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Lesson 07 Mutilated ladies 残钞鉴别组
New words and expression 生词和短语
Mutilate v.使残缺不全 / mutilation n.切断, 毁损
及物动词（经常用于被动语态）
1> 毁伤、残害 使残废；
a person or animal 使残缺不全；使残废；使残缺不全；
to damage sth very badly 严重损毁；毁坏
-- He was mutilated in the accident, and now has only one leg.
-- a mutilated note 一张残缺不全的钞票
2> 把...搞砸了
-- You've already mutilated the novel by making such changes.
Dollar = dad president 美元
Maim [meɪm] [Vt] 使残废；使受重伤to injure sb seriously, causing permanent damage to their body
Disable vt.使无能力;使残废，使伤残; 使不中用
Disabled a 丧失能力的；有残疾的；无能力的
the disabled [pl.] 残疾人；伤残者
disability N-C (身体上的)残疾，伤残，缺陷 N-UN（指状态、身心、学习等方面的）缺陷，障碍
Cripple 1 [Vt] [usually passive]使残废；使跛；使成瘸子; 使(心理上或情感上)出现问题
2[Vt]严重毁坏（或损害）to seriously damage or harm sb/sth(严重毁坏(机器);破坏(组织、体系))
【帮助说明】人们现在说disabled person，而不说cripple。(old-fashioned or offensive)
3[N] N-C 瘸子;残疾人 ; N-C (心理上或情感上)有缺陷的人
Lame 1、(of people or animals 人或动物) 瘸的；跛的;
2、(of an excuse, explanation, etc. 借口、解释等) 站不住脚的；无说服力的
3、在某方面蹩脚的，不擅长的
Lameness 反复受伤或治疗不当可导致长期跛足。医学术语
Lamely （借口、论点、评论等）站不住脚的；蹩脚地；拙劣地
chew v.咀嚼
-- A lot of people love chewing gums.（chewing gums或者是gum口香糖）（gum n.树脂, 橡胶）
-- Don't bite off more than one can chew. 不要贪多嚼不烂。 Bite（n.咬）
a stick of gum ; a piece of gum
chew the fat 聊天, 闲谈
chewed up 着急的、担心的 (形容词词组，总体是及物的) don’t get chewed up your examination
chew up 嚼碎, 毁坏, 消耗 vt（V to damage or destroy (something) by or as by chewing or grinding）
-- Don't get worried about your examination.
-- Don't get chewed up about your examination.
Use up clean up drink up eat up cut up 切碎 mix up 混匀
Chewing gums 口香糖 bubble gums 泡泡糖
bubble n.泡，水泡;冒泡，起泡;泡影，妄想; vt.& vi.起泡，使冒气泡 balloon n.气球;热气球;
gum n.口香糖; 牙龈; 树胶;树脂 黏胶（用以粘轻东西，如纸等）;
chew sb out 骂，训斥，狗血喷头 scold vt. ~ sb (for sth/for doing sth)(formal) 训斥，责骂（孩子）
chew the fat 聊天，闲谈
bite off more than you can chew 贪多嚼不烂，人心不足蛇吞象，不自量力
Microwave n.微波，微波炉
Micro- 小的，微小的，微观的 或是作为形容词 [ˈmaɪkrəʊ]
Microsoft 微软 Software 软件 hardware 硬件
Ware 用某材料 (in compounds 构成复合词) [U] （与名词连用）表示“…制品”，“…用具”
bathroom ware 浴室用品 ornamental ware装饰品 homeware家居用品
Microscope 显微镜
Microsecond 一百万分之一秒, 微秒
Microgram 微克，百万分之一克
Microphone 扩音器, 麦克风
Microbiology 微生物学
Microworld 微观世界
Microskirt 超短裙
micro adj.极小的, 微小的，微观的；The vital task was to allow the economy to operate freely at a micro level. 在微观层面 / macro adj.巨大的，宏观的 [ˈmækrəʊ]
macrostructure 宏观结构
macroclimate 大气候，宏观气候
macroworld 宏观世界
关于宏观经济，美联储加息，中国降息，降准备金率。全球范围资本的角度来说
oven n.炉灶 baker
in the same oven 处境相同
safekeeping n.妥善保管 （keep something safe）
-- Please keep your ID card safe. 妥善保管你的身份证。
干坏事： do evil (动词) / evil doing (名词)
惹麻烦： make trouble (动词) / trouble making (名词) / trouble maker 惹祸的人
集邮： collect stamps (动词) / stamp-collecting (名词)
Newcastle n.纽卡斯尔（英国港市）
London 伦敦
England 英格兰
Liverpool 利物浦 [ˈlɪvəˌpu:l]
Manchester 曼彻斯特 Manchester United
Sheffield 谢菲尔德 [ˈʃefi:ld] （英国英格兰北部城市）
Birmingham 伯明翰 ['bɜ:mɪŋˌhæm] 伯明翰市（英国中部城市）仅次于伦敦的英国第二大城市，为全英主要制造业中心之一。工业部门繁多，以重工业为主。
Coventry 考文垂 [ˈkʌvəntri] （英国中部城市）
Leeds 利兹 （英国英格兰北部城市）英国英格兰西约克郡城市
Scotland 苏格兰
Glasgow 格拉斯哥 [ˈɡlɑ:sɡəu]
Edinburgh 爱丁堡 [ˈednˌbɜ:rə, -ˌbʌrə, -brə]
Wales 威尔士
Cardiff 加的夫 [ˈkɑ:dɪf]
North Ireland 北爱尔兰
Belfast 贝尔法斯特 [ˈbelˌfæst, belˈfæst] （北爱尔兰首府）
Identify v.鉴定, 识别，确定;（= prove identity of sb or sth）[VN] ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth)
-- He can't identify the person
活用 [VN] 显示；说明身份 ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth)
identify sb with sth 把某人视为 to consider sb to be sth
identify sth with sth 认为某事物等同于 to consider sth to be the same as sth else
identify to be able to say who or what sb/sth is 指确认、认出、鉴定：
recognize to know who sb is or what sth is when you see or hear them/it, because you have seen or heard them/it before 指认识、认出、辨别出：
distinguish ( rather formal ) to manage to see or hear sb/sth that is not very clear （通常用于否定句）指看清、认出、听出：
identity n.身份 [C, U] (abbr. ID) 身份；本身；本体 who or what sb/sth is
-- So far the archeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
= So far the archeologists have been unable to identify her.
identification n.辨认, 鉴定, 证明 the process of showing, proving or recognizing who or what sb/sth is
(abbr. ID) [U] 身份证明 official papers or a document that can prove who you are
spokeswoman n.女发言人
spokesman n. 发言人 华春莹 外交部发言人 江苏淮安人，毕业于南京大学
woodsman 樵夫 fisherman 渔夫 fireman 消防员
trousers n.裤子, 长裤
Britain n.英国
despair n.绝望, 失望 vi.绝望
concern vt.涉及, 关系到
dismay n.沮丧, 惊慌
note n.纸币
ash n.灰, 灰烬
Text 课文
Why did Jane cook John's wallet?
Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and
then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket?
happen to sb 是固定搭配，总是用 to 而不用 on，其意为“某事（多指不好的事）发生在某人身上”
Did you hear what happened to Jamie last night?
If anything should happen to me, please give this letter to my wife.
其中的 sb 有时也可以换成 sth
Nobody knows what happened to the car.
I don’t know what’s happened to her playing.
Occur to sb to do sth 让某人想起做某事
strike sb as + adj 给某人一种….的感觉 what he said struck me as strange
Note 1、[C] 笔记；记录 2、[C] 短笺；便条 3、[C] 注释；按语；批注 4、[C] 钱币、票据；
take notes 纯粹的记笔记，别人说你记 make notes 自己想到的，记录下来，你自己记东西
banknote N-C 钞票；纸币 (especially BrE)
check n. <美>支票 cheque n.<英>支票
buck （一）美元；（一）澳元；（一）新西兰元；（一）南非兰特； big bucks 一大笔钱
dough（用于制面包和糕点的）生面团; [U] (old-fashioned, 俚语、黑话) 钱
have money to burn 有花不完的钱 be made of money 非常富有。 I am not made of money
with a silver spoon 非常有钱 注意是silver而不是golden
pay by credit card 信用卡结账 pay by check 支票结账 pay in cash 现金结账
riddle谜语 why is a river rich？ because it has two banks
pack n. [尤美]小盒，小包〔辨析〕指包在一起的东西，或一般为纸质的小盒。
Package n. [美]盒，包〔辨析〕多指通过邮局、快递公司等寄送的包裹；也指装食物等的纸质或塑料容器。
Packaging n. 包装物，包装材料〔辨析〕指用于包装商品的盒、袋、瓶等容器或材料。
Packet n. 小盒，小袋；小包裹〔辨析〕在英国英语中指用来装商品的小盒、小袋或邮寄、递送的小包裹，在美国英语中则指装有供出售的液体或粉末的小袋。
Packing n. 包装材料〔辨析〕尤指用于包装需搬运、邮递等易碎物品的材料。
后缀-et 表名词，“小”
Circlet n. 小圈 lionet n. 小狮 ['laɪənɪt]
piglet [ˈpɪglət] [ˈpɪɡlɪt] n.小猪 《小熊维尼》
packet n. 小包，小捆
断首或断尾运用疑问句：
断首--主要引起读者的兴趣和注意力。
断尾--进一步巩固、加深与本段所涉及的内容，并引起读者的沉思。
When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white?
Rescued vt.&n. 援救, 营救
Rescue sb/ sth from
Save 挽救生命；节约，节省 saver n 储蓄者;储户；节省的人 savior n.救星;救助者;(S-)救世主;上帝
-- Hundreds of people went to rescue the plane crash.
Rescue是一个语气非常重的词大词（大词小用可以加强语气）
whiter than white = damaged, mutilated
不同的语境下：比如清白的，没做错事。纸币比白纸还白。比如说某人/某物纯洁，单纯
本身是一个，洗衣粉的广告语
People who live in Britain needn't despair when they made mistakes like this (and a lot of
people do)!
needn't despair(v.) = needn’t feel despaired(adj.)
despair vi & n 对…丧失信心，对…不抱希望；失望，绝望
despair of 介词用of despair of doing sth 对什么….
fall / sink into despair 陷入绝望
despair——n. 绝望；令人绝望的人或事；vi. 绝望，丧失信心。作名词时经常单独出现，与hope、progress等构成反义。指概念，knowing his failure, he went home with despair
desperation——n. 绝望的境地；不顾一切拼命，常与of、in搭配。指具体的境地。 Don’t ever put me in this desperation
despairing——adj. 感到绝望的，表现绝望的，无望的；v. 绝望；失望（despair的ing形式），常用来形容实意名词。a despairing cry/look/sigh（做定语，且意思较为固定，绝望的，无引申）
desperate——adj. （因绝望而）孤注一掷的，铤而走险的，拼命的，不顾一切的；常用来形容抽象名词。
极需要的；渴望的[usually before noun]。~ (for sth) | ~ (to do sth)
极困难的；极严重的；极危险的A desperate situation is very difficult, serious, or dangerous
Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals
with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog.
Fortunately for them = luckily for them = happily for them
如果放在逗号前面，做句子的状语，就要用副词fortunately for them修饰整个句子，整件事
Fortunately for them，they arrived on time（幸运的是他们准时到达了）
如果放在be 后就用形容词了
it is fortunate for them to catch the train（他们幸运的敢上了火车）
fortunate a 幸运的==lucky
fortunately ad 幸运地
unfortunate a 不幸的
unfortunately ad 不幸地
fortune 1、机会，运气，命运；2、大笔的钱，巨款，引申出有钱人
make a fortune 发财 marry a fortune 嫁给有钱人 fortune teller 算命先生
Team n.队, 组（= Organization n.组织, 机构, 团体）
called Mutilated Ladies = that called Mutilated Ladies
-- 这里采用分词called是为了不和后面which引导的定语从句从复
deal with 本意是 与某人做生意
deal n. 1、大量；很多2、[C] 协议；（尤指）交易 it’s a deal
vt 1、经营；买卖 2、~ (sth) (out) | ~ (sth) (to sb)发牌；分；分配;
v.（deal with） 处理，应对（事物），打交道（人物）（deal vi.处理, 应付） 2、涉及、论及、关于==about
Claim n.(根据权利提出)要求, 索赔
Claim的本意是 声明；宣称；断言 （表示真实性）（郑重的说，负责任地说，语气较重）
由这种说，引申出， (提出，说出的) （要求合法权利）要求，索要，索赔（尤其是政府，公司等法律层面的）（国际法，经济法）
claim that/ to do 宣称；声称；断言 claim sth 索要；索取某物
make a claim for sth（damage） -- make a claim for 对（赔偿等）提出要求...
territory claim
feed vt.vi.( fed , fed, feeding) 给吃, 喂 -- feed sth to… 把某物喂给…
1、动物：喂养、饲养 2、人、家庭或一群人：养活 he has a large family to feed
3、植物：施肥 feed the plants
Feed sth to…把某物喂给 feed on sth 以…为食 feedback n. 反馈, 反馈信息
Be fed up with 烦透了，受够了。fed up
Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money!
it seems 似乎
本句= It seems that dogs love to chew up money!
A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business.
第二段充分的说明了约翰是怎么样把钱从银行里拿回来
Case: 1、案（警方、法院） (诉讼（事件），案件，判例;) 2、例 (实例，事例;) 况 （情况，状况;）situation
4、容器 （container） briefcase a pencil case
concern vt. 1、涉及到，影响到，牵涉到 to affect sb; to involve sb
2、 与什么有关（= be about）（be concerned with sth）
3、让（某人）担忧 to worry sb
n. 担心，忧虑 ~ about/ for/ over sth/sb/ that….
as far as….is concerned 至于，就….而言 等于
as to= about 至于、关于（做介词用） as for 至于、就….而言（引出话题）
1、as for 在语体上不如 as to 正式，并且着重话题的转换，也就是说，它所引导的是前面尚未提到过的新的事情，因此，它不能用于文章的开头。
2、as to 常常与 wh-疑问词引导的动词不定式和名词从句连用（有时可省略），而 as for 却没有此种用法：【例句】Nobody could decide as to what to do.
have no concern with sth 和….无关
to whom it may concern 敬启者（读者身份不明）
if that concerns you I can guarantee you that…
fiancé 未婚夫 fiancée 未婚妻 bride 新娘 bridegroom(或groom) 新郎
father/mother/brother/sister-in-low stepfather stepdaughter
run 1、vt 经营、管理 2、vt&vi（使）运转，运行，操作
run a factory 开一家工厂 / run a company 开一家公司 / run the machine 操作机器
John had a very good day and put his wallet containing $3,000 into the microwave oven for
safekeeping.
I have a very good day. 我今天过得很好。
I have a good time. 我玩得很高兴。
for safekeeping = to keep it safe
safeguard 保安 bodyguard 保镖
Wallet containing… = wallet which contained…
contain
container 容器；集装箱，货柜
contain 着重指包含在内的成分 eg: this drink doesn’t contain any alcohol
include 着重强调包含着只是整体的某一部分 eg：this price includes postage charges 包邮
hold 做容纳讲时，有能力容纳，主要指容量 eg: this bottle can hold two glasses of milk.
Then he and Jane went horse-riding.
go horse-riding / go fishing / go hunting / go shopping
go birdwatching
like/enjoy/suggest going horse-riding
When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without realizing
it, cooked her fiancé's wallet as well.
without realizing it不要多想，就是介词跟上介宾，不过这个介宾是动名词短语
as well: 也，还 （用于句末）
就近原则：there be... （引申出倒装句），neither …nor，either …or，not only…but also，not…but，or，
就远原则：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from
What he does or what he says does not concern me .他的行为或言谈都与我无关.
In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people .在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声. 主谓宾 主系表 完全倒过来
seated in the front of the room was a professor and his two assistants, listening attentively to the new teacher.
at the back of the classroom an old professor and his two assistants, listening attentively to the new teacher.
A. Seated; were B. Seating; was C. Sat; were D. Sitting; was 聚精会神地;凝神;
Under the tree ______ three dirty looking boys.(注意，状语或表语置于句首，在这里是状语)
A.sat B.was sitting C.is sitting D.sitting
有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：
如：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。
Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。
补充讲解：as long as== so long as
Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash!
beautifully-cooked wallet 用一种讽刺的口吻, 一种幽默
turn to = turned into = become
imagine 1、想象imagine + doing sth.或者 + one/one's doing sth. 这里是现在分词的逻辑主语
不接不定式或不定式的复合结构，但是可以接to be/ as
2、“想，认为”时的imagine that 从句，可以否定前置
此时，作为回答，可以用so，not代替that从句
dismay vt. 使失望，使诧异、使惊愕 n. 灰心，丧气；诧异，惊愕
find的宾补、主补用法 句中的turned to是补语而不是定语
find him a completely fool, he was found a complete fool. 名词
he went to his friend’s home only to find the party over/ find them out 副词
when he woke up, he was himself in the hospital. 介词短语
They find Tom to leave home secretly. 不定式（表动作将要发生，或几乎同时发生，不强调进行）
wallet一般指男用钱包 purse一般指女用钱包
ash 燃烧后的灰烬； ashed (pl) 抽象因为燃烧被摧毁后的 灰烬，废墟 the town was destroyed to ashes.
John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the
special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilate Ladies!
Who = bank manager
（clothes contents fireworks goods remains wages 谓语动词常为复数）
remains 做单数，具体的一具遗体 做复数，遗体、遗迹或剩余物
he noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the wires.
The remains of dinner are still on the table.晚餐的剩饭菜还在桌上.
The remains of the old castle have been rebuilt.古堡的废墟已经被重建了.
goods 永远是复数
goods只有复数形式，当可数名词看待，它作主语谓语动词用复数。
product可数名词，指一件具体的工业产品或加工产品。只要名词意 (引申出~ of sth 产儿；产物；结果)
乘积；积 The product of 21 and 16 is 336. sum 和 difference 差 quotient [‘kwəʊʃnt商
When nine is divided by four, the quotient is two with a remainder of one.
“加”用plus，and或add表示；“等于”用is，make，equal等词表示。 2+3=? 可表示为： How much is two plus three?
“减”用 minus或 take from表示 Take six from ten and the remainder is four.
“乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示 3X4＝? How much is three times four?
“除”用divide的过去分词形式表示 How much is sixteen divided by four?
3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/2 a half 1 1/2 one and a half
produce不可数名词，指“农产品” （另有动词为生产，制作，加工）
production产品的总称，一般用单数形式。它还可以表示“生产力”在表示“成果，作品”的时候可以用复数形式。
goods 表示“货物，商品”，既是一般用语，又是财贸用语。指销售或购入的物品，也指货车装运的货物。
goods只有复数形式，前面不能加数目字，或类似的修饰语，因此不能说：two goods, many goods。只能说: 1）They gave me two pieces of goods. (他们给我两件货物。) 2）They gave me two kinds of goods. (他们给了我两种货物。) 或者：1） They gave me many pieces of goods. (他们给我许多件货物。) 2）They gave me many kinds of goods. (他们给我许多种货物。)
类似：such as不可把所有的例子全部说出来
They examined the remains and John got all his money back.
'So long as there's something to identify, we will give people their money back,' said a spokeswoman for the Bank. 'Last year, we paid $1.5m on 21,000 claims.
so long as = as long as = on condition that 只要…（表假设）
主将从现 主祈使从现 主情态从现 主客观事实从现
类似 suppose (that) / supposing (that) 假定 assuming that 假定 两个都是连词
provided (that) /providing (that) 假如，倘若 provided/providing 是连词
注意：as long as还可以表示“既然，因为”（这时不能用so long as, 相当于since, considering that）
as long as we’ve driven so far, we might as well go on.
鉴于,就…而论 considering (that) 介词 seeing that 连词 given (that) 介词 given his age,
同一个英语单词或词组意思相反
virtual 这个词,看似“虚拟的”和“实质上的 terrific有两个意思,可怕的和棒极的
so that 一个目的一个结果
to identify 反射不定式，逻辑主语是we，逻辑宾语是something
pay…on 在什么
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