剑桥雅思阅读长难句解析.doc

剑桥雅思阅读长难句解析朗阁雅思考试研究中心 有多少考生看到这些长长的句子不害怕的，我们还没有看到句子中的单词，就已经害怕了，其实这些并不是特别难的，只要我们将这些句子的结构一一拆分，然后再用中文重新组织整理一下就差不多了！一下是总结的11句长难句案例，希望对大家有一些帮助哟！1. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）分析：本句的主句为“The teacher-subject was told that”; “that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer”为that引导的宾语从句，做tell的宾语；在该宾语从句中“a shock was to be administered”为主句，而“whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question”为whenever引导的时间装语从句，在该宾语从句中做时间状语，“beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer”为现在分词短语做状语，在该宾语从句中做伴随状语。2. It was above all the French, followed by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention, helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia.（剑4, General Training Test A section 3）分析：本句的主句为“It was above all the French”; “followed by the Americans.”为过去分词短语做定语；“who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention”为非限制性定语从句，做French的定语，关系词为who; “helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia”为现在分词短语做定语。3. As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would definitely give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）分析：本句主句“the pupil would definitely give the wrong answers to questions”; “As the experiment unfolded”为As引导的时间状语从句，做该主句的时间状语；“posed by the teacher”为过去分词短语作定语，做questions的定语；“bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond”为现在分词短语作状语，做主句的伴随状语。4. In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupils cries for mercy and carry on the experiment.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）分析：本句的主句为“Milgram calmly explained that”; “that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupils cries for mercy and carry on the experiment”为that引导的宾语从句，做explain的宾语；在该宾语从句中“to ignore the pupils cries for mercy and carry on the experiment”为不定式做表语。5. They turned their back on the past, leaving the style of the pre-war Russian cinema to the migrs who fled westwards to escape the Revolution.（剑4, General Training Test A section 3）分析：本句中“They turned their back on the past”为主句；“leaving the style of the pre-war Russian cinema to the migrs”为现在分词短语做状语；“who fled westwards to escape the Revolution.”为定语从句，做the migrs的定语，关系词为who。6. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）分析：本句的主句为“What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects”; “What Milgram was trying to discover”为What引导的主语从句；“who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.”为定语从句，做teacher-subjects的定语，关系词为who。7. Prior to carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）分析：本句的主句为“Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population.”; “Prior to carrying out the experiment”为时间状语，prior to相当于before; “who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts.”为定语从句，做an ordinary population的定语，关系词为who。8. The psychiatrists felt that most subjects would go beyond 150 volts and they further anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）分析：本句为并列句，“The psychiatrists felt that most subjects would go beyond 150 volts”和“they further anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts”并列，由and连接；其中“that most subjects would go beyond 150 volts”为that引导的宾语从句，做felt的宾语，而“that only four percent would go up to 300 volts”也为that引导的宾语从句，做anticipated的宾语。9. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative teachers actually do in the laboratory of real life?（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）分析：本句主句为“How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy betweenand”; “what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study”和“what pressured, flustered, but cooperative teachers actually do in the laboratory of real life”均为what引导的宾语从句。10. In the third, distinctly different dance, she started by running a short distance in a straight line, waggling her body from side to side, and returning in a semi-circle to the starting point before repeating the process.（剑4, General Training Test B section3）分析：本句的主句为“she started by running a short distance in a straight line”; “waggling her body from side to side”和“returning in a semi-circle to the starting point”并列，都为现在分词短语做伴随状语；“before repeating the process”为before引导的现在分词短语做时间状语。11. Ones first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgrams teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）分析：本句的主句为“Ones first inclination might be to”; “to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgrams teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock.”为不定式做表语，做be的表语；在此表语中“that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct”和“that Milgrams teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock”并列，皆为that引导的宾语从句，做argue的宾语；“that was activated by the experiment”为定语从句，做instinct的定语，关系词为that。（本文来自朗阁教育托福考试教研组，供广大考生学习使用，转载请注明出处）5