朗文4A-Chapter-3复习提要.doc

《朗文英语4A》复习提要
Chapter 3： When our grandparents were young当我们爷爷奶奶（外婆外公）小的时候
I. 经过第3章的学习，下面的新单词我们要准确无误地读（read them correctly），知道它们的中文意思(know the Chinese meaning)，不看书进行英汉互译(translate)，并且还要会拼写(spell)。
countable noun (可数cn.)
uncountable noun (不可数un.)
CD碟片、CD
chewing gum口香糖(chew咀嚼)
comic漫画书
cola可乐
clock钟
fast food快餐
air-con(air-conditioner) 空调

mobile phone手机、移动电话

*注意：an air-con 一台空调
II.句型。下面的关键句型我们要会读(read), 知道意思(know the Chinese meaning), 会根据不同的语境来运用(use them in different contexts)， 会写(write them correctly)。
-- Was there any cola when you were young，Grandpa?
-- Yes, there was. （肯定回答）
-- Was there any fast food when you were young?
-- No, there wasn’t.（否定回答）
-- Were there any air-cons when you were young, Grandma?
-- Yes, there were.（肯定回答）
-- Were there any mobile phones when you were young, Grandma?
-- No, there weren’t.（否定回答)
总结：当名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，be 动词用单数(is，was)。当主语是可数名词的复数时, be 动词用复数（are, were）。总结如下：
is/was + 不可数名词/ 可数名词单数
are/were + 可数名词复数
some和any 的用法如下：
一些
都可以修饰不可数名词与可数名词复数
some 用在肯定句中
any 用在疑问句或否定句中
*注意：Grandpa和Grandma一般用语口语称呼，其结构一般是“…，Grandpa/Grandma”。而grandfather和grandmother一般用语书面语。在以下两种情况下 “grandma/grandpa/dad/mum…”在表示称呼的时候首字母要大写，1） 直接称呼时；2） 跟别人谈到自己的爷爷、奶奶、外公、外婆、爸爸、妈妈时，前面没有加任何修饰成分时前面有修饰语（如my时），称呼词的首字母用大写。例如：
1. How are you today, Mum?
2. My mom is reading in the bedroom.
3. Were they any air-cons when you were young, Grandma?
4. Tom was playing computer games and his grandfather was watching him.
当然，如果there be句型的学习只是局限在书上，那么各位考试的时候就悲催啦。请参照there be句型提要（见附录）复习复习再复习。
III. C部分学完后，你们要达到以下的要求哦。
1） 可以准确而流利地背诵出C部分。
2） 对于书上笔记的单词，短语和句子要会读，知道意思，会拼写。
3） 对于下面的单词和固定搭配以及句子要准确而流利地读出来，而且要能够英汉互译。下面，我们就来检查一下吧。
1. play computer games玩电脑游戏
2. fly kites放风筝 （fly-flies-flew）
3. make nets织网(make-makes-made)
4. catch butterflies捉蝴蝶(catch-catches-caught)
从以上四个动名词短语可以看出，一般情况下（除固定搭配，例如play football, play hopscotch等等）动名词短语中，可数名词不单独出现（怕孤单啊！），要不前面加a或者an,要不后面加s（注意中文含义不同）。例如：
read books√ 读书
read a book√ 读一本书
read book
5. play hopscotch 跳房子（hopscotch不可数名词）
6. draw a circle画一个圆
7. on the ground在地上
8. in the middle在中间
9. shooter marbles 射手弹珠
10. flick…into弹进去
11. hit…out把…撞出去
12. keep (kept)保留
13. go out of …走到…外面
14. lose (lost) 输掉
15. stay in待在…里
16. happen(happened)发生
17. we were out 我们输了 = we lost the game.
18. win(won) 赢
19. a lot of = lots of很多 (后接不可数名词或可数名词复数)
20. a lot（副词）很多，非常 （修饰动词）
21. sound听起来
22. come along 来吧
23. special特别的
4) 对于下列文中出现的动词过去时和现在时， 要求：知意，会读，会拼写，会根据语境和时态自由转换。
Present tense
Past tense
fly(flies)
flew
make(makes)
made
catch(catches)
caught
put
put
keep
kept
hit
hit
win
won
lose
lost
happen
happened
5) 对于下面的一些词组和句型，我们要准确而流利地读出来，能够英汉互译，还要会运用和拓展。
1. Tom was playing computer games. Tom 正在玩电脑游戏
His grandfather was watching him. 他的祖父正在看着他。
正在进行时：be +doing（正在做某事）
现在正在进行时：I am +doing
She/He/It/ Lucy/Lily/Sam/My mum is+doing
You/They/We/Sam and Lily are +doing
过去正在进行时：I was +doing
She/He/It/ Lucy/Lily/Sam/My mum was+doing
You/They/We/Sam and Lily were +doing
2. The game I like best was marbles. 我最喜欢的游戏是弹珠。
基本结构：The…sb like/likes best is…（谓语单复数根据主语变化）
拓展举例：The game I like best is marbles.
The fruit I like best is mangoes.
The book I like best is Gone with the Wind.
The sport he likes best is jogging.
3. How do you play marbles, Grandpa? 爷爷，你怎么玩弹珠的？
基本结构：How do you + 动词原形? 你怎么…?
拓展举例：How do you cook your favourite food?
How does he play hopscotch?
4. It sounds fun! 听起来有趣！
基本结构： sound+形容词：听起来…（sound在句子中是系动词）
look+形容词：看起来…
拓展举例：It sounds boring.
It sounds interesting.
You look beautiful today.
He looks so tall this year.
5. We wanted to hit other marbles out. 我们想把其他的弹珠撞出去。
hit…out把……撞出去
拓展举例：Tom hits Jerry out.
He hits the ball out of the playground.
He hit me out of the classroom yesterday.
6. Sometimes I won a lot of marbles and sometimes I lost a lot too.
有时候我赢很多弹珠，有时候我也会输掉很多。
Sometimes…and sometimes…有时候…有时候…(and连接两个短句)
拓展举例：Sometimes I eat out and sometimes I eat at home too.
Sometimes I do my homework in the living room and sometimes I do my homework in the bedroom too.
注意：a lot of( lots of) +不可数名词/可数名词复数；a lot是一个副词，放在句末，后面不能跟名词。比如：
I have a lot of marbles. = I have lots of marbles.
She has a lot of chewing gum. = She has lots of chewing gum.
Thanks a lot.
My grandparents played marbles a lot when they were young.
IV. Part E
1) New words and phrases for Part E. E部分新单词和词组。要求：对于以下单词和词组要会读，会英汉互译。书上记笔记的单词还要会拼写。
1. wear trainers 穿运动鞋
2. use credit cards 使用信用卡
3. have a telephone 有一部电话
4. listen to the radio 听收音机;听广播 (radio复数形式为radios)
5. shop at supermarkets 在超市购物 (超市作单数在词组中表达为：shop at the supermarket)
6. go to school 去学校
7. rich 富有的
8. poor贫穷的;可怜的
9. people人们（复数）
10. children孩子们（复数）
11. check 检查
2）语法点:there be句型以及Did you…?句型
There weren’t any credit cards.
There weren’t any supermarkets.
总结：were后面加可数名词复数；否定句中用any。
-- Did you wear trainers fifty years ago?
-- Yes, I did.
-- Did you use credit cards?
-- No, I didn’t.
总结：did后面跟动词原形（“打一次”）。
V. Part F.
1）New words and phrases. 新单词和词组。
要求：知道意思，会读。
1. a rickshaw 一辆黄包车、一辆人力车
2. an oil lamp 一盏油灯
3. clogs木屐；木底鞋
4. a camera 一部相机
5. a fan 一把扇子/风扇
6. a stove 一只炉子
7. keep cool 保持凉爽
8. take photos 拍照
9. at night 在晚上
10. foot (单数: right foot; left foot)-feet(复数)
2）动词过去式。要求：知道中文意思，会读，会拼写。
Present tense
Past tense
cook 煮饭
cooked
use 使用
used
take photos拍照
took photos
wear穿
wore
ride骑
rode
（3） 介词
1. People cooked on stoves. (on表示“在…上面”)
2. People took photos with a camera.（with表示“用…”）
3. People use a fan to keep cool. (to表示目的，“为了…”)
4. People wore clogs on their feet. (on表示“在…上面”)
5. People used oil lamps at night.（at night, at noon， in the morning/afternoon/evening）
6. People rode in a rickshaw.(in表示“在…里面)
VI．Part G. 要求：知道每句话的意思，会背，出现的新词还要能英汉互译。
1. wake up(woke up) 醒来
2. put on(put on) 穿上
3. wash face with cold water 用冷水洗脸
4. congee and noodles粥和面条 (congeen粥 不可数名词un.)
5. rice, vegetables and salted fish 米饭，蔬菜和咸鱼(rice米饭 fish鱼肉是不可数名词un.)
6. at 6 o’clock在六点
7. I had congee and noodles for breakfast.
I had rice, vegetables and salted fish for lunch.
基本结构：have…for breakfast/lunch/dinner.早餐、午餐、晚餐吃……
例如：
-- What did you have for lunch?
-- I had some rice, an egg and some soup for lunch.
-- What did you have for breakfast?
-- I had milk, bread and congee for breakfast.
8. cook dinner做晚饭
9. at uncle’s store在叔叔的商店
10. I helped my mum cook dinner.我帮助我妈妈做晚饭。
基本结构：help sb do… 帮助某人做……
She helps her mum do housework.
She is helping her friends do homework.
Do you want to help me wash dishes?

附录：
there be 句型专项复习提要
构成：There be ...句型表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”
基本结构：There be(is, are, was, were  )+名词+地点状语/时间状语.
否定句：There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示。
例如：
There is an orange in her bag.
→There isn’t an orange in her bag.
→There is no orange in her bag.

There are some oranges in her bag.
→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.
→There are no oranges in her bag.

There is some juice in the bottle.
→There isn’t any juice in the bottle.
→There is no juice in the bottle.

一般疑问句：There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，some改为any, and 改为or，第一人称要变第二人称（I –you, my-your, we-you, our-your）再在句尾加上问号即可。例如：
　　There is some money in her handbag. 
→ Is there any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否定句中，some改为any, something改为anything, and 改为or.)

There was some cola and mobile phones when I was young.
→There wasn’t any cola or mobile phones when I was young.
→Was there any cola or mobile phones when you were young?
*注意：
there be句型中的be动词由时态（现在时、过去时）以及后面名词（单数、复数、不可数）来决定。
例如There is a basketball in the box.　
There is some milk in the glass.　
There was some water in the cup last night.
There are many birds in the tree.　
There were many people in the street yesterday.　
在否定句和疑问句中，名词是复数名词或者是不可数名词的时候，不能用some只能用any.
例如：
Was there any cola when you were young?
Were there any mobile phones 100 years ago?
There isn’t any food now.
There wasn’t any black tea when I was young.

there be遵循就近原则：there be句型后面如果跟两个或者两个以上的名词，be动词由时态以及离它最近的名词来决定，也就是“就近原则”。
例如：There is an orange and some bananas in the basket. 
　　 There are some bananas and an orange in the basket. 
Was there any cola or hamburgers when you were young?
There weren’t any hamburgers or cola when I was young.

there be句型练习
一、填空
1. There ______________ some hamburgers on the table now.
2. ___________ there any orange juice 100 years ago?
3. There _________________ many children in the classroom now.
4. ________________ there ______________ chewing gum when you were young?
5. ______________ there _______________ mobile phones when you were young?
6. There _________ _________ milk or sugar now.
7. I am hungry. ______________ there______________ rice to eat?
8. There ____________ ___________orange and ___________apples in the basket.
9. ____________ there ____________books or magazines here?
10. There ___________ any chewing gum or mobile phones when we _________young.

二、按要求改写句子
1. Was there any black tea when you were young? (否定回答)
_____________________________________________________________________
2. There isn’t any juice or milk today. （改为肯定句)
_____________________________________________________________________
3. There is an apple and some oranges in the basket now. (改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________________________
4. There are some magazines and an English book here. (改为一般疑问句)
_____________________________________________________________________
5. There wasn’t any cola or chewing gum when I was young. (改为一般疑问句)
——————————————————————————————————
6. 爷爷，你年轻的时候有口香糖吗？（翻译成英文：用there be 句型）
_____________________________________________________________________7. 奶奶，50年之前有手机吗？（翻译成英文：用there be 句型）
_____________________________________________________________________
8. 妈妈，你小的时候有电脑吗？（翻译成英文：用there be 句型）
_____________________________________________________________________
9. 我奶奶小的时候没有快餐和可乐。（翻译成英文：用there be 句型）
_____________________________________________________________________
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