2020年高考英语易错题解题方法大全(3)：完形填空(上).doc

高考英语易错题解题方法大全(3) ：完形填空（上） 【范例1】本文是一篇以叙文，作者在记叙之后发表了自己的感悟。文章讲述了作者遭遇一次暴风雨而历经艰辛坚持去上班，就在作者因此而倍感疲惫和烦躁时，却收到了经理的一封电子信件。信中经理简短的几句对不顾风雨坚持来上班的人们表示了感激，这使得作者感到一天来的疲惫与烦恼一扫而光，并由此感悟到几句简短的话语可以使人的精神焕然一新。 本文所选内容逻辑性强，文章结构严谨，层次分明。文章是以第一人称进行叙述、描写的。文章具有启发和教育意义，充分体现考试说明的要求，能够积极引导考生树立正确的人生观、世界观和价值观，增强社会责任感，有利于全面提高人文素养。w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mOn August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to 1 and the subway system almost came to a stop.Unfortunately, this happened during the morning rush hour. Many people who were going to work were 2 to go home. Some battled to 3 a taxi or to get on a bus. Still others faced the 4bravely, walking miles to get to work.I 5 to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most 6 had stopped. After making my way 7 crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was 8. Unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to 9 the subway that I could not even get down the stairs to the 10 . So I took the train going in the opposite direction, and then switched back to the downtown train. Finally, after what seemed like forever, the train 11 my stop. Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. When I finally got to my office, I was 12 through, exhausted and 13. w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mMy co-workers and I spent most of the day drying off. When it was 5:00 pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer 14 I received an email from Garth, my Director:I would like to thank all of you who made the effort and 15 went to work. It is always reassuring(令人欣慰), at times like these, when employees so clearly show their 16 to their jobs. Thank you.Garths email was short, but I learned more from that 17 message than I ever did from a textbook. The email taught me that a few words of 18 can make a big difference. The rainstorm and the traffic 19 had made me tired and upset. But Garths words immediately 20 me and put a smile back on my face.1. A. confusionB. floodC. sink D. crash2. A. forcedB. refusedC. adjustedD. gathered3. A. order B. payC. callD. search4. A. climateB. sceneryC. stormD. burden5. A. occurredB. promisedC. deservedD. happened6. A. practiceB. routineC. processD. service7. A. toB. throughC. overD. for8. A. operatingB. cyclingC. turningD. rushing9. A. checkB. carryC. findD. board10. A. streetB. groundC. floorD. platform11. A. pausedB. crossedC. reachedD. parked12. A. wetB. weakC. sickD. hurt13. A. ashamedB. discouragedC. surprised D. helpless14. A. whileB. whenC. whereD. after15. A. hardlyB. casuallyC. absolutely D. eventually16. A. devotionB. donationC. concern D. reaction17. A. accurateB. urgentC. brief D. humorous18. A. promiseB. appreciationC. admirationD. guidance19. A. troublesB. signalsC. rules D. signs20. A. correctedB. supportedC. amazedD. refreshed参考答案及解析：1. 【错解分析】典型错误A .错因分析:如果忽视开头设置的场景是遭受暴风雨，则会根据自己的理解而选A。【答案解析】答案为B。考查动词辨析。根据语境，因为是rainstorm(暴风雨)，所以街道被雨水淹没。选项A为“混乱”；C为“沉没”；D为“猛撞，崩溃”，均不合语境。2. 【错解分析】典型错误:B.错因分析:忽视前后的场景是因为大雨，许多人被迫回家则会误选B【答案解析】答案为A。考查动词辨析。因为大雨，许多人被迫回家，不能够去上班。注意被句为被动形式，从意义上可以排除选项B、C、D。3. 【错解分析】典型错误D .错因分析:学生如果只是根据汉语理解而忽视习惯用法易误选D【答案解析】答案为C。考查动词辨析。根据语境：有些人能够叫到出租车(call a taxi)。order为“订购，预定”。不合语境；search a taxi表示“搜查出租车（在车上找东西）”，也不正确。4. 【错解分析】典型错误A .错因分析:如果忽视本文的主题是遭遇暴风雨，易误选其他，【答案解析】答案为C。考查名词辨析。联系上文，根据文章第一句中rainstorm一词可知答案。语境：有些人能够叫到出租车，还有写人勇敢面对暴风雨，步行去上班。当时正在下雨，所以用face the storm bravely. C选项climate为“气候（指某一地区长期的天气状况）”；scenery为“景色”；burden为“负担”，均不合文意。5. 【错解分析】典型错误A .没有联系上下文。【答案解析】答案为D。考查动词辨析。联系下文可知作者“碰巧也是”去上班中的一个，happen to be表示“碰巧是”。而occur to sb表示“某人突然想起”；promise to表示“允诺去做”;deserve to do表示“理应做，值得做”，均不符合文意与语境。6【错解分析】典型错误: B .错因分析:如忽视语境作者去了地铁，却发现大多数地铁都已经停止运行服务，易误选B“路线” w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m【答案解析】答案为D。考查名词辨析。根据语境：作者去了地铁，却发现大多数地铁都已经停止运行服务了，所以用service,表示“（地铁的运行）服务”。而practice表示“练习；惯例做法”；routine表示“常规；例行公事”；process表示“过程；程序”，均不符合语境。7. 【错解分析】典型错误:A .错因分析:若忽视make ones way through the crowds of people是固定搭配和前后语境易选A，【答案解析】答案为B。考查介词辨析。根据语境：make ones way through the crowds of people在人群中挤出一条路。make ones way to:表示“通往”；make ones way for:表示“让步于”，均不合文意。8. 【错解分析】典型错误:D .错因分析:如果理解不到位，忽视场景则会选D。【答案解析】答案为A。考查动词辨析。operate表示“操作，运转，运行”。作者最终发现一条地铁还在运行。cycle 表示“循环，周期”；turn表示“变得；转弯”；rush表示“冲进，匆促”，均不符合语境。9. 【错解分析】典型错误:B .错因分析: 如果对于board的义项理解不全面则易误选其他。【答案解析】答案为D。考查动词辨析。根据语意：那么多人在等待上车；board the subway表示“木板；登车，上车（船、飞机等）”。Check表示“核查；登记”；carry“携带，搬运”；find“找到”，均不合文意。w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m10. 【错解分析】典型错误: A.错因分析:如果忽视场景，不知地铁处有月台则易误选A。【答案解析】答案为D。考查名词辨析。根据语境：“我”甚至无法踏上站台的台阶。Platform“站台”。其它不合语境。11. 【错解分析】典型错误:D .错因分析:如果忽略前后逻辑则易误选其他。【答案解析】答案为C。考查动词辨析。根据语境：最终过了好长时间，地铁终于停在了我的那一站。联系下文Then I had to 一句可知作者先坐了一程地铁，然后又在雨中步行了几个街区。pause表示“暂停，中止”；cross表示“交叉；越过”；park表示“停车”，均不合文意。12. 【错解分析】错因分析:如果忽视文章的主题和场景则易误选其他。【答案解析】答案为A。考查形容词辨析。be wet through:浑身湿透了。（由于作者冒雨而行，在到达办公室时已经湿透了。）根据文章下一句：My co-workers and I spent most of the day drying off.作者与同事一起花费了大半天的时间才晾干也可知。其它不合语境。13. 【错解分析】典型错误: D .错因分析:如果忽视作者的情感、态度，则易误选D。【答案解析】答案为B。考查动词辨析。要认真体会作者的情感、态度：此时由于作者浑身湿透，所以到办公室时已经是疲惫不堪了，所以此时作者的情绪应该是“沮丧的，泄气的”。这也可以根据下文第54、55两句形成对比：作者收到经理的E-mail而变的愉快起来。ashamed“惭愧的”；surprised“吃惊的”；helpless “无助的”，均不符合语境。14. 【错解分析】典型错误:A .错因分析:如果忽视固定结构则易误选A。【答案解析】答案为B。考查连词。when表示“就在这时”，与be about to dowhen构成固定搭配。其它不合语境。15. 【错解分析】典型错误:C .错因分析:若忽视场景或分不清这几个副词的意思则易误选C【答案解析】答案为D。考查副词辨析。eventually表示“最终”；hardly表示“几乎不”；casually 表示“偶然地，随意地”absolutely 表示“完全地”。根据文意：我很感谢你们所有的不顾艰辛最终来上班的人。w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m16. 【错解分析】典型错误:C .错因分析: show ones concern for sth表示“对关心”，若忽视本文的情感态度易误选C【答案解析】答案为A。考查名词辨析。句意为：，当员工们表明他们对于工作的投入时。devotion表示“投入”；donation 表示“捐赠”；concern表示“关心”；reaction表示“反应”。17. 【错解分析】错因分析:如忽视前后情景或混淆这几个词的词义则易误选【答案解析】答案为C。考查形容词辨析。联系文章，经理的这封e-mail并不长，所以用brief表示“简短的”。accurate表示“精确的”；urgent表示“急切的”；humorous表示“幽默的”。18. 【错解分析】典型错误:C .错因分析:如果忽视本文主题是几句感激的话也会对一个人有很大的影响则易误选C【答案解析】答案为B。考查名词辨析。句意为：这封e-mail让我知道即使是简短的几句感激的话也会有很大的影响。appreciation表示“欣赏，感激”；promise表示“诺言”； admiration表示“钦佩”；guidance表示“指导，引导”。 w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m19. 【错解分析】典型错误:C .错因分析:如果考生忽视文章的情景易误选C“交通规则”【答案解析】答案为A。考查名词辨析。句意为：暴雨和交通阻塞带来的麻烦使得“我”疲惫、烦乱。signals表示“信号”；rules表示“规则”；signs表示“符号，迹象”，均不正确。20. 【错解分析】典型错误:B .错因分析:如果忽视本文主题是领导的简短的感激的话语可以使人的精神焕然一新这一主题，就会误选B。【答案解析】答案为D。考查动词辨析。句意为：经理Garth的话立即使得我提起精神来，让我又面带微笑。Refreshed表示“使.生气蓬勃,提起精神,恢复精神”；correct表示“纠正”；support表示“支持”；amaze 表示“使吃惊”，均不符合语境。【练习1】Lulu is a brave pet in our shelter As you know, there are a lot of forest fires during the summer seasonMany forests are badly 1 by fire each yearNot far from our shelter, a forest caught fire during this hot summerWe were in a heat wave which had been 2 for three days Lulu rushed towards the forest where flames sent out a terrible 3 I no longer had any hope that Lulu would come 4 to the shelterIn fact, I was waiting for the firemen to announce his 5 in the forest, when suddenly, a fireman burst into my shelter and 6 me that my dog Lulu had 7 to save four kittens who were trapped by the flamesAccording to the fireman, Lulu seized the kittens, one by one moving them to a 8 placeI immediately accompanied the fireman to the forest to 9 the rescued kittensWhen we arrived at the 10 of the incident, we found Lulu was not 11 Then we heard the 12 of a dog came from the forest barking furiouslyI 13 it was my dog LuluThe fireman followed the tracks of the dog until we found him barking 14 by the side of an injured fireman who was lying on the ground and desperately 15 rescueThanks to Lulu, four kittens and a fireman were savedw.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mThat day, I was very 16 of Lulu for his two heroic 17 toward the kittens and the firemanLulu showed much compassion (同情) for both animals 18 him and for a human being who was trying to 19 the fire with his colleaguesThis true story of genuine love and compassion shows us that pets are loving, 20 and compassionateWe should love and protect themOne day they could do us a good turn1Adamaged Bdestroyed Cwounded Dhurt2Ataking on Bcoming on Cgoing on Dkeeping on 3Aheat Benergy Cfever Dburn4Aby Bround Cup Dback5Areturn Bhonor Cdeath Daction6Aannounced Binformed Ccommunicated Dclaimed7Atried Bwanted Cmanaged Dfailed8Asafe Bsafer Clonely Dbeautiful9Apick out Bpick up Cbring on Dbring up10Ascene Bposition Csituation Dview11Ahere Bout Cin Dthere12Avoice Bnoise Caccent Dsound13Aacknowledged B recognized Cheard Dlistened 14Aheavily Bstrongly Cloudly Dhappily15Awaiting for Bwaiting on Casking for Dlooking for16Asurprised Bsatisfied Cshamed Dproud17Athings Bactions Cdos Dreactions18Aas Blike Cfor Dto19Aput off Bput away Cput up Dput out20Acareful Bcareless Ccaring Dcarefree参考答案及解析1. 【错解分析】典型错误:B .错因分析:由于区分不开damage与destroy而误选B【答案解析】A。考查动词词义辨析。夏季经常发生森林大火，故每年的大火使许多森林严重受损。damage损坏，毁坏；动作的承受者多为物，destroy指毁灭性的破坏；wound 尤指用刀、枪等伤害某人；hurt伤人的身体或感情。2. 【错解分析】典型错误:D .错因分析:如果分不清keep on是及物动词则易误选D【答案解析】C。考查动词短语辨析。这里需要一个表示“继续，持续”且相当于不及物动词的词组，只有go on 符合3. 【错解分析】典型错误:B .错因分析:如果忽视前后场景的设置则易误选B.【答案解析】A。考查名词词义辨析。大火应该产生热。B表示“能量”；C表示“发烧”；D表示“烧伤”，均不符合句意。4. 【错解分析】典型错误:B .错因分析:如果忽视语境的设置可能会误选。【答案解析】D。根据语境，这里应是等Lulu回来5. 【错解分析】典型错误:A .错因分析:如果忽视前面场景的设置可能会选A。【答案解析】C。考查名词词义辨析和推测能力。根据上文可知我没有抱任何指望 Lulu能够重新回来。故此句意思为：其实，我在等待着消防人员来告知我Lulu的死讯。6. 【错解分析】典型错误: D.错因分析:如果混淆动词词义，则极易误选D。【答案解析】B。考查动词辨析。能够用于“v+ sb + that从句”结构的只有A、B项；A项不符合语境。7. 【错解分析】典型错误:A .错因分析:如果分不清try to do 和manage to do 的区别则易误选A。【答案解析】C。考查推测能力。根据后文，Lulu成功救出了4只小猫。8. 【错解分析】典型错误:B .错因分析:如果忽视前后的场景设置会误选B，其实原来小猫所处的地方并不安全，也就谈不上更安全了。【答案解析】A。考查形容词词义辨析。safe安全的；safer更安全的；lonely寂寞的；beautiful漂亮的。根据语境这里应选safe。9. 【错解分析】典型错误:A .错因分析:如果混淆与pick 构成的搭配则可能会误选。【答案解析】B。考查动词短语辨析。pick out挑出；pick up接；bring on 引起；bring up抚养。根据上下文“我”同消防人员一起去接那四只被Lulu救了的小猫。10. 【错解分析】典型错误:B .错因分析:如果区分不开这几个名词则可能会误选B【答案解析】A。考查名词词义辨析。表示“现场”的只有A项。11.【错解分析】典型错误: A.错因分析:如果忽视场景可能会误选A。【答案解析】D。考查推测能力。根据下文“Then the sound of a dog came from the forest”，可知我们到达事故现场时Lulu并不在那里。12. 【错解分析】典型错误: B.错因分析:如果混淆这几个名词的义项可能会误选B【答案解析】D。考查名词词义辨析。根据后面的barking，这里应填表示“声音”的词。A表示“说话声，嗓音”，多用于人的声音；B表示“噪音”，与语境不符；C表示“口音”。13. 【错解分析】典型错误:C .错因分析:如果忽视语言文化习惯，按照汉语思维可能会误选C【答案解析】B。考查动词词义辨析。这里的意思是：我听出了是我的狗在叫。acknowledge 承认；recognize分辨出，认出，（此处为听出）；hear听见；listen听,不及物。14. 【错解分析】典型错误:D .错因分析:如果忽视本文场景或主题则可能会误选D【答案解析】C。考查副词词义辨析。狗大声地叫目的是为了呼唤人们，引起人们的注意，应用loudly。15. 【错解分析】典型错误:C .错因分析:如果忽视文章场景或理解错误可能会误选C【答案解析】A。考查动词短语辨析。根据句意，该消防员身受重伤，只能是被动地等待别人来救援16. 【错解分析】典型错误:B .错因分析:如果忽视句式结构，混淆be proud of 或be satisfied with,则会误选B【答案解析】D。考查考查形容词辨析。根据语境和搭配应选proud,be proud of表示“对感到自豪”。17.【错解分析】典型错误:B .错因分析:如果不了解dos是“要做的事情”，而不是表示“具体的行为”可能会误选。【答案解析】B。考查名词辨析。表示具体的行为用action。18. 【错解分析】典型错误:A .错因分析:如果忽视前后场景，可能会误选A【答案解析B。考查介词。这里是表示“像他这样的动物”。19. 【错解分析】典型错误:A .错因分析:如果混淆与put构成的固定搭配则可能误选A。【答案解析】D。考查动词搭配。根据上下文及逻辑可知消防人员应在灭火。put off推迟；put away把收起来；put up举起，张贴；put out扑灭。20. 【错解分析】典型错误:A .错因分析:如果忽视前后场景，弄不清几个备选项的意思，可能会误选A。【答案解析】C。考查形容词词义辨析。该空前的loving表示“有爱心的”，后面的compassionate表示“有同情心的”，这里应填与其并列的caring“关心他人的”。【示例2】本文使用倒叙的形式述说了 Dorothy 学习音乐的故事。一开始说小女儿举办音乐会，由女儿美丽的歌声想到自己年轻时候学习音乐的情况。Dorothy 年轻时很有音乐天赋，先后在法国、意大利和美国学习音乐。不过由于偶遇 David 并相爱，为了爱情而放弃了音乐的学习。不过让她可以感到欣慰的是女儿已成为歌唱家，完成了她的心愿。Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter Lauren was giving her _1_ concert. She had been waiting for this _2_ for years and years. “Now it is here at last,” she thought. “How beautiful her _3_ is.”The song made her _4_ to the days when she was Laurens _5_. As a young _6_, Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied _7_ in France, Italy and in the United States. “You can become a fine _8_ in the future,” her teachers told her. “But you must be _9_ to study hard and work for many years. There will be _10_ time for anything but music in your life.”Dorothy was _11_ at that time and she was _12_ that music was all she wanted or needed to _13_ her life. For almost a year Dorothy _14_ of nothing else. Then she _15_ David, a young engineer traveling Europe. They soon fell in _16_. David asked her to be his _17_. Dorothy also wanted to marry David. But she loved _18_, too. She didnt know what to do. David was against her being a singer. He said, “If you want to be a singer, you must forget about getting married. You cant _19_ do both.” Thus her days were gone and would never return.Now Lauren became a singer instead of her, which was her _20_.1. A. sorryB. successfulC. firstD. wonderful2. A. danceB. momentC. showD. party3. A. voiceB. faceC. dressD. life4. A. think ofB. bring backC. go backD. come back5. A. ageB. friendC. motherD. teacher6. A. musicianB. pop starC. ladyD. girl7. A. FrenchB. musicC. pianoD. dance8. A. actressB. studentC. singerD. dancer9. A. preparedB. learningC. drivenD. waiting10. A. someB. any C. noD. enough11. A. eightB. eighteenC. eightyD. eighty-eight12. A. luckyB. sureC. afraidD. fond13. A. fillB. liveC. leadD. take14. A. heardB. knewC. talkedD. thought15. A. saw off B. learned fromC. heard of D. met with16. A. loveB. feelingC. musicD. touch17. A. assistantB. teacherC. wifeD. student18. A. himB. engineeringC. herselfD. music19. A. certainlyB. possiblyC. onlyD. mainly20. A. thought B. hopeC. purposeD. will参考答案及解析1. 【错解分析】典型错误:B或D.错因分析:如果忽视下文的场景设置容易误选B或D。【答案解析】 C。由下文的“这一时刻她等了好多年了”来看，这里说的是女儿第一次演出。由于演唱会还没有开始，结果未知，因此可排除选项 A、B 和D。2. 【错解分析】典型错误:C.错因分析:如果忽视了上下文的场景设置易误选C【答案解析】B。由下文知道，Dorothy Brown 也曾学习过音乐，但由于认识 David 并结婚而影响了自己在音乐方面的发展，现在正好让女儿来完成自己的心愿。由此可知，她“盼望这一时刻好多年了”。3. 【错解分析】典型错误:D.错因分析:如果忽视了下文的song一词，可能会误选D【答案解析】A。由“今天小女儿 Lauren 将举办演唱会”来看，此处说的是“她的声音真美”。4. 【错解分析】典型错误:A.错因分析:如果忽视了文中to一词可能会误选A，介词后不可以跟to。【答案解析】C。女儿的演出使她想到了和女儿一般大的时候的事情。下面是回忆自己以往学习音乐的情况。go back to the days 意为“回忆起的日子”。5. 【错解分析】典型错误:C.错因分析:如果忽视上下文的场景设置可能误选C。【答案解析】A。从下面的“当还是一个年轻姑娘时，Dorothy 想成为一名歌唱演员”来看，Dorothy 在和女儿差不多大的时候也曾学习过音乐。6. 【错解分析】典型错误:A.错因分析:如果忽视as是“当的时候”而不是“作为”的意思时，可能会误选A【答案解析】. D。当 Dorothy 还是个小女孩时，她想成为一名歌唱演员。7【错解分析】典型错误A错因分析:如果忽视本文主题，以为在法国学法语则可能选A。【答案解析】 B。由上下文可知“她曾在法国、意大利和美国学习过音乐”。8. 【错解分析】典型错误:B.错因分析:如果上一题选错，那么这一题也可能会误选B【答案解析】 C。由上下文可知，此处是老师告诉她以后有能力成为一名出色的歌唱家。9. 【错解分析】典型错误:C.错因分析:如果忽视文章主题和场景可能会误选C，以为是被迫去学。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m【答案解析】 A。前面说“你有能力成为一名出色的歌唱家”，现在话锋一转，“但是你必须愿意努力学习、刻苦勤奋很多年”。be prepared to do sth 表示“有能力并且愿意做某事”。10.