南京新译林版七上单元语法整理及练习(同步课本).doc

7AU1动词be的一般现在时我们常用动词be的一般现在时谈论事实和状态。例如：I am from China.He is 12 years old.We are very happy.注意：主语可以是人称代词,也可以是名词，动词be要与主语保持一致。例如：The little dog is very cute.These apples are big and red.1. 如果主语是代词，在非正式行文中，动词be与前面主语可以缩写。如：I am=Im You are=Youre She is= Shes He is=HesIt is=Its We are=were They are=theyre2. 动词be一般现在时的否定句式是在be后面加not.例如：She is not tall. They are not in the classroom.在非正式行文中，动词is/are与not可以缩写。如：is not=isnt 、are not=arent。3. 动词be一般现在时的一般疑问句式是将be提前至句首。例如：Are you still in Grade 7?Yes, I am.Is Tom your classmate?No, he isnt.注意：am与not不能缩写。在肯定答语中，主语和动词be不能缩写。如“Yes, he is.” 不能缩写成 “Yes, hes.”练习一、 填be 的正确形式。1. My name is Millie. I _12 years old.2. Hello, _you Simon?3. They _my classmates. We _in Grade 7.4. Look! Sandy_over there.5. Mr Wu_our English teacher.6. _our school nice, boys and girls?二、 填be的正确形式。Millie: Hi, Sandy. Our school_big.Sandy: Yes, it_. The classroom_big too.Simon: Our teachers_nice. Mr Wu_a good teacher.Sandy: _he our Chinese teacher?Millie: No, he _. He_our English teacher.Simon: _you good at English, Sandy?Sandy: No, I_.7AU2行为动词的一般现在时用一般现在时谈论我们经常做的事，目前的爱好、能力等以及不受时限的客观事实。这时我们常使用行为动词，这种动词有具体、实际的含义。试比较：They are hard-working students.They work hard. 注意：当我们用一般现在时进行表达的时候，不能同时使用动词be和行为动词。例如：I am from China. I come from China. I am come from China. 1. 行为动词的一般现在时可用于以下情况：1） 经常性、习惯性的动作例如：I go to school at 7 oclock every morning.2） 目前的爱好、能力等例如：She sings very well.3） 不受时限的客观事实。例如: Fish live in water.根据主语的人称和数的不同，行为动词的一般现在时有两种形式。主语为第一、二和三人称复数时，行为动词使用其原形。例如：We have lunch at school.My parents watch films at weekends.主语为第三人称单数时行为动词使用其第三人称单数形式。例如：She does her homework in the evening.He plays football every day.规则举例读音变化大多数+smake-makes,live- lives清辅音后的s读s;浊辅音或元音后的s读z以ch, sh, ss或x结尾的动词后+esteach-teachesfinish-finishesguess-guessesfix-fixeses读Iz以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，去y, +iescarry-carriescry-crieses读z注：若是元音字母+y结尾，不用此规则。如：play-plays以辅音字母+o结尾的动词+esgo-goeses读z特殊变化have-has2. 行为动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式构成方法如下：2. 行为动词一般现在时的否定式：do not/does not + 行为动词非正式行文中：do not=dontdoes not= doesnt例句：Students do not go to school on Sunday.He does not work in this shop.3. 行为动词一般现在时的疑问句式：do/does +主语+其他例如：Do you play basketball after school? Does John speak Chinese?注意：在疑问句和否定句中，助动词之后的行为动词均用原形。4. 区分行为动词do和助动词do的用法例如：I do not do housework on Saturday.Do you do housework on Saturday?第一个do是助动词，第二个do是行为动词。练习A. 选词填空。dance go like play watch1. I _playing volleyball.2. Kitty_very well.3. Amy _swimming every week.4. Simon often_football with his friends.5. Daniel sometimes_ball games on TV.B. 根据表格和例子填空。listening to musicSimon Kitty SandyswimmingAmy DanielreadingAmy Daniel Millie Sandy SimonwalkingAmy Daniel Millie KittydrawingAmy Millie Sandy例：_Do_ Sandy ad Kitty enjoy listening to music? _Yes, they do._1. _Millie like swimming? _2. _Amy enjoy reading? _3. _Simon like walking? _4. _Simon and Daniel love drawing? _C. 用所给词的正确形式填空。Daniel: Hi, Simon._you_(play) football at weekends?Simon: Of course. I often_(play) football with my cousins.Daniel: _your parents_(go) with you?Simon: No, they dont. But my dad sometimes_(watch) our games. Sometimes he_(read) at home. My mum often_(shop) at weekends. What about you, Daniel?Daniel: I often_(stay) at home. Sometimes I _(go) swimming with my dad.7AU3人称代词用人称代词来代替表示人或物的名词。例如：Lucy and I are twins. We are from the USA.Look at these flowers. They are beautiful.The panda is cute. Everyone likes it.Helen is my cousin. I often play with her.注意：人称代词还可以代指动植物及无生命的物体。人称代词在句子中作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格。主格常位于句首，宾格一般在动词或介词后。人称代词主宾格归纳如下：人称代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem练习一、 用主格形式填空。Millie：Mum, look at the pictures of my friends on the wall.Mum: OK. Let me see. Is this Daniel?Millie: Yes, it is. Daniel is clever._is good at Maths.Mum: Is that Simon. Millie?Millie: Yes, Mum. Simon is tall. _is in our school football team.Mum: This is Kitty, I think.Millie: No. This is Amy. _has short hair. Thats Kitty. _has long hair.Mum: Oh yes. _are good friends, right?Millie: Yes, Mum. _are all very nice. _love them.二、 用宾格形式填空。(on the phone: Daniel his grandpa)Daniel: Im at a new school, Grandpa. Let me tell you about_. Mr Wu is our English teacher. We all like_. I have some new friends. I like to play with _after class. Im not good at English. Sometimes Millie helps _. Is Grandma at home now? I want to say hello to _.Grandpa: Pardon? Daniel, I cant hear_well on the phone.7AU4表示时间的介词（in/on/at）在不同的时间前加in, on, at 来表示做某事的时间介词用于举例in一天中的早中晚月份季节年In the morning/ afternoon/ eveningIn January / February/ March/ April/ May/ June/ July/ August/ September/ October/ November/ DecemberIn spring/ summer/ autumn/ winterIn 2008/ 2012/ 2100on星期某一天某一天的早中晚特定的节日（一天）On Sunday/ Monday/ Tuesday/ Wednesday/ Thursday/ Friday/ SaturdayOn 1 SeptemberOn a cold morning/ Sunday afternoonOn Childrens Dayat某一时刻年龄At 4:15At 12 ( years old )注意：如果节日不止一天，而是持续一段时间，我们用at。 如： at Christmas、at the Spring Festival.频度副词表示做某件事的频率。例如：He always gets up at six in the morning.We do not often go to the cinema.I am never late for school.注意：频度副词一般放在行为动词的前面、助动词do/does和动词be的后面。频度副词表示的频率由低到高为：Never seldom sometimes often usually always0% 100%练习一、 介词填空。Dear Millie,Thanks for your email. I would like to tell you about my life here.Our lessons begin_nine oclock. Usually we have three lessons_the morning and two_the afternoon. We do not have lessons_ Saturday or Sunday. I love sports. I am good at playing football. I often play it with my friends_Saturday afternoon. We have a school football match_autumn every year. This year, it is_15 November. My friends and I always have great fun then.All the best,Tommy 二、 频率副词填空。1. Simon loves playing football. He _plays football in the playground.2. Sandy does not have much time to play tennis. She _plays tennis.3. Amy is a member of the swimming team. She _swims after school.4. Kitty goes to her dancing lessons every day. She _dances for half an hour.5. Millie _goes roller skating, but she is not good at it.7AU5特殊疑问词询问一些信息例如：who plays basketball well in your class?Whose pencil is this?特殊疑问句多以疑问词开头，常用疑问词有：what, who, whose, when, how等。因大多数疑问句以wh-开头，所以特殊疑问句又被称为 “wh-问句”。特殊疑问句含义例句whatclass/ grade什么What is your name/job?colour那个班级/年级What class are you in?time什么颜色What colour do you like?when几点What time is it?where哪里When do you usually get up?who谁Where do you live?why为什么Who is the man in a blue sweater?whose谁的Whose pen is this?which哪一个Which is better, the red one or the blue one?how怎么样How do you go to school?howmanymuch多少（可数）多少（不可数）How many students are there in your class?How much milk do you drink every day?old几岁How old is your cousin?often多长时间一次How often do you go to the library?long多长多久How long is the Yangtze River?How long do you watch TV every day?far多远How far is your home from school?tall多高How tall is the building?注意：1. 针对疑问词what time的回答多为具体时间，而针对when 的回答既可以是大体时间也可以是具体时间。例如：What time do you get up? At seven oclock.When do you play volleyball?On Wednesday afternoon.2. 疑问词whose, which后可以跟名词。例如：Whose car is this? Which book do you like?3. 当对价格或金额提问时，直接用how much。例如：How much is your computer?4. 回答特殊疑问句时，不能用Yes或no,而要针对问题回答，即问什么答什么。例如：How old are you? Im thirteen.练习一、 用疑问词填空。1. _glasses are these?2. _is that man?3. _do we have for lunch?4. _is my schoolbag?二、 根据回答填词。1. _is your classroom? Its on the ground floor.2. _mask is this? Its Amys.3. _is that girl in a red coat? Thats Kitty!4. _does he want for Christmas? He wants a toy train.5. _present is for Daniel? The blue one.6. _do you celebrate Christmas? Family members get together and give each other presents.7. _is your birthday? Its on 1 August.8. _do you want rice dumplings? Because the Dragon Boat Festival is coming.三、 根据语意填空。Millie：What a nice cake! _birthday is it today? Amy: Its my birthday, Millie.Millie: Happy birthday, Amy! _do you usually celebrate your birthday?Amy: We go out for a birthday dinner.Millie: _goes to your birthday dinner?Amy: My grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins.Millie: I see. _do you have the dinner?Amy: At a restaurant near my home.Millie: _do you get as birthday presents?Amy: Books, clothes, shoes, toys and some other nice things.7AU6可数名词和不可数名词名词分为两种：可数名词和不可数名词1. 不可数名词通常指以量计算或作为整体的事物。如water或time。不可数名词无单、复数之分。前面无限定词均可。例如：Her hair is very long.Do you have paper?2. 可数名词，顾名思义，即可以用数目计算的人或事物，指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。例如：I am a student.They love these children very much.3. 可数名词单数变复数表格规则举例读音变化大多数+sbook-bookschair- chairs清辅音后的s读s;浊辅音或元音后的s读z以ch, sh, ss或x结尾的词后+esbus-busesbox-boxeswatch-watchesbrush-brusheses读Iz注：以th结尾的可数名词不适用此规则，如：month-months以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，去y, +iesfamily-familiesies读Iz注：若是元音字母+y结尾，不用此规则。如：boy-boys以o结尾且表示人或农作物等有生命的事物的词+esgo-goeses读z注：以O结尾但表示无生命的事物的单词不适用此规则。如：radio-radios以f或fe结尾的词，去点f或fe，+vesknife-knivesshelf-shelvesves读z特殊变化man-menfoot-feetchild-childrenfish-fish由man或与另一个单词组成的复数名词变为复数时，两部分都发生变化。如： women driversmen doctors4. 易误用的不可数名词：time, money, work, homework, news, luck等。5. 如果主语是不可数名词，动词常用单数。例如：Coffee is a kind of drink.6. 作单数的可数名词或名词短语前一般有限定词，如：冠词a/an，the；指示代词this， that;形容词性物主代词my, your, his, her, their 等；名词所有格Johns等。注意：冠词a用于辅音音素开头的可数名词前；an 用于元音音素开头的可数名词前，而不是元音字母开头的名词前。例如： Mary is an American. She is an honest girl. She has an umbrella and a useful book.7. 不可数名词前不能用a/an或表示具体数量的数词。但可以用the, some,much, a little, little, a lot of 等词或词组修饰，表示数量的多少。例如：a lot of water8. 不可数名词前还可以用表示量的可数名词+of短语来表示数量。例如：a piece of paper three cups of coffee five kilos of meat练习根据提示填空,并将所填的词填入下列的表格中：Millie：Mum, what do we need to buy?Mum: We need some_(鸡肉）, a_ of_(一袋米） and a_of_(一袋盐）Millie：Do we need to buy_(蔬菜）？Mum: Yes. Lets buy some_(胡萝卜） and_（土豆）.Millie: I want to buy some_(西红柿）. Theyre Grandpas favourite. And we have only an_(苹果) at home. We need to buy some too.Mum: OK. We can also buy a few_of_(几瓶果汁）. 可数名词单数可数名词复数不可数名词7AU7用some和any表示数量用some和any这样的不定数或不定量的词来修饰名词。1. Some和any表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。例如：There are some books on the desk. I want some juice. There are not any oranges in the shop.Do you have any good news? 2. Some长用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句或疑问句中。例如：He has some interesting computer games. He does not have any interesting computer games. Does he have any interesting computer games?注意：在疑问句中，我们在提出建议或请求时常用some，表示希望得到对方的肯定答复。例如：Can you pass some sugar to me? Would you like some drink?There be结构我们常用“there be”结构来表示“某地有某物或某人”。例如: There is a computer in the reading room. There are a lot of people in the park at weekend. There is not any meat in the fridge. Are there any girl students in the classroom?1. There be 结构中，动词be的形式与后面名词一致。后面的名词如果是可数名词单数或不可数名词，动词be用is；后面的名词如果是可数名词复数，动词be用are.注意：当there be后面有两个或两个以上名词时，动词be要与离它最近的名词一致。例如：There is a girl and two boys under the tree. There are two boys and a girl under the tree.2. There be结构的否定句式是在动词be后加not；一般疑问句式是把动词be调到句首，应答时可以说：Yes, there is/are 或 No, there is/are not.3. 注意区分there be和have的用法。There be结构表示“存在”，而have表示“拥有”。例如：There is a picture on the wall. I have some pictures.练习用there be的正确形式填空。My school is very beautiful, and_some shops around it. _a bookshop near my school. _a lot of good books in it. _also some pens, rubbers and exercise books. Sometimes we go there after school._hair clips, music boxes and some other nice things too. We can buy presents for our friends in the shop. Not far away from my school,_also a supermarket. It is not very big, but_enough snacks in it.7AU8现在进行时用现在进行时表示“某人正在做某事”例如：I am watching TV in my bedroom. My grandfather is reading newspaper. Boys are not playing in the playground now.Are you doing your homework?Yes, I am.1. 现在进行时可以表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。例如：We are waiting for you here. Tom is making a model plane all the afternoon. We are working hard this term.2. 如果句子带有鲜明的时间状语，如Now（现在），或带有Look和listen等暗示词或有表示现在的上下文语境，我们常用现在进行时。例如：My mum is cooking dinner now. Listen! Our teacher is singing an English song.Where is your father?Oh, he is cleaning his car.注意：有些名词一般不用于进行时，如：know, understand, love, like, want, hope, hear, see等。3. 现在进行时的基本结构时主语+be+v-ing（动词的现在分词），动词的变化规则如下：规则举例大多数动词后加inggo-going以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ingtake-taking以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y,再加ingdie-dying以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ingget-gettingswim-swimming注意：重读闭音节首先必须是重读音节，同时这个音节是两个辅音中间夹一个元音的结构。4. 现在进行时的否定句式是在be后面加not, 构成主语+be+not+v-ing结构。例如: The students are not having lunch.5. 现在进行时的一般疑问句式是把be提前至句首。例如：Is that girl asking you questions?Yes, she is.6. 现在进行时的特殊疑问句式是疑问词+be+主语+v-ing。例如：What are you reading?Im reading a book about colours.练习一、用所给词的正确形式填空。1. Look! Simon _(play) football with his friends in the playground.2. Its 4 oclock in the afternoon. Daniel _(study) in the classroom.3. Millie_(write) a letter to her friend about the fashion show.4. Sandy is a member of the basketball team. Now she_(practise) with other team members.5. Where is Amy? Oh, she_(talk) to her cousin Shirley. They _(wait) for the school bus.