RIP动态路由协议原理与配置.pptx

本章内容RIPv1动态路由协议配置 1RIPv2动态路由协议配置 23RIP动态路由协议原理第1页/共66页6.1 RIP动态路由协议原理 6.1.1 RIP概述协议标准：RFC 1508(v1)及RFC 1723(v2)RIP采用贝尔曼福德（Bellman-Ford）算法目前RIP有两个版本RIPv1和RIPv2。RIP有以下一些主要特性：RIP属于典型的距离向量路由选择协议。RIPv1是一种应用层协议，使用UDP 协议的520端口，通过广播地址255.255.255.255发送和接收路由信息。第2页/共66页6.1.1 RIP概述（续）RIP有以下一些主要特性(续)：RIP以到目的网络的最小跳数作为路由选择的度量标准，而不是在链路的带宽和延迟的基础上进行选择。RIP是为小型网络设计的。它的最大跳数为15跳，16跳为无穷远，只能应用在中小型网络中。RIPv1是一种有类路由协议，不支持不连续子网设计。RIP周期进行路由更新，将路由表广播给邻居路由器，广播周期为30秒。RIP的管理距离为120。第3页/共66页6.1.1 RIP概述（续）RIPv2与RIPv1不同的特点：RIPv2（RFC 1723）是RIPv1的扩展版本。在RIPv2的消息包中包含了子网掩码信息。在RIPv2中，更新消息发送到多播地址224.0.0.9。RIPv2可以关闭自动汇总特性。第4页/共66页6.1.1 RIP概述（续）2RIP消息（数据包）头部格式分析第5页/共66页6.1.1 RIP概述（续）2RIP消息（数据包）头部格式分析第6页/共66页图6-3 RIP请求（request）报文的解码结果第7页/共66页图6-4 RIP响应（response）报文的解码结果第8页/共66页6.1.2 RIP原理1路由表维护第9页/共66页路由更新的发送第10页/共66页路由更新的接收第11页/共66页2路由自环问题第12页/共66页第13页/共66页第14页/共66页3解决路由自环问题计数到无穷在这种方案中，RIP将路由表中任一路由条目的代价值限制为15跳。同时，用代价值16表明一个网络不可达。但是，计数到无穷的提出限制了路由网络的规模。第15页/共66页4解决路由自环问题水平分割从某个接口收到的路由更新信息不再从该接口发出第16页/共66页5解决路由自环问题触发更新RIP规定：当网络发生变化（新网络的加入、原有网络的消失）时，路由器将立刻发送路由更新消息而不用等待更新计时器到时。触发更新只是在概率上降低了自环发生的可能性。第17页/共66页6解决路由自环问题路由毒杀和反转毒杀路由毒化路由毒化对于失效的网段，直接使用无穷大的度量（16跳）传播关于路由失效的坏消息。以加快无效路由的收敛速度。毒性逆转毒性逆转当路由器学习到一条毒化路由（度量值为16）时，对这条路由忽略水平分割的规则，并通告毒化的路由。第18页/共66页7解决路由自环问题抑制定时器抑制计时器抑制计时器在抑制时间内，失效的路由不接受任何更新信息，除非这条信息是从原始通告这条路由的路由器来的；时间一般是180s；减少了路由的浮动，增加了网络的稳定性。第19页/共66页8RIP中的计时器更新（Update）周期时间30秒失效（Invalid）计时器180秒清空（Flushed）计时器240秒抑制（Hold-down）计时器180秒第20页/共66页第21页/共66页6.2 RIPv1动态路由协议配置 6.2.1 RIP基本配置第22页/共66页6.2.1 RIP基本配置第23页/共66页6.2.2 RIP基本诊断命令1.Show 命令2.Debug命令 第24页/共66页图6-16 显示动态路由协议的配置参数第25页/共66页第26页/共66页6.2.3 配置单播更新和被动接口RIP被动接口：RIP路由器的某个端口仅仅学习RIP 路由，并不进行RIP 路由通告Router(config-router)#passive-interface default|interface-type interface-num RIP 报文单播更新：RIP 路由信息需要通过非广播网络传输，或需要限制一个接口通告广播式的路由更新报文 Router(config-router)#neighbor ip-address 第27页/共66页6.2.4 负载分担配置 第28页/共66页6.2.4 负载分担配置 第29页/共66页6.2.5 RIP缺省路由第30页/共66页6.2.5 RIP缺省路由第31页/共66页6.2.5 RIP缺省路由第32页/共66页6.2.6 RIP配置实例1.0.0.02.0.0.03.0.0.04.0.0.0.1.1.2.2路由器路由器A路由器路由器B路由器路由器C.1.1Lo 0F0/0F0/0F0/1F0/1Lo 0RouterA(config)#router ripRouterA(config)#router ripRouterA(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0RouterA(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0RouterA(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0RouterA(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0RouterA(config-router)#endRouterA(config-router)#end路由路由路由路由B B、C C配置类似配置类似配置类似配置类似第33页/共66页6.2.6 RIP配置实例路由器路由器A的初始路由更新内容的初始路由更新内容 RouterA#debug ip ripRouterA#debug ip ripJul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Output timer expired to send reponse Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Output timer expired to send reponse Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Prepare to send Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCASTBROADCAST response.response.Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/0Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/0Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Send packet to Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 5202.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/0 on FastEthernet 0/0 Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Prepare to send Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCASTBROADCAST response.response.Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Building update entries on Loopback 0Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Building update entries on Loopback 0Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:network 2.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:network 2.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Send packet to Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Send packet to 1.255.255.255 Port 5201.255.255.255 Port 520 on Loopback 0 on Loopback 0 Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Schedule response send timer Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Schedule response send timer 第34页/共66页6.2.6 RIP配置实例路由器路由器A的路由表的路由表 RouterA#show ip routeRouterA#show ip routeCodes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP B-BGPCodes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP B-BGP O-OSPF,IA-OSPF inter area O-OSPF,IA-OSPF inter area N1-OSPF NSSA external type 1,N2-OSPF NSSA external type 2 N1-OSPF NSSA external type 1,N2-OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1-OSPF external type 1,E2-OSPF external type 2 E1-OSPF external type 1,E2-OSPF external type 2 i-IS-IS,L1-IS-IS level-1,L2-IS-IS level-2,ia-IS-IS inter area i-IS-IS,L1-IS-IS level-1,L2-IS-IS level-2,ia-IS-IS inter area *-candidate default *-candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setGateway of last resort is no setC 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,Loopback 0C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,Loopback 0C 1.0.0.1/32 is local host.C 1.0.0.1/32 is local host.C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/0C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/0C 2.0.0.1/32 is local host.C 2.0.0.1/32 is local host.R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 2.0.0.2,00:00:00,FastEthernet 0/0R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 2.0.0.2,00:00:00,FastEthernet 0/0R 4.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 2.0.0.2,00:00:00,FastEthernet 0/0 R 4.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 2.0.0.2,00:00:00,FastEthernet 0/0 第35页/共66页6.2.6 RIP配置实例在水平分割作用下，路由器B的更新内容为：RouterB#debug ip ripRouterB#debug ip ripJul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Output timer expired to send reponse Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Output timer expired to send reponse Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/0Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/0Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 3.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 3.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 4.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 4.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/0 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/0 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 2.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 2.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Schedule response send timer Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Schedule response send timer 第36页/共66页6.2.6 RIP配置实例在路由器B的两个接口上关闭水平分割其更新内容为：RouterB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0RouterB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0RouterB(config-if)#no ip split-horizon RouterB(config-if)#no ip split-horizon RouterB(config-if)#exitRouterB(config-if)#exitRouterB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1RouterB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1RouterB(config-if)#no ip split-horizon RouterB(config-if)#no ip split-horizon RouterB(config-if)#endRouterB(config-if)#end第37页/共66页6.2.6 RIP配置实例RouterB#debug ip ripRouterB#debug ip ripJul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Output timer expired to send reponse Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Output timer expired to send reponse Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/0FastEthernet 0/0Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 2network 1.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 2.0.0.0 metric 1network 2.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 3.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 3.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 4.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 4.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/0 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/0 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 2.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 2.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 3.0.0.0 metric 1network 3.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 4.0.0.0 metric 2network 4.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Schedule response send timer Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Schedule response send timer 第38页/共66页6.2.6 RIP配置实例在路由器C上将loopback 0端口关闭，会触发一个相应的毒化路由更新 Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP InterfaceLoopback 0 is downing Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP InterfaceLoopback 0 is downing Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP 4.0.0.0/8 RIP route disabling.4.0.0.0/8 RIP route disabling.Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP Schedule output trigger timer Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP Schedule output trigger timer Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP 4.0.0.0/8 route timer schedule.Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP 4.0.0.0/8 route timer schedule.Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP InterfaceLoopback 0 is to be deleted Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP InterfaceLoopback 0 is to be deleted Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Skip route1.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Skip route1.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Skip route2.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Skip route2.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Skip route3.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Skip route3.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:network 4.0.0.0 metric 16network 4.0.0.0 metric 16Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 第39页/共66页6.2.6 RIP配置实例路由器路由器B收到毒化路由后的路由表收到毒化路由后的路由表 RouterB#show ip routeRouterB#show ip routeCodes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP B-BGPCodes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP B-BGP O-OSPF,IA-OSPF inter area O-OSPF,IA-OSPF inter area N1-OSPF NSSA external type 1,N2-OSPF NSSA external type 2 N1-OSPF NSSA external type 1,N2-OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1-OSPF external type 1,E2-OSPF external type 2 E1-OSPF external type 1,E2-OSPF external type 2 i-IS-IS,L1-IS-IS level-1,L2-IS-IS level-2,ia-IS-IS inter area i-IS-IS,L1-IS-IS level-1,L2-IS-IS level-2,ia-IS-IS inter area *-candidate default *-candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setGateway of last resort is no setR 1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 2.0.0.1,00:00:21,FastEthernet 0/0R 1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 2.0.0.1,00:00:21,FastEthernet 0/0C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/0C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/0C 2.0.0.2/32 is local host.C 2.0.0.2/32 is local host.C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/1C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/1C 3.0.0.1/32 is local host.C 3.0.0.1/32 is local host.R 4.0.0.0/8 is R 4.0.0.0/8 is possibly downpossibly down,routing via 3.0.0.2,00:00:33,FastEthernet 0/1,routing via 3.0.0.2,00:00:33,FastEthernet 0/1 第40页/共66页6.2.6 RIP配置实例指定路由器B上使用的RIP版本为版本2路由器B只接收和发送RIPv2的更新报文：RouterB(config)#router ripRouterB(config)#router ripRouterB(config-router)#version 2RouterB(config-router)#version 2RouterB(config-router)#no auto-summary RouterB(config-router)#no auto-summary RouterB(config-router)#endRouterB(config-router)#end第41页/共66页6.2.6 RIP配置实例RouterB#debug ip ripRouterB#debug ip ripJul 20 04:09:22 RouterB%7:RIP RIP recveived packet,sock=2125 src=Jul 20 04:09:22 RouterB%7:RIP RIP recveived packet,sock=2125 src=3.0.0.2 3.0.0.2 len=24len=24Jul 20 04:09:22 RouterB%7:RIP Jul 20 04:09:22 RouterB%7:RIP Received packet version mismatchReceived packet version mismatchJul 20 04:09:34 RouterB%7:RIP RIP recveived packet,sock=2125 src=Jul 20 04:09:34 RouterB%7:RIP RIP recveived packet,sock=2125 src=2.0.0.1 2.0.0.1 len=24len=24Jul 20 04:09:34 RouterB%7:RIP Jul 20 04:09:34 RouterB%7:RIP Received packet version mismatchReceived packet version mismatchJul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to sendJul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send MULTICAST MULTICAST response.response.Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/0Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/0Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:3.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 1 tag 0Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:3.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 1 tag 0Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:4.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 2 tag 0Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:4.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 2 tag 0Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 224.0.0.9 Port 520224.0.0.9 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/0 on FastEthernet 0/0 Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send MULTICAST MULTICAST response.response.Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:1.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 2 tag 0Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:1.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 2 tag 0Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:2.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 1 tag 0Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:2.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 metric 1 tag 0Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 224.0.0.9 Port 520224.0.0.9 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 on FastEthernet 0/1 第42页/共66页6.2.6 RIP配置实例配置配置RIPv2的路由器的路由器B的路由表的路由表 RouterB#show ip routeRouterB#show ip routeCodes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP B-BGPCodes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP B-BGP O-OSPF,IA-OSPF inter area O-OSPF,IA-OSPF inter area N1-OSPF NSSA external type 1,N2-OSPF NSSA external type 2 N1-OSPF NSSA external type 1,N2-OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1-OSPF external type 1,E2-OSPF external type 2 E1-OSPF external type 1,E2-OSPF external type 2 i-IS-IS,L1-IS-IS level-1,L2-IS-IS level-2,ia-IS-IS inter area i-IS-IS,L1-IS-IS level-1,L2-IS-IS level-2,ia-IS-IS inter area *-candidate default *-candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setGateway of last resort is no setC 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/0C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/0C 2.0.0.2/32 is local host.C 2.0.0.2/32 is local host.C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/1C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/1C 3.0.0.1/32 is local host.C 3.0.0.1/32 is local host.第43页/共66页实验3 根据拓扑图连接及配置路由器基本