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中考英语知识点梳理.doc

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1、.初中英语知识点梳理及操练 初三英语统一学业考试中的第五大题是通过多项选择,来考核学生对英语各个语言知识点所掌握的情况和程度。学生在分析、判断所选词语的正误时,不但要从语法角度去考虑,而且要从整句逻辑、习惯说法、词语不重复、用语须礼貌等各个方面去审视。这样,才能避免往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失误。 这一大题需要注意的是:在掌握英语各个语言知识点的一般规律之外,还需要注意英语各个语言知识点的特殊规律。在英语中,有许多语法结构与词语搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不相同的,因此,不能像数学公式那样去生搬硬套。对于某些有特殊规律的语言知识点,学生一定要在平时加强注意和不断积累,在这方面是没有捷径可行的。此

2、外,在学习时还要防止只重语感、不谙其意的片面倾向。一. 冠词: 冠词用在名词的前面,有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a;an”之分。定冠词表示“确指”,译作“这(那)个”;不定冠词表示“泛指”,译作“一个”。例题解析:( ) _ lady over there is _ university teacher. A) A, theB) The, anC) The, aD) The, the “over there”意为“那边的”,是后置定语,它表示前面名词“lady”(女士)是“确指”的说法,因此要加上定冠词“the”。后半句意为“一位大学教师”,是泛指的说法,因此要加上不定冠词“a”或“an”。

3、由于“university”的读音起始于辅音“j”,因此要加定冠词“a”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) He prefers playing _ piano to playing _ hockey. A) the, the B) the, /C) / , /D) / , the “piano”意为“钢琴”,属于乐器,要求前面加定冠词“the”。后半句中“hockey”意为“曲棍球”,属于球类活动,要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。( ) Mr. Black was made _ manager of our company. A) / B) a C) anD) the “mana

4、ger”表示被选的职位,前面不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“A”。 此外,冠词还有许多特殊的用法: 1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前,要加定冠词,如:the Great Wall(长城) 2. 在拼音名词前,一般不加任何冠词,如:Thomas Green;Changfeng Park 3. 在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名词,也要加定冠词“the”,如:the Dongting Lake 4. 一般用“单数名词加a;复数名词不加the”来表示“泛指”的意思。习题训练:Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格内):( ) 1. Ther

5、e is _ “u” in _ word “uniform.”. A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the( ) 2. _ sign here stands for _ mistake. A) A, aB) A, theC) The, aD) The, the( ) 3. We made Joyce _ monitor _ her experience. A) a, becauseB) the, becauseC) / , because ofD) the , because of( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote _ a

6、rticle on Shanghai International Art Festival. A) theB) anC) aD) / ( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White _ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _ teacher is from Australia. A) a, AB) a, TheC) the, TheD) the, A( ) 6. Paul is _ European student. He likes to study _ history of China. A) a, theB) a, /C) an, theD) an, /( )

7、7. This is _ honey. As we all know, _ honey is sweet. A) / , theB) / , /C) the, /D) the, the( ) 8. They didnt catch the last train because of _. A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic( ) 9. It wont take long, its only _ walk.A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes C) t

8、en minutes D) ten-minutes二.名词: 名词表示人或物体的名称,有普通名词(park)、专有名词(Peter;Party)、集合名词(family, class, police)、缩写名词(SARS, CEO, WTO)等。总体上说,它们可以分成两大类;即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化。例题解析:( ) His grandfather is _. A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green 英语中,人的姓名排列是倒过来的;先是名,即“first name”,后为姓,即“second

9、 name”,也可叫做“family name”或“surname”。做这类题目,必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字,哪个单词是表示姓氏,名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说的是“爷爷”,是男名,所以本题答案应该选“B”。( ) _ are playing tennis in the playground. A) The Browns B) The Browns C) Browns D) Browns 英语中,姓氏前加定冠词“the”,后面加“s”,有“一家人”之意。所以本题答案应该选“A”。( ) Be careful. There is a _ hole in the ground. A) two

10、-foot-deepB) two-feet-deepC) two-foot deepD) two-feet deep 这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式,在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“”来连接。由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词,因此,在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中,“一个两英尺深的洞”应译为“a two-foot-deep hole”,所以本题答案应该选“A”。( ) Hes got bad toothache. Hed better go to _. A) dentistB) the dentistC) the dentistsD) see the de

11、ntists “去看牙科医生”可译为“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentists”。后一个词语中的“the dentists”表示“the dentists clinic”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) The _ teachers wondered if the _ students were in trouble. A) woman, boyB) woman, boysC) women, boyD) women, boys 英语中,“女教师们”应该译为“women teachers”,而“男学生们” 应该译为“boy students”。 所以

12、本题答案应该选“C”。( ) _ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores. A) A newsB) MessageC) WordD) Words “据说”在英语中有多种说法:“It was said that”、“Word came that”、“News came that”、“A message came that”等。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught _. A) his eyeB) his eyes

13、C) his own eyesD) eyes of his own“catch ones eye”是固定词组,意为“引起某人注意”;即“be noticed by sb.”。此句中,“eye”是“视线”之意,由“eyesight”演变而来。随着语言的发展,一些词语会产生演变,大致上都是朝“简单化”方向发展,如:“countryside”“country”、“mankind”“man”、 “campsite”“camp”、“in the daytime”“in the day”等。所以本题答案应该选“A”。( ) The lady with long _ found her husband ha

14、d already got three gray _. A) hair, hairB) hair, hairsC) hairs, hairD) hairs, hair 要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质,要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的“hair”(头发)就是这类词。前半句说的是“一头长发”,是不可数名词;后半句说的是“三根白发”,是可数名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。习题训练:Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格内):( ) 1. He has got _ to tell you. A

15、) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news( ) 2. Its seven oclock. _ are sitting at table. A) Mr. Greens B) The Greens C) The Greens D) Greens( ) 3. Your brother is the same _ mine. A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us _. A) health B) strong C)

16、 energyD) taste( ) 5. A lemon is the same _ as a banana. A) yellow B) colour C) freshD) sweet( ) 6. What kind of _ do you like best? A) watermelon B) the watermelon C) a watermelon D) watermelons( ) 7. Look at this magazine. Lets do the _ about eating habits. A) quiz B) list C) cooking D) dinner三.代词

17、: 代词是名词的代用词,有指示代词(this, those)、人称代词主宾格(I, me)、形容词性物主代词(my)、名词性物主代词(mine)、反身代词(myself)、不定代词(either, others, anything, nobody)。其中,不定代词的变化最复杂。在不同的句子中,它们的变化和要求都不一样,这一点我们一定要有充分的认识,不能掉以轻心。例题解析:( ) Would you please give _? A) him itB) it himC) to him itD) it to him 英语中,当直接宾语(人)与间接宾语(物)都用人称代词时,一定要先讲间接宾语(物)后

18、讲直接宾语(人),而且要在直接宾语(人)前加上介词“to”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。( ) She always thinks of _ more than _. A) others, herB) the others, sheC) others, herselfD) the others, herself 在英语中,“别人”属于“泛指”,应译为“others”。后半句是介词“of”的宾语。由于这里的“她”与主语的“她”是属于同一个人,因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语,要用反身代词作宾语才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) Some people like watching the spor

19、ts news, _ prefer TV series. A) the othersB) the otherC) othersD) another 在英语中,“一些,另一些”有两种译法:“Some , the others ”是属于“非此即彼”的两部分情况,而“Some , others ”是指有第三部分的情况存在。本题意为“一部分人喜欢看体育消息,而另一部分人比较欣赏电视剧”,显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容,所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) The light in the room was too poor for _ to see it clearly. A) everyoneB) som

20、eoneC) anyoneD) none 英语中,“too to”意为“太而不能”,具有否定的含义。因此,“for sb.”中应该选运用在否定句中的“anyone”才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) _ the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it. A) SomeB) MuchC) The most ofD) Most of 带有定冠词“the”的名词前,应该用代词词组:“some of”(意为“其中一些”)、“much of”(意为“其中许多”)、“most of”(意为“其中大多数”)等

21、。“the mose of”(意为“其中最多的”)在本句中的译法欠妥,所以本题答案应该选“D”。( ) Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday? Im afraid _ day is possible A) eitherB) eachC) bothD) neither 在英语中,有“两者”和“三者以上”的不同词语说法:“both”意为“两者都”、“all”意为“三者以上都”、“neither”意为“两者都不”、“none”或“no one”意为“三者以上都不”、“either”意为“两者之一”、“one”意为“三者以上之一”、“betwe

22、en”意为“两者之间”、“among”意为“三者以上之间”。根据本题句意,答句应该是说“我恐怕没有一天能行”, 所以本题答案应该选“D”。( ) There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, _ two are downstairs. A) otherB) the otherC) othersD) the others 在英语中,“另两个”的译法有多种:“the other two”、“the others”、“the rest”。由于本句中讲到三间浴室,“另两间”的说法应该是“确指”的,因此,必须有定冠词“the”。又由于后

23、句已经写了“two”,因此这里要选作形容词用的“other”。 所以本题答案应该选“B”。( ) The dishes on Table One are much fewer than _ on Table Two. A) thatB) thoseC) dishesD) / 要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性:这句是“the dishes on Table One”(一桌上的菜)和“the dishes on Table Two”(二桌上的菜)作比较,因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略。“that”与“those”是比较级句中的专用代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数,因此,要用“those”来代替前

24、面的名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。( ) There are more people in this room than _ in that one. A) thatB) thoseC) peopleD) / 要注意在“There is ”或“There are ”的比较级句型中,习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以本题答案应该选“D”。习题训练:Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格内):( ) 1. Show your watch _ me. _ is slow. A) to, Mine B) to, MyC) for, Mine

25、 D) for, My( ) 2. _ do you like _, the summer holidays or the winter holidays? A) What, better B) What, bestC) Which, better D) Which, best( ) 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of _ taken in her housing estate. A) herselfB) herC) hersD) myself( ) 4. She told Jack, Tom and me to _ among _. A

26、) talk it over, usB) talk over it, us C) talk it over, ourselvesD) talk over it, ourselves( ) 5. Ill do it by myself. I wont need _ help. A) anyones elseB) anyone elsesC) anyone othersD) other anyones( ) 6. I heard _ until my friend told me about it. A) everythingB) somethingC) nothingD) anything( )

27、 7. Would you like _ more bread, Jack? A) anyB) anotherC) littleD) a little( ) 8. Only one student got the right answer. But _ didnt. A) the otherB) anotherC) othersD) the rest( ) 9. He doesnt think _ of them will go there with you. A) none B) some C) many D) much( )10. The film is dull and _ people

28、 like it. A) a few B) few C) a little D) little( )11. Have you all _? A) got ready everything B) got everything ready for C) got everything ready D) got ready for everything( )12. Help _ to some sweets, everyone. A) yourselves B) your own C) yourself D) by yourself( )13. He has six uncles. Five of t

29、hem are doctors and _ is a driver. A) another B) the sixth C) other D) the other( )14. Believe or not, I did it all by _. A) me B) us C) myself D) ourselves( )15. A: Are these two books yours ? B: No, _ of them is mine. A) either B) none C) both D) neither( )16. Neither of the twins _ the toy train.

30、 A) like B) likes C) is like D) are like四.数词: 数词有基数词和序数词之分:基数词表示数量概念;序数词表示顺序概念。首先要注意一些数词在写法上的变化,如:forty;ninth;twentieth更要注意它们在句子中的不同用法和变化。例题解析:( ) About _ students went to the picture show that day. A) hundreds of B) two hundreds C) two hundred ofD) two hundred “about”意为“大约”,是指具体数量,因此,不能用表示不定数量的词语“h

31、undreds of”(意为“成百个”)。在表示确定数量时,英语中的“hundred”不加“s”,即不变复数。再由于“students”前没有定冠词“the”,不是“其中”之意,因此,也不能加介词“of”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。( ) _ of _ Class Four students have joined the singing group. A) Three-fifths, the B) Three-fifth, theC) Three-fifths, / D) Three-fifth, / 英语中,“几分之几”的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词,中间用短横“”连接。当分子大

32、于“一”时,分母序数词要加“s”。再由于本题句中数量用的是“of”词组,即意为“其中的五分之三”,因此后面的名词“students”必定是“确指”的,要加定冠词“the”。 所以本题答案应该选“A”。在这里要特别注意的是:不要看到“students”前有修饰词“Class Four”就不敢加定冠词“the”,要懂得这里的“the”是修饰“students”的。同样,“the English language”词语的表达形式也类似于此种情况。习题训练:Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格内):( ) 1.John has twelve

33、coins and Joan has _ ones, three times as many as John. A) thirteenB) fifteenC) thirty-sixD) forty-eight( ) 2.The post code used in our neighbourhood is _. A) 56348574B) 200333C) a quarterD) a dozen( ) 3.Today is her brothers birthday. _ is on _. A) She, fifth of May B) She, May fifthC) Hers, May fi

34、fthD) Hers, May the fifth( ) 4. _ of the students go to school by bike. A) Two-three B) Two-thirds C) Two-threes D) Two-third( ) 5.There are about _ seats in the hall. A) two hundreds B) two hundred C) hundreds of D) two hundred of( ) 6. A: How often should we publish the paper? B: _. A) In one week

35、s time B) Once a month C) After two weeksD) For half a month( ) 7. About _ the students went to the Science Museum last Thursday. A) hundreds of B) two hundred C) two hundred of D) two hundreds 五.介词: 介词是一种虚词,它不能单独使用,后面要跟名词、人称代词宾格或动名词。同一个动词,搭配不同的介词,可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来,而且在不同场合所用介词也各不相同。因此,介词的用法是比较复杂的,要求我们

36、去逐个记住。只有在看懂、理解整个句意的前提下,才能选对正确的介词。例题解析:( ) Mr. Brown flew to Washington _ the night before last.A) inB) onC) atD) / 在表达某一天的具体时间时,应该用介词“on”。但是本句是表达“在前天的夜里”,与“在前天”(the day before yesterday)相仿,前面不该用任何介词,所以本题答案应该选“D”。( ) The school gate is _ the north of the classroom building. A) in B) to C) onD) at 在英语

37、中,表达“东、南、西、北”的方位介词常见有三个:表示在方位区域的内部时,用介词“in”。如:The playground is in the south of the school.(操场在学校的南面。)表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时,应该用介词“on”。如:Room 203 is on the west of Room 205.(203室在205室的西面。)表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时,应该用介词“to”。如:Shanghai is to the east of Nanjing.(上海在南京的东面。)本题的“校门”在“教学大楼”的北面,应该用介词“to”,所以答案应该选“B”。( ) You

38、ll get one thousand dollars _. A) after allB) at allC) in all D) all together “after all”意为“到底”、“毕竟”、“终于”;“at all”通常与“not”连用,意为“完全不”、“一点也不”;“in all”通常用于数量词后面,意为“总共”,同义词是“altogether”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) This bus can run _ 70 miles an hour. A) forB) withC) atD) in 在表示“速度”、“温度”、“价格”意思时,应该用介词“at”。所以本题答案应该选

39、“C”。( ) Its said he stayed there quietly _ two oclock that afternoon.A) onB) atC) untilD) by “at two oclock that afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟”,时态通常用“过去进行时”;“by two oclock that afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟前”, 时态通常用“过去完成时”;“until two oclock that afternoon”意为“直到昨天下午两点钟”, 时态通常用“一般过去时”。本句中“stay”是延续动词,因此可用“until”句型;如果句

40、中谓语是瞬间动词的话,就应该用“not until”句型了。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) Tom didnt attend the lecture yesterday evening _ his illness. A) asB) forC) because D)because of 在本句中,“因为生病”是一个词语,而不是原因状语从句,因此,不能选连词“as”、“for”或“because”来连接,而要用介词词组“because of”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。( ) Now its quite important _ us to make full use of time. A) fo

41、rB) toC) ofD) with “Its important to sb.”( 意为“它对某人来说很重要”)是词语搭配,“Its for sb. to do ”(意为“做某事对某人来说是怎样的”)是句型。当两者交叉、重叠使用时,词语要让位于句型。所以本题答案应该选“A”。同样,“I like it so much that ”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”,也属于这种类型的表达方式。( ) Its nice _ you to get the ticket _ F1. Its said the car-race is very exciting. A) of, forB) for,

42、forC) of, ofD) for, of 这句是“Its of sb. to do”句型,意为“某人真是怎么样,做了某事”。后半句中“ticket for”是固定词语,意为“什么内容的票子”。 所以本题答案应该选“A”。习题训练:Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格内):( ) 1. You can draw it _ paints and brushes. A) by B) with C) in D) use( ) 2. What did you have _ breakfast? A) as B) with C) aboutD

43、) for( ) 3. The police _ helping to make our city a safe place to live and work _. A) is, in B) are, in C) is, / D) are, /( ) 4. Ive got three question _ you to think about. A) of B) for C) give D) to show( ) 5. We can ask people _ the Festival to do the quiz. A) in B) on C) at D) for( ) 6. What happens when we put some sugar _ a glass of warm water? A) on B) off C) out

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