牛津英语8BUnit8agreenworld知识点+练习.doc

牛津英语8B Unit8 a green world 知识总结
词汇拓展
1.wise (adj.明智的)→wisely（adv.明智地）→ wisdom(n.智慧) 
2.pollute (v.污染)→pollution(n.污染）→polluted (adj.被污染的) 
3.serious (adj.严肃的)→seriously（adv.严肃地） →more serious (比较级)
4.recycle( v.循环)→recycling（n.）循环利用
5.different (adj.不同的)→　difference（n.不同点）→ differently (adv.不同地) 
6.punish (v.惩罚)→punishment（n.惩罚） 
7.careless (adj.粗心的)→　carelessness（n.粗心） →carelessly（adv.粗心地） 
8.harm (v.伤害)→harmful（adj.）有害的 →　harmless （adj.）无害的
9.simple (adj.简单的)→simply（adv.简直） 
10.power (n.力量)→powerful（adj.有力量的） 
11.dig v.→digging（现在分词） →　dug（过去式） →dug（过去分词）
12.allow v.→allowed（过去式） → allowed（过去分词）
13.produce(v.产生)→production(n.产品)
14.dust(n.灰尘)→dusty(adj.有灰尘的)
重点短语
Welcome to the unit and comic strip
1. plant trees 种树
2. be good for... 对。。。有好处
3. reduce air pollution 减少空气污染
4. save water 节约用水
5. take shorter showers 缩短洗澡时间
6. turn off the lights 关灯
7. protect the environment by recycling waste 通过回收利用废品来保护环境
8. live a green life 过着环保的生活
9. used to 曾经
10. drive me to school 开车送我去上学
11. take the underground 乘地铁
12. cause serious air pollution 引起严重的空气污染
Reading
13. a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes 一个有着青山和干净蓝色湖泊的国家
14. be separated into different groups 被分为不同的族群
15. learn about an organization for recycling clothes 了解一个回收服装的组织
16. collect old clothes from all over the country 从全国各地收集旧衣服
17. be sold in charity shops 放在慈善店出售
18. be given to the poor 被送给穷人
19. be sent to factories for recycling 被送到工厂回收利用
20. have many laws to do 有许多法律来做某事
21. for example 例如
22. be not allowed to cut down trees 不被允许砍伐树木
23. drop litter in a public place 在公共场合丢垃圾
24. be fined by the police 被警察罚款
25. limit air and water pollution 限制空气和水污染
26. our greatest treasure 我们最大的财富
27. depend on 依靠
28. rich resources 丰富的资源
29. use energy from the sun, wind and water 使用来自太阳、风和水的能源
30. these new types of energy 这些新型能源
31. cost very little 花费很少
32. run out 用完
33. produce little pollution 几乎不产生污染
34. World Environment Day 世界环境日
35. do ... for the environment 为环境做某事
36. do something to make a difference 做点事情以起到作用
Grammar ---task
37. cause a result 导致一个结果
38. be used up 被用完
39. do something wrong 做错事
40. something used 用过的东西
41. so that 为了
42. set up 成立
43. protect nature 保护自然
44. keep their country clean 保持他们的国家干净
45. do with 处理
46. sound like a good idea 听起来像是一个好主意
47. be invited to the show 被邀请到这个展览
48. at the show 在演出中
49. one of the biggest problems 最大的问题之一
50. be thrown into lakes and rivers 被扔到河里和湖里
51. be filled with 被填满
52. as well as 也；和。。。一样
53. act to improve the environment 采取行动改善环境
54. living things 有生命的东西
55. have a chance to do 有机会做某事
56. on that day 在那天
57. make the world a better place 使这个世界更好
58. turn off the tap 关水龙头
59. brush teeth 刷牙
60. take showers for less than 10 minutes 洗澡不超过10 分钟
61. use both sides of the paper 用纸的两面
62. take their own bags to the supermarket 自己带袋子去超市
63. do a survey 调查
64. be asked about their daily habits 被问及他们的日常习惯
65. the results of 。。。的结果
66. look nicer with more trees around 有更多的树看起来更好
67. reduce dust 减少灰尘
68. be harmful to our health 对健康有害
69. keep soil in place 保护土壤不流失
70. not only... but (also)... 不但。。。而且。。。
71. be dug up from the ground 被从地里挖出
72. as a result 结果
73. if possible 如果可能
74. some simple steps to take 一些简单的措施可以采取
75. in use 使用
76. in order to save power 为了节省能源
77. develop a green lifestyle 形成环保的生活方式
核心考点
❶turn off 关掉（电器、煤气、水龙头等）
【点拨】 turn off 是由“动词+副词”构成的短语,名词作宾语时既可放在off前,也可放在off后;代词作宾语时必须放在turn和off 之间。
Tom, it’s time to turn off the TV and go to bed. 汤姆,该关掉电视上床睡觉了。
【拓展】 与turn 相关的短语:
turn on 打开（电器、煤气、水龙头等）
turn up调大（音量等）　turn down 调小（音量等）
turn around 转身,调头 turn into （使）变成 turn to 翻到;转向
【典例】 [2018·重庆] Please________the TV. It’s time to go to bed. 
A.turn on B.turn off C.put on D.put off
❷ separate vt.& vi. 分开,隔开
【点拨】 separate…from意为“把……从……中分离出来”。
He separated the big eggs from the small ones.
他把那些大鸡蛋和小鸡蛋分开。
【拓展】 divide作动词,意为“划分,分开”。divide…into…意为“把……分成……”。
My mother divided an apple into two halves just now.　
我妈妈刚才把一个苹果分成了两半。
❸ difference n. 差异,不同（之处）
【点拨】 difference一般用作可数名词。make a difference意为“有关系,有影响”;make a big difference to…意为“对……有很大影响”。
There are many differences between living in a big city and living in the country.
生活在大城市与生活在乡村有许多不同之处。
The exam will make a big difference to us. 这次考试将对我们有很大影响。
【拓展】 difference的形容词形式是different,意为“不同的”。be different from意为“与……不同”;be different in意为“在……方面不同”。
【典例】 [2018·孝感] —Which should we start with, Water World or Space World?
—Either is OK; it makes no 　　　　to me. 
A.mistake B.promise C.difference D.decision
❹ harm vt. & n. 伤害,损害
The medicine did not harm him. Instead, it saved his life. 这种药没有伤害他,相反,却救了他的命。
It wouldn’t do him any harm to work a bit harder.
工作再努力点儿对他没什么害处。
【拓展】 harm的形容词形式是harmful,意为“有害的”。do harm to…=be harmful to…,意为“对……有害”。
【典例】 Drinking alcohol（白酒） can be 　　　　the brain. So people in China aren’t allowed to drink it if they are younger than 18.
A.good at B.good with
C.harmful to D.thirsty for
❺ alive/living/lively/live/life
词条
词性
含义
用法
alive
形容词
活着的,在世的
通常只作表语或后置定语。keep alive 活着
living
形容词
活着的;有生命的 
living things 生物        the living 活着的人
名词
生计
make a living谋生
lively
形容词
有生气的,生机勃勃的
make his class lively 使他的课生动
live
动词
活着, 生活, 居住
live in sp 居住在某处
形容词或副词
现场直播
be covered live 现场直播
life
名词
生命,生活
复数为lives
【典例】 选用方框内的单词填空
lively　living　alive　live
（1）A_________person is always full of energy. 
（2）The fish we caught yesterday is still ___________.　
（3）The 2018 FIFA World Cup was covered_________on TV from 14th June to 15th July. 
（4）His uncle makes a_______________as a driver. 
❻ run out/run out of
词条
含义及用法
run out
意为“用完”,不及物动词短语,无被动形式,主语一般为物
run out of
意为“用完”,及物动词短语,表主动含义,主语一般是人
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。
He is always running out of money before payday.
他总是发工资的日子还没到就把钱花完了。
【拓展】 run out of还有“从……跑出”的意思。
Class is over.The students run out of the classroom. 下课了,学生们从教室里跑了出来。
【典例】 [2019·原创] 用run out或run out of的适当形式填空
（1）They ________their food and water seven days later, but they were far from the village. They didn’t know what to do. 
（2）Don’t waste rice, or it will ________　in a few days. Then you’ll go hungry. 
❼ For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. 例如,不允许我们砍树。
【点拨】 allow的用法:

She didn’t allow me to drive her car.她不允许我开她的车。
He isn’t allowed to go for a drive.他不被允许开车兜风。
【典例】[2018·孝感] Attention, please! Without permission, children are not allowed________alone here. 
A. to swim B.swimming C.swim D.swam
❽ Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today. 如今,污染是世界上最大的问题之一。
【点拨】 one of the biggest problems意为“最大的问题之一”。“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表达的是单数概念,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
Li Bai is one of the greatest poets all over the world.李白是全世界最伟大的诗人之一。
【典例】 [2018·青岛] Mount Lao is one of ________mountains in Qingdao.Many tourists like climbing it every year. 
A.famous B.the more famous
C.most famous D.the most famous
语法总结
一般将来时被动语态
语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者（受动者）。本单元的语法是一般将来时态的被动语态，现就其用法归纳如下：

一、一般将来时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成：
1．一般将来时态的被动语态的肯定式为：shall / will + be + done。(shall 用于第一人称；will用于各种人称) 如：
We shall be punished if we break the rule.
如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
这部新电影将在下周四上映。
2．一般将来时态的被动语态的否定式为：shall / will + not + be + done.（可缩写成shan’t或won’t）如：
The meeting won’t be held tomorrow.
明天不再举行会议。
The exhibition won’t be put off till next week.
展览会将不会推迟到下周。
3．一般将来时态的被动语态的一般疑问句需将shall / will提到主语的前面。（回答用yes或no）如：
Won’t water be turned into ice, it it is belwo freezing?
如果气温在冰点之下，水难道不会变成冰吗？
---Will the work be finished at once? ---Yes, it will.
---这项工作会立刻被完成吗？ ---是的，立刻就完成。
4．一般将来时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词 + shall / will + S + be + done。如：
When will these books be published?
这些书将在什么时候被出版？
Whom will this book be written by?
谁来写这本书？

二、一般将来时态的被动语态的其他结构构成：
1．be going to be done
Some old buildings are going to be put down. 一些旧的楼房将被推倒。
The problem isn’t going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
这个问题将不在明天的会议上被讨论。
---Are these trees going to be cut down？---Yes，they are.
---这些树将被砍倒吗？---是的，将被砍倒
2．be to be done
The sports meet is to be held on April 10.
运动会将于四月十日举行。
The machines are not to be repaired tonight.
今晚将不会修理这些机器。
---Are new textbooks to be published next week？---No, they aren’t.
新教科书将在下周出版吗？不，不是。

三、一般将来时态的被动语态的用法：
1．一般将来时态的被动语态的同它的主动语态一样，强调表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作。
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
这部新电影将在下周四上映。
A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing.
好多运动员将被邀请到北京来。
2．在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。如：
When the dam is completed, the Changjiang River will be controlled.
当大坝竣工时，长江将得到控制。
If I am given enough time, I will go to Japan for my holiday.
如果我有足够的时间，我将去日本度假。
3．表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果。如：
Heated to 100·c , water will be turned into steam.
加热到100度时，水将会变成蒸气。
If you speak in class, you will be punished.
如果你在课堂上讲话，你将会被惩罚。
练习题
I. 单选：
1. These films ______ until tomorrow morning.
A. can't develop B. aren't developing C. won't be developed D. won't develop
2. Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
3. —A party is going to ______ tonight. Would you like to go with me?
—I’d like to, but I have to look after my sick mother.
A. organize B. have been organized C. be organizing D. be organized
4. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ______.
A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken
5. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, the sports meet ______ in the playground of our school.
A. is holding B. will hold C. will be held D. is to be holding
6. The problem ______ in the coming meeting.
A. is discussed B. is discussing C. is being discussed D. will be discussed
7. The mistakes in the exercises will ______ the teacher.
A.cross　 B.be crossing　 C.be crossed by　 D.cross by
8. If city noises ______ from increasing，people ______ shout to be heard even at dinner.
A.are not kept；will have to　 B.are not kept；have
C.do not keep；will have to　 D.do not keep；have to
9. The sports meeting ______ .
A.is put off　 B.is to put off　 C.is to be put off　 D.puts off
10. I need one more stamp before my collection ______.
A.has completed　 B.completes　 C.has been completed　 D.is completed
11. The work ______ soon.
A. will be finished B. has been finished C. will finish D. finishes
12. I ______ if I finish the work within one day.
A. shall be praised B. would praise C. will praise D. praise
II. 主动句变被动句：
1. We shall discuss the question at the next meeting.
2. I shall give you the book tomorrow.
3. The chairman will ask us to attend the meeting.
4. He will soon decide when we shall have the meeting.
5. If the weather permits, we will complete the works on time.
6. If you give me more time, I’ll work out the problem.
答案：
I. 单选： 1-5 C B D B C 6- 10 D C A C D 11-12 A A
II. 主动句变被动句：
1. The question will be discussed at the next meeting.
2. You will be given the book tomorrow. / The book will be given to you tomorrow.
3. We shall be asked to attend the meeting (by the chairman).
4. When we shall have the meeting will soon be decided.
5. If the weather permits, the works will be completed on time.
6. If more time is given to me, the problem will be worked out.