人版七年级英语(下册)第三单元知识点总结.doc

. .知识点讲解一、重点词组及短语：1. _ _ _学校规章制度2. _/ _ _ _遵守规章制度；_ _ _违反规章制度3. _ _ _ _ = _ _ _ _上课迟到4. _ _饭厅，餐厅5. _ _在课堂上6. _ _准时（_ _及时）7. _ _ _ _在教室里吃东西8. _ _ _戴帽子9. _ _听10. _ _校服11. _ _穿制服12. _ _我明白了13. _ _do不得不做14. _/ _ _保持安静16. _（_）_制订规则18. _ _ _在上学期间19. _ _ _在校期间的晚上20. _ _ _ = _ _ _ _练习弹钢琴practice doing练习做21. _ _外出22. _ _看望朋友23. _ _ _ = _ _ _打扫房间24. _ _ _洗餐具25. _ _ / _ _太多的(可数/不可数)26. _ _ _ = _ _ _铺床27. _ _ _去睡觉_ _ _在床上28. _ _ (sb/sth/doing sth)考虑（某人/某物/做某事）29. _ _ _ sb _sth对某人要求严格30. _ _ _ _学（做某事）31. _ _ _ = _ _不要说话。二、知识点解析1.Ms./Mrs./Miss.Ms.：“女士”，用于婚姻状况不明或不想区分婚否的女子的姓前。Mrs.：“夫人”，用于已婚女子姓前。Miss.：“小姐”用于未婚女子姓前，还常用于年轻的女教师的姓前，可译为“老师”。2. in time和on time区别_ _“及时”，指没有迟到，时间还充裕；_ _“准时，按时”，指按规定的时刻不早不晚。He always go to school_time.他总是按时上学。Fireman reached the house on fire _ time.消防员及时赶到那幢失火的房子。3.hear、listen和soundhear听说侧重于听的内容；listen听侧重于听这一动作；sound听起来它是系动词后面接形容词等Im sorry to _ that you are ill.听说你生病了我很难过。It _like fun.听起来挺有趣。That _ great.那听着真很好。_ _me carefully.认真听我说。The children like to_ _music.孩子们喜欢听音乐。4.辨析take,bringtake“带走，拿走”指把东西从说话地带到别的地方；bring“带来”指把东西从别处带到说话地。Can you help me to_the books to the classroom?你能帮我把这些书带到教室里去吗？_ your homework here tomorrow,please.请你明天把作业带到这儿来。5.be strict with sb“对某人严厉”be strict in (doing) sth“对某事要求严格”Mr. White is very strict _ us.怀特先生对我们要求很严格。We should be strict _ ourselves.我们应该对自己要求严格。Our boss is strict _ our work.我们的老板对我们的工作要求严格。6.remember“记得，记住”，forget“忘记，忘了”，remember_sth记得已做某事（已做）；remember_ _sth记得要做某事（还没做）I remember seeing him once.我记得见过他一次。Remember to post the letter for me.记得给我寄这封信。7.help“帮助”，help sb_ _sth帮助某人做某事；help还可作名词，表示“帮助”，是不可数。help sb_sth(n.)帮助某人做某事；help oneself to+n.请随便用I often help him with his lessons.我常帮他学功课。Please help yourselves to some fruit.请随便吃些水果。8.too many, too much与much too易混词组意义及用法例句toomany形容词，“太，太多”，接_There are too many people in the park.toomuch形容词，“太多”，接_I have too much homework today.muchtoo副词，“太，非常”，接_/ _My mother is much too busy.【典型例题】I have _skirts and this one is _large for me, so you can take it if you like.A. too many; too muchB. too much; much tooC. too many; much too9.either,too与also易混词意义及用法例句either“也”，用于_句，置于_时用“，”隔开I wont go there,either.too“也”，用于_句句末，用“，”隔开I like dancing,too.also“也”，用于_，句中I also like English.【典型例题】I dont like her, _.A.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.to10. _ _= _ _ _玩得开心，过得愉快11.No talking ! 禁止交谈。no后面加上名词或动名词doing也表示不要做某事。与dont +do的用法相似。Eg:_wet umbrellas! /_put wet umbrellas here!禁止放湿雨伞_food!_eat food here!禁止吃食物_smoking!_smoke here!禁止吸烟三、重点语法1.情态动词have to的用法：意思是必须、不得不它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。结构：主语+have to+动词原形+其他一般现在时：主语是第三人称单数时用has to，其它时候用have to（过去时：无论人称和单复数都用had to.）Eg:We_ _ wear sneakers for gym class.在体育课上我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom _ _ practice the guitar every day.汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。否定形式:主语+dont have to+动词原形+其他一般现在时:主语是第三人称单数时用doesnt have to,其它时候用dont have to.(过去时:无论人称和单复数都用didnt have to)Eg:Nick _ _ _ wear a uniform.尼克不必穿制服。We_ _ _ do our homework at once.我们不必马上完成作业。疑问句：Do、Does或Did+主语+have to+动词原形+其他Eg:-Do you have to stay at home on weekends?周末你必须呆在家里吗-_，_ _是的我必须。/ _，_ _不我不必。【典型例题】Lucy has to wear sports shoes for gym class.(该为否定句)Lucy _ _ _ wear sports shoes for gym class.2.情态动词must的用法：must表示说话人的主观看法，及主观上的必要性，还用于命令或愿望。只用于现在时，无人称和单数的变化。在表示过去、将来和完成时，用have to的相应形式来代替must.在表示有做某一个动作的必要和义务，它的意思是“必须，应该”。Eg:You must finish your homework fist.你必须先完成作业。表示有很大把握的判断或者推测，意思是“一定，准是”。Eg:The tall man must be your father.那个高个子男人一定是你的爸爸。以must开头的一般疑问句，它的否定回答用neednt（不必要），不用mustnt（不允许），mustnt常用于否定句中表示“不允许，禁止”。Eg:-Must I go there on foot?我必须得走过去吗？-No,you neednt.不，你不需要。You mustnt park your car here.你的车不允许停在这儿。【典型例题】Its very warm outside.You _wear the coat.A.have toB.hadntC.dont have toD.mustnt3.情态动词can的用法：表示能力：会能，在第上册中已经学习这种用法Eg:Can you play the guitar?你会弹吉它吗Judy can speak a little Chinese.朱蒂会说一点中文。I can dance and sing.我能唱歌又能跳舞。表示允许、许可：可以、能即在这一课中新学的词义Eg:Can the students run in the hallways?学生们可以在走廊上跑吗We can eat outside.我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in?我能进来吗注意：同样是情态动词can和have to的用法是有区别的，和大部分情态动词一样，can在否定句中直接在can后加上not；在疑问句中把can放到主语前面，并且没有人称和数的变化，而have to是有相应变化的，详情请参照上一条。【典型例题】The children _play football on the road.A.canB.mustC.mustntD.may-Must I clean the blackboard? -No,you_.A.needntB.mustntC.cantD.may notYour mother _there,she has gone to America.A.must beB.could beC.may beD.cant be4.祈使句（Imperative Sentence）定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号或感叹号来表示结束。祈使句的肯定句：行为动词原形+其他Eg:Go and wash your hands.去洗你的手。命令Be quiet, please.= Please be quiet.请安静。请求Be kind to our sister.对姐妹要和善。劝告Watch your steps.走路小心。警告Look out！Danger！小心！危险！强烈警告，已如感叹句Keep off the grass.勿践草坪。禁止No parking.禁止停车。禁止以Let开头的祈使句，Let后宾语是是第一人称时，否定形式是在宾语后加not,Eg:Lets not do that again.我们别再那样做了。如果Let后面宾语是第三人称，否定形式是在Let前加助动词Dont,Eg:Dont let them come in.别让他们进来。祈使句的否定通常使用“Dont ”，Dont+动词原形（行为动词/be动词）+其他Eg: _let the dog in.不要让那只狗进来。_touch, please.请不要用手触摸。_ be noisy.别吵了。祈使句有时也把主语“You”表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如：Eg: You go and tell him, Chris.克立斯你去告诉他。【典型例题】1._late for class!A.DontB.Not beC.Dont be2._worry about me Mom. Ive grown up.A.DontB.Dont beC.NotD.Not be3.Run in the hallways.（改为否定句）_ _in the hallways.4.英译汉：别在马路上跑。_作文写写你的家规和你的感觉。早上，上学，放学，晚上，和周末。_Unit 4 Dont eat in class知识点讲解一、重点词组及短语：1.school rules学校规章制度2.break（fallow/keep）the rules违反(遵守)规章制度3. arrive late for class = be late for class上课迟到4.dining hall饭厅，餐厅5. in class在课堂上6.on time准时（in time及时）7. eat in the classroom在教室里吃东西8. wear a hat (hats)戴帽子9. listen to听10.school uniforms校服11. wear uniforms穿制服12.I see我明白了13. have to do不得不做14.be（keep）quiet保持安静15.according to根据，依据16.make（up）ruler制订规则17.share（sth）with sb和某人分享（）18. on school days在上学期间19. on school nights在校期间的晚上20. practice (playing) the piano练习弹钢琴practice doing练习做21.go out外出22.see friends看望朋友23.clean (ones) room打扫房间24.do the dishes洗餐具25. too many/much太多的(可数/不可数)26.make (ones) bed铺床27.go to bed去睡觉（be in bed在床上）28.think about (sb/sth/doing sth)考虑（某人/某物/做某事）29.be strict (with sb)对某人）要求严格30.learn to do sth学（做某事）31. Dont talk. = No talking.不要说话。二、知识点解析1.Dont fight.不要打架。fight作动词，意为“打架、打仗”。其过去式为fought.fight for“为而斗争”，后面常接抽象名词，表示为事业、自由等而斗争。Eg:They are fighting for freedom.他们正为自由而战。fight against“为反对而战斗”，后接事物名词、人和国家名词。Eg: They fought against the enemy.他们和敌人作战。fight with“和打架”，“同（并肩）战斗”，后只接表示人或国家的名词。Eg:Dont fight with him.不要和他打架。【典型例题】They fought _the Italians in the last war,but_them in this war.A. with; withB. with;forC. against ; againstD.with; against2.Ms./Mrs./Miss.Ms.：“女士”，用于婚姻状况不明或不想区分婚否的女子的姓前。Mrs.：“夫人”，用于已婚女子姓前。Madam:也用于已婚女子，意为“夫人、女士”，一般单独使用，不与姓连用Miss.：“小姐”用于未婚女子姓前，还常用于年轻的女教师的姓前，可译为“老师”。3.辨析：get to/reach/arrive相同点：都是“到达“的意思不同点：get to+地点；reach+地点arrive at+小地点（车站等）；arrive in+大地点（国家等）注意：get to与地点副词（here/there/home）不用介词toEg:I want to go to Beijing.I got home at 15:00.我下午三点到的家。arrive是不及物动词，后面若接地点名词则要和in/at连用，接地点副词时则不用介词。Eg: I arrived home at 15:00. =I got home at 15:00.He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.他昨天到的上海。He arrived yesterday.他昨天到的。reach是及物动词，后面直接接地点名词或副词。Eg:When will they reach here?【典型例题】-What time did the team_the top of the mountain?-At about 4:30 p.m.A.comeB.goC.arriveD.arrive at4.on time“准时，按时”，指按规定的时刻不早不晚。Eg:He always go to school on time.他总是按时上学。in time“及时”，指没有迟到，时间还充裕。Eg:Fireman reached the house on fire in time.消防员及时赶到那幢失火的房子。5.hear、listen和sound都有听的意思，但三者是有区别的：hear听说侧重于听的内容。Eg:Im sorry to hear that you are ill.听说你生病了我很难过。I never heard such an interesting story.我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。listen听侧重于听这一动作。Eg:Listen to me carefully.认真听我说。The children like to listen to music.孩子们喜欢听音乐。sound听起来它是系动词后面接形容词等。Eg:That sounds great.那听起来真不错。It sounds like fun.听起来挺有趣。【典型例题】_carefully,or you are not able to_anything. (be able to do sth能够做)A.Hear;listenB.Listen;hearC.Hear;listenD.Listen;listen6.辨析take,bringtake“带走，拿走”指把东西从说话地带到别的地方。Eg:Can you help me to take the books to the classroom?你能帮我把这些书带到教室里去吗？bring“带来”指把东西从别处带到说话地。Eg:Bring your homework here tomorrow,please.请你明天把作业带到这儿来。【典型例题】_away this dirty shirt and _me a clean one.A.Take;bringB.Take;takeC.Bring;takeD.Bring;bring7. strict是形容词，意为“严格的”；“严厉的”，通常与be动词连用。be strict with sb“对某人严厉”Eg:Mr. White is very strict with us.怀特先生对我们要求很严格。We should be strict with ourselves.我们应该对自己要求严格。be strict in (doing) sth“对某事要求严格”Eg:Our boss is strict in our work.我们的老板对我们的工作要求严格。8.remember“记得，记住”，是及物动词，可以直接加名词。remember doing sth记得已做某事（已做）Eg:I remember seeing him once.我记得见过他一次。remember to do sth记得要做某事（还没做）Eg:Remember to post the letter for me.记得给我寄这封信。forget“忘记，忘了”，作remember反义词时，用法和remember相同。9.help作动词意为“帮助”，常用的结构有：help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事help sb with sth(n.)帮助某人做某事Eg:I often help him with his lessons.我常帮他学功课。help oneself(myself/yourself/herself) to+n.请随便用Eg:Please help yourselves to some fruit.请随便吃些水果。help还可作名词，表示“帮助”，是不可数。10.too mang,too much与much too易混词组意义及用法例句toomang形容词，“太，太多”，接可数名词There are too mang people in the park.toomuch形容词，“太多”，接不可数名词I have too much homework today.muchtoo副词，“太，非常”，接形容词或副词My mother is much too busy.【典型例题】I have _skirts and this one is _large for me,so you can take it if you like.A. too mang; too muchB. too much; much tooC. too mang; much too11.either,too与also易混词意义及用法例句either“也”，用于否定句中，置于句末时用“，”隔开I wont go there,either.too“也”，用于肯定句句末，用“，”隔开I like dancing,too.also“也”，用于肯定句句中I also like English.【典型例题】I dont like her, _.A.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.to10.have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得开心，过得愉快12.be in bed 在床上、卧床，in和bed之间不能用冠词，bed也不用复数。Eg:He is in bed for 10 years.他卧床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。.13.No talking ! 禁止交谈。no后面加上名词或动名词doing也表示不要做某事。与dont +do的用法相似。Eg:No wet umbrellas! / Dont put wet umbrellas here!禁止放湿雨伞No food! Dont eat food here!禁止吃食物No smoking! Dont smoke here!禁止吸烟三、重点语法2.情态动词have to的用法：意思是必须、不得不它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。结构：主语+have to+动词原形+其他一般现在时：主语是第三人称单数时用has to，其它时候用have to（过去时：无论人称和单复数都用had to.）Eg:We have to wear sneakers for gym class.在体育课上我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day.汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。（I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday.上周一我不得不早上5点起床。）否定形式:主语+dont have to+动词原形+其他一般现在时:主语是第三人称单数时用doesnt have to,其它时候用dont have to.(过去时:无论人称和单复数都用didnt have to)Eg:Nick doesnt have to wear a uniform.尼克不必穿制服。We didnt have to do our homework at once.我们不必马上完成作业。疑问句：Do、Does或Did+主语+have to+动词原形+其他Eg:-Do you have to stay at home on weekends?周末你必须呆在家里吗-Yes, I do. / No, I dont.是的我必须。不我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night?昨晚他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗？【典型例题】Lucy has to wear sports shoes for gym class.(该为否定句)Lucy _ _ to wear sports shoes for gym class.2.情态动词must的用法：must表示说话人的主观看法，及主观上的必要性，还用于命令或愿望。只用于现在时，无人称和单数的变化。在表示过去、将来和完成时，用have to的相应形式来代替must.在表示有做某一个动作的必要和义务，它的意思是“必须，应该”。Eg:You must finish your homework fist.你必须先完成作业。表示有很大把握的判断或者推测，意思是“一定，准是”。Eg:The tall man must be your father.那个高个子男人一定是你的爸爸。以must开头的一般疑问句，它的否定回答用neednt（不必要），不用mustnt（不允许），mustnt常用于否定句中表示“不允许，禁止”。Eg:-Must I go there on foot?我必须得走过去吗？-No,you neednt.不，你不需要。You mustnt park your car here.你的车不允许停在这儿。【典型例题】Its very warm outside.You _wear the coat.A.have toB.hadntC.dont have toD.mustnt3.情态动词can的用法：表示能力：会能，在第上册中已经学习这种用法Eg:Can you play the guitar?你会弹吉它吗Judy can speak a little Chinese.朱蒂会说一点中文。I can dance and sing.我能唱歌又能跳舞。表示允许、许可：可以、能即在这一课中新学的词义Eg:Can the students run in the hallways?学生们可以在走廊上跑吗We can eat outside.我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in?我能进来吗注意：同样是情态动词can和have to的用法是有区别的，和大部分情态动词一样，can在否定句中直接在can后加上not；在疑问句中把can放到主语前面，并且没有人称和数的变化，而have to是有相应变化的，详情请参照上一条。【典型例题】The children _play football on the road.A.canB.mustC.mustntD.may-Must I clean the blackboard?-No,you_.A.needntB.mustntC.cantD.may notYour mother _there,she has gone to America.A.must beB.could beC.may beD.cant be4.祈使句（Imperative Sentence）定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号或感叹号来表