; 镇静
10.   have bad experiences                       有不好的经历
11.   give…a hand                              帮助
12.   in one’s teens                              在某人十几岁时
13.   happen to sb.                              发生
14.   move to spl.                               搬到某处
15.   get used to (doing) sth.                      习惯于(做)某事
16.   be / make friends with                       与……交朋友
17.   join in                                    参加(活动)
18.   fit in                                     被他人接受;相处融洽
19.   deal with                                  处理; 处置
20.   fail to pass an exam = fail an exam             考试不及格
21.   lose a friend or relative                       失去一个朋友或亲戚
22.   refuse to do sth.                            拒绝做某事
23.   argue with sb.                              与某人争论
24.   have a normal life                           过正常的生活
二、重点句型及重点语言点
1.       Anything wrong? = Is there anything wrong? 有什么麻烦吗?
形容词修饰不定代词要后置. 如:
something bad  不好的事情         everything new 一切新的事物
2.       What seems to be the problem? 似乎有什么问题?
seem to do sth. “似乎做某事” 常与 “It seems that + 句子” 转换, 如:
He seems to know her name. = It seems that he knows her name. 似乎他知道她的名字.
seem + adj  “似乎(怎样)”, 构成系表结构. 如:
You seem sad. = You seem (to be) sad.= It seems that you are sad.你似乎很伤心.
3.       What is the teacher like? 那个老师是什么样的人?
What’s sb. like? 常询问人的内在品质或性恪. 如:
--What’s Beth like?   -- She is shy and quiet.
What does sb. look like? 常询问人的长相. 如:
--What’s Beth look like ?  -- She is nice with big eyes.
be like 与look like 常可以互换, 如:
He looks like his mother. = He is like his mother. 他看起来像他的父亲.
4.       It is important to talk to someone else. 跟其它人交流很重要.
句型 “It is + adj. + to do”中, “It”是形式主语,真正主语是后面的动词不定式. 如:
It is normal to feel tired after a long trip.长途旅行后,感到疲劳是正常的.
It is dangerous to swim in the sea. 在大海里游泳是很危险的.
5.       …, but I don’t know how to get other students to talk with me. 但是我不知道怎样使他们和我交谈.
get sb. to do sth. “使(让/ 叫) 某人做某事”, 相当于 ask / tell sb. to do sth.或者说 let / make sb. do sth.
6.       It usually takes me a long time to become happy again. 通常要花我很长时间才能重新快乐起来.
句型 “It takes sb. some time to do sth.” 花了某人某时做某事. 如:
It took me three days to finish this work. 花了我三天时间完成这项工作.
7.       It is said that…  据说……
8.       ... when something bad happens to us. 当不好的事情发生在我们身上时.
“sth. happens to sb.”, 指“某事发生在某人身上”. 是一种惯用句型. 如:
A serious accident happened to his brother yesterday.
昨天,一个重大事故发生在他的兄弟身上.
happen to do sth. 指 “碰巧做某事”, 如:
I happened to see my friend Jim in the street yesterday.
昨天,我碰巧在街上看到我的朋友吉姆.
9.       How time flies! “光阴似箭!” 是 How quickly the time flies! 简略句.
10.   I have to get used to everything new. 我不得不去适应一切新的事物.
get / be used to (doing) sth. “习惯于(做)某事”. 其中是介词. 如:
He can’t get used to the weather here. 他不习惯这儿的天气.
I am used to getting up early. 我习惯于早起.
used to do sth. 指 “过去常做某事”, 如:
He used to listen to the pop songs, but now he listens to the folk songs.
他过去常听通俗歌曲,但现在他听民歌.
11.   I try to join in activities of many kinds. 我尽量参加各式各样的活动.
join in sth.  指“参加……活动”, 相当于take part in或be in.
join 指 “参加某个组织或团体”
  12 . How does Jeff deal with his sadness? 杰夫怎样处理他的忧伤的?
      How…deal with? “怎样处理?” 相当于“What ….do with?”
三、重点语法 
同级比较
1)    表示两者在某一方面程度相等时,用句型 “as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 比较对象”. 表 “与……一样”. 如:
Celia is as patient as Sue. 西莉亚与苏一样耐心.
Jim draws as well as Tom. 吉姆画得与汤姆一样好.
2) 表示某人或某物在某一方面,不如另一个人或另一物时,用句型 “not + as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 比较对象”, 表 “不如……”. 如:
Jim isn’t as tall as Tom.= Tom is taller than Jim. 吉姆不如汤姆高./ 汤姆比吉姆高.
Jim doesn’t studies as hard as Tom. = Tom studies harder than Jim. 吉姆不如汤姆学得努力./ 汤姆学得比吉姆努力.
     The roads here are not as clean as those in our hometown. 这儿的路不如我们家乡的路干净.

                  Topic 3 Michael is feeling better.

一、重点词汇:
( 一 ) 词形转换:
1.tense(同义词)nervous       2.true(副词)truly       3.expression(动词)express
4. husband(对应词)wife       5. choice(动词)choose      6. relax(形容词)relaxed
7.thought(动词)think          8. decision(动词)decide     9.safe(名词)safety
( 二 ) 重点词组:
1.       have a bad cold                             患重感冒                   
2.       get injections                               打针;注射
3.       follow the doctor’s advice                     遵从医嘱
4.       stay at home alone                           独自呆在家里
5.       come over to                                过来;顺便来访
6.       at the end of the month                        在月底
7.       take it easy                                  别急;慢慢来
8.       take turns to do sth.                           轮流做某事
9.       be happy for sb.                              为某人高兴
10.   in a good/bad mood                           处于好/坏的情绪
11.   stay/keep angry                              保持生气(的状态)
12.   smile at life                                 笑对生活
13.   plan a surprise                               计划一个惊喜
14.   make masks with different expressions           制作具有不同表情的面具     
15.   put on a short play                           表演短剧
16.   prepare for                                 为……作准备
17.   get along with                               与……相处
18.   look up into the sky                          抬头望向天空
19.   at midnight                                 在半夜
20.   on the way home                            在回家的路上
21.   give a speech                               演讲
22.   try out                                     尝试;试验
23.   in high spirits                               兴高采烈
24.   think over                                  仔细思考
25.   bring back a sense of safety                    找回安全感
二、重点句型及重点语言点
1.       I’m feeling even worse. 我甚至觉得更糟了.
much, a little 与even常用来修饰比较级. 如:
He is much older than me.他比我大得多。
Jim is a little taller than Tom. 吉姆比汤姆高一点。
2.       I’m afraid of catching SARS. 我害怕患上非典.
I’m afraid of getting injections. 我害怕打针.
be afraid of (doing ) sth. 表”害怕(做)某事/物” 如:
I am afraid of snakes. 我害怕蛇.
He is afraid of swimming. 他害怕游泳.

3.       I stay at home alone. 我独自一人呆在家中.
alone 表示 “单独的;独自的”, 指客观上的.只作表语,不能做定语.
lonely表示 “孤单的; 寂寞的”, 指主观上的. 既可作表语也可做定语.如:
He lives alone, but he never feels lonely. 他一个人生活,但他从不感到孤单.
He is a lonely man. 他是一个孤独的人.
a lonely road  一条偏僻的道路
4.       If we have time, we’ll come over to see you again. 如果我们有时间,我们将会顺便再来看你.
If we are always sad and worried, we’ll become angry easily. 如果我们老是伤心,焦虑的话,我们就会容易生气.
If we stay angry for too long, we’ll be ill. 如果我们长时间生气的话,我们就会生病.
if引导条件状语从句.从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时.
5.       I feel so lonely that my eyes are full of tears.我感到如此的孤独,以致于热泪盈眶.
6.       Suddenly the bus stops and can’t move any more.突然公共汽车停下来,再也不动了.
not…any more = no more 表 “不再……”, 指次数上不再.
not…any longer=no longer表 “不再……”, 指时间上不再. 如:
You aren’t a child any longer. = You are no longer a child.你不再是个小孩了.
We didn’t visit him any more. = We visited him no more. 我们再也不去拜访他了.
 三、重点语法
1.       make + 宾语 + 形容词   “使某人怎样”
It makes me so tense. ( Page 17)
The nurse there makes me nervous. ( Page 17)
We should do something to make him happy again. ( Page 19)
Illness can make us sad and worried. ( Page 19)
It sometimes makes us afraid. ( Page 19)
Sometimes it makes me happy. ( Page 20)
Sometimes it makes me sad. ( Page20)
I think it can make me happier. ( Page 20)
And orange will make us happier, white will make us helpful…( Page 21)
Bright colors make me happy. ( Page 22)
Dark colors make me sad. ( Page 22)
Rainy days make me sad. ( Page 22)
They make me angry. ( Page 22)
2.       make sb, do sth. 使(让) 某人做某事
Some programs on TV make me want to sleep. ( Page 18)
Many things can make our feeling change. ( Page 19)
That will help make him or her get well soon. ( Page 19)
They can make me feel very sad. ( Page 20)
Our clothes can make us feel better about ourselves. ( Page 21)
If one color can’t make us feel better, maybe another will. ( Page 21)
Rock music always makes me want to dance. ( Page 22)
Sad movies always make me cry( Page