新概念英语1全册讲义和学习笔记.doc

新概念英语1 全册讲义和笔记Excuse?1） v. 原谅?eg.Excuse me.请原谅，劳驾。2 ）n. 借口?eg. It?s an excuse.3 ）?mepron.我（宾格 :用来做宾语的。 ）?eg. He loves me.他爱我 .?eg. Please tell me.他告诉我 .Excuse me的用法这个短语经常被译作“对不起 ”，但它并不表示你有什么过错，而是说你要打搅别人，所以常被译作“劳驾 ”。1 ） 为了要引起别人的注意?eg. Excuse me. Is this you handbag?2 ） 要打扰某人或要打断别人话?eg. Excuse me .May I ask you a question?3) 向陌生人问路?eg. Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station?4) 向某人借东西?eg. Excuse me. Can I borrow your pen?5) 需要从别人身边挤过或让别人给自己让路?eg. Excuse me. Could you please make some room for me?6) 要求在宴席或会议中途中离开一会儿eg. Excuse me. May I lease for a little while?sorry用于当你做错事而向别人道歉的时候，表示“对不起 ”。. Grammar1. 一般疑问句 ;把系动词be(is, am, are)置于句首?eg. This is a handbag.这是一个手提包。 （肯定句）?eg. Is this a handbag.-Yes, it is. ( 肯定回答 )（ it 代 handbag ）- No, it is?t.( 否定回答 )2. 否定句：把 not 加在系动词的后面?is not = isn?t ?am not ?are notLesson2?watch1) n. 手表?eg. My watch is new.我的手表是新的。.?eg. Is that your new watch?-Yes , it is.2) v 看 ?watch TV?house房子Exercise B1.当你没有听清楚别人的说话时，你应该说：Pardon?I beg your pardon?Pardon me?2.会议中途你想离开一会儿，你应该说:Excuse me3.当你不小心踩了别人的脚时，应该说：Sorry.4.当别人帮助了你，你应该说Thank youThank you very much小结含有系动词 is 的句型转换1.陈述句 This is.That is .2.一般疑问句 Is .?3.肯定回答： Yes , it isYes , she is4.否定回答： No, it isn t .No, she isn t.1.否定句：系动词后面加not.1) 请（可置于句首，也可置于句末）Come in please=Please come inSit down please=Please sit down2) 求求你（重读） eg. Don t tell my mother about it, please! 不要把这件事告诉我的妈妈，求求你了。 eg. Help me, please! 帮帮我，求求你了。 here adv. 这里 there adv. 那里 eg. Come here. 到这儿来。 eg. Go there. 到那儿去。 here与 there 置于句首时，后面主谓要倒装。 eg. Here is my ticket.(here 放置于句首，后面的系动词is 在主语 my ticket的前面 )正常语序： My ticket is here. my pron. 我的（物主代词不可以单独使用后面要加名词）Her boyfriend is very rich. 她的男朋友很有钱。.Welcome to our school.欢迎到我们学校来。 ticket n. 票 an air ticket a train ticket a bus ticket a cinema ticket Here is my air ticket number n.号码 telephone number 电话号码 number + 基数词第 . number one第一 number twoI am number one. lesson five 第五课 day five 第五天 five 可+数名词复数形式五个(表示数量为两个以上的名词都要用复数形式，即在词尾要加s) five handbags 五个手提包 sorry常用于对自己所犯的过失表示道歉 Excuse me . 打扰别人时说的客套话。I m sorry,. I broke yourglass. Excuse me. May I ask you a question?sir n.先生表示对不相识的男子，年长者或上级的一种尊称，一般单独便用，后面不与姓氏连用。Excuse me, sir.Thank you, sir.Can I help you, sir?Mr. 也是 “先生 ”的意思，但与sir 的用法上有所不同，Mr.必须与姓氏连用，不可单独便用。Mr. Zhang.TestQuestion:Does the man get his umbrella back?这位男士有没有要回他的雨伞?My coat and my umbrella please.此句省略了动词give( 给 ) give sb sth 把某物给某人（ sb 是 somebody 的缩写，表示 “某人 ”）（ sth 是 something 的缩写，表示 “某物 ”） Give me my coat and my umbrella please.Here is my ticket此句为倒装句，副词here/three置于句首时，主谓要倒装。正常语序： My ticket is here.Here s your umbrella and your coat. and表示 “和 ”，是连词，连接两个并列成份，位置可以互换。My father and my mother.Is this your umbrella?此句为一般疑问句。含有系动词be 的陈述句变成一般疑问句，把系动词置于句首，句号变问号，用升调。Is this her can?Yes, it is.Is this it ? = Is this your umbrella? it指 your umbrella,由于前面提到了umberlla,所以后面就用it 来代替，以免重复。I want a man s suit. 我想要一套男装。 at school 在学校求学.Her son is at school.她的儿子在学上校上学。 go to school 去上学My son is very strong.My daughter is very lovely.我的女儿非常可爱。我妈妈的那套衣服不是黑色的。My mother s(名词所有格 ) suit isn t black.Lesson five语音：后元音（五个）; 用舌的后部感觉发音。a: 口腔全开，嘴唇成自然装态，不扁也不圆，长音。 ar car hard star park farm dark party start a fast past father ear heart al half1. You can t park your car on the farm.2. The party starts at half past ten.3. I can t see the stars in the dark sky.发音时舌尖要离开下齿龈，口形椭圆，肌肉放松，短音。闭音节单词中o jobclocklongstoplostgotbosshot awatchwater1. She lost that job, but she got this job.2. The clock often stops. orbornsporthorse short alalltallfallwalltalk awpawlawdraw au augh taughtcaughtLesson fiveMr. 先生（不可单独使用）Mr. +姓氏Mr. leeMr.zhang sir先生可以单独使用，是对上级，长者，或陌生男性的尊称。Sir 后面不能加姓氏。Thank you, sir.Sorry, sir.Can I help you, sir? good adj. 好反义词badadj.坏的This is a good book.She is a good teacher. morning n. 早晨 afternoon n. 下午 evening n. 晚上 nightn.夜里Good morning.Good afternoon,Good eveningGood night in the morning在早上. in the afternoon在下午 in the evening在晚上 at night在夜里Miss小姐（一般指未婚女性）Miss +姓氏Miss LeeMrs.太太（己婚女性）Mrs. + 丈夫的姓氏Mrs. Black布莱克太太 (其丈夫姓Black)Ms. 女士（对未知婚姻状况者的称谓）Ms. Lee李女士英语国家人名的构成： first name + middle name + aurname名字中间名姓 newadj.新的反义词oldadj.旧的That is my new shirt.Is this your old dress?Frenchn.法国人（国籍）; 法语 adj. 法国的Miss Lee is French. I can speak French. He is a French student.Francen. 法国（国名）I come from France.I am from France.Germann.德国人（国籍）;德语 adj.德国的Are you German?He can speak German.Is Miss Sophie Dupont a German student?Germany ?:m ?mi n.德国（国名） meetv遇见，碰见Nice to meet you这是非正式场合下初次见面时的客套用语。回答也应为：Nice to meet you, too.在正式场合中How do you do?你好回答也是How do you do?Japanesen. 日本人（国籍） ，日语 adj.日本的Japann. 日本（国名）Koreann. 韩国人（国籍）; 韩国语 adj.韩国的Korean.韩国（国名）Chinesen. 中国人（国籍）; 汉语. adj. 中国的Chinan. 中国（国名）China is a big country. too adv. 也用在肯定和疑问句中。否定句中用either, too和 either一般都放在句末，并且用逗号隔开。Miss Dupont is French, too.Mrs. Lee is not German, either.Good morning.也可以直接用hello问好。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Sophie is a new student. She is French.“ This is + 姓名 ”是把一个人介绍给另一个人时用的句型。向别人介绍自己时：My name is或者是I am.He is German=He is from Germany.Nice to meet you.用于非正式场合的初次见面。回答：Nice to meet you, too. make1) n. (产品的 )牌号My shirt is a Korean make.我的衬衫是韩国牌子的。What make is your car?2) v. 制造，做make a car make a model plane.Swedishn. 瑞典人（国籍） adj.瑞典的Swedenn. 瑞典 （国名）Sweden is in Europe.瑞典在欧洲。Englishadj. 英国的英语， 英国人Englandn. 英格兰， 英国Americanadj.美国的 n美国人American.美国Italianadj. 意大利的意大利人，意大利语Italyn.意大利（国名）选择疑问句Is she a Chinese teacher or a Japanese teacher?She isn t a Chinese teacher. She is a Japanese teacher. name 姓名My name is .Your name isHis name is.Her name isMy name is Wendy.I am含系动词的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问句 +系动词 +主语？What color is his shirt?What is your name? nationality n. 国籍What nationality are you?你是哪国人？Where are you from?Where do you come from? job 工作What is your job? What do you do?你的工作是什么？Lesson nine how怎么样 (特殊疑问词 ) how many 多少（可数名词复数）How many students? how much 多少（不可数名词，价格）How much tea?How much is the handbag? how long 多长时间How long have you been in China? how often 多经常（频率）How often do you take a bath? how far 多远（距离）How far is it from here? how soon 多久I am leaving for Shanghai on business.How soon will you come back? well1) adv.好（修饰动词）He cooks well.He dose well in English.3)adj.身体好How are you, today?I am well. Thank you, and you? see 表示结果 look强调动作过程Look at the blackboard. watch 看，注视（所看画面是移动的）Nice to meet you.(初次见面时打招呼用语)Nice to see you.(相互认识的人见面时打招呼用)This is our classroom.Whose classroom is this？.Whose is this classroom?形容词性物主代词是修饰名词的，所以后面必须加名词。This suit is my. (错语 )This suit is mine. (正确 )名词性物主代词必须单独使用，后面不再接名词。名词所有格是在词尾加s。这种形式即具有形容词性，也具有名词性。Whose shirt is this?This is Wendy s(作形容词性物主代词来用) skirt.=This is her skirt.Whose is this skirt?This skirt is Wend s. =This skirt is hers.Your car is red; mine is blue. mine =my carI have my way, and she has hers.我有我的处事方式，她有她的。 whose 引导的特殊疑问句即可用形容词性物主代词回答，也可用名词性物主代词回答。Whose house is this?This is our house. = This house is ours. perhaps=maybe 可能 Perhaps it will rain. Perhaps it is his car. catch v.1) 接住Catch2) 逮住，捕获 catch a thief3) 染上（疾病 catch a cold father=Dad mather=Mum parents: father and mother His parents is in Germany.(his parent 复数，故系动词用 are)What makeWhat make is your watch? come v. 来 gov. 去Come on; let s go swimming.来吧，我们去游泳。Come on; stop day-dreaming.得了，拜托，别再做白日梦了。Come on; you ll be fine.没关系，你会没事的。 upstairs adv. 楼上 downstairs adv. 楼下 herethere home abroad地点副词前不可以加介词。 come here 不可以说成come to here. smartadj.1) 漂亮的 ; 时髦的Lucy s blouse is smart.Her hat is very smart2) 聪明的 ; 机灵的She is a smart student. He is a smart businesman. clever 聪 明的（指理解力） ; 狡猾的 bright (多指小孩 )Your little son is so bright. wise 理性的 ; 精明的（形容年纪较长者） lovely 可爱的Whose is this lovely hat?Whose lovely hat is this?It s Ann s (hat) cute小孩可爱The baby is cute.祁使句：谓语动词一般用原形，表示请求建议命令等。Follow meShut the door, pleaseBe carefulGo and buy a new hat.Wait and see same 常与 the 连用表示同一的，相同的 the same ageThe same cityWe live in the same city. friend n. 朋友 Are they your friends? friendly adj. 友好的 be friendly to sb 对 .友好She is friendly to me.(to介词后面要接宾语)2) 在以 “ s”“ x”“结sh尾”“的单ch数”名词变复数时，需在单词后面加“ es” busbusesdressdresses3) 以元音字母加 “ y结”尾的单数名词变复数，我们在词尾加s boy boys以辅音字母加“ y结”尾的单词，需把“ y去”掉再加 ies flyfliesbabybabies4)以 o 结尾的单数名词变复数时有两种形式：其一是直接在词尾加s; 另一种是在词尾加 es.口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西经柿+esNegro(es)hero(es)potato(es)tomato(es)其它则加 s photo(s)5)不规则变化 manmengoosegeesefootfeet(以 f 或 fe结尾的单数名词变成复数，一般把f 或 fe变成 v 再加 es.) knife knives employee n. 雇员. employern.雇 主 employv. employ sb. employment n. 就业 unemployment n.失业-ee 一般指动作的承受者，被动者-er一般指施动者，主动者 interview v. 采访 ; 面试*intervieween.被面试者，被采访者*interviewern.面试者，采访者 .*hard-workingadj. 勤奋的Miss Smith is a hard-working employee. Smith小姐是一个勤奋的雇员。*hard workn. 艰苦的工作（ hard 是 adj., work是 n.）That is hard work.那是一项艰苦的工作。 （注意 work 当工作讲时是不可数名词因此前面不能加“ a）”*workhardv. 努力工作（ work是 v.， hard 是 adv. ）We work hard.我们努力工作。*sales reps推销员*sales rep(单数形式 )*reprepresentativen. 代表*salesn.销售*sales representative销售人员，销售代表*sales person销售人员*salesman男销售员*saleswoman女销售员*mann. 男人 （单数）人类men*womann.女人women*officen. 办公室*in the office在办公室里*assistantn. 助手，助理*assistant of the manager经理助理*office block办公大楼*officer官员*assistv. 援助*who引导的特殊疑问句*who引导的含有系动词的特殊疑问句的句型为：*who is +单数名词？*who are +复数名词？Who is that fat man?This conversation is between Mr. Jackson and Mr. Richards. Mr. Jackson is introducing the employees to Mr. Richards.Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions.What are Michael Baker and JeremyShot s jobs?Before we listen to the dialogue . Let s practice these names.Come and meet our employees, Mr. Richards.祈使句 (省略主语 )：You come and meet our employees.用来表示建议，命令，叮嘱等。*this is用来介绍他人How do you do?在正式场合下第一次见面时用语。回答也是：How do you do?- How are you? 朋友或相识的人之间见面时的询问身体状况的问候语。- I am fine. / I am well.*mattern. 事情What s the matter?怎么了？（用来询问发生了什么事）What s wrong?What s the matter with.?What s wrong with.?.怎么了？What s the matter with your brother?你的兄弟怎么了？It doesn t matter!没事，没关系！常用在回复sorry 这句话中- Sorry!I m sorry!- It doesn t matter!*childrenn. 孩子们（复）child ( 单数 )- Whose child is this?- This is her child.- Whose is this child?- This child is hers.*tiredadj.累的，疲乏的- I m tired. 我累了。*tire out :completely tired筋疲力尽了*tireless不知疲倦的*less是形容词后缀，具有否定意义。- a tireless worker不知疲倦的工人*thirstyadj.渴的-We are tired and thirsty.*rightadj.1) 好的，可以- Let s go upstairs and see my new blouse. 让我们上楼看我的新衬衫。- All right.-I fell off the stairs.我从楼梯上摔了下来。- Are you all right? 你还好吧？-Yes, I am. 我还好，没什么事。2 ） 右边，右边的*left左边，左边的- on the right3) 正确的- That s right. 对，没错（ wrong ）*there be 结构There be .某地有某物There is + n. (可数单数名词或不可数名词) + 介词短语（状语）There are + n. (可数复数名词 ) + 介词短语（状语）介词 ( 后面加名词 )*in在 里面-in the box- in the office-in the room*on在上面- on the desk- on the book- on the floorThere is a tie in the box.在盒子里面有一条领带（a tie 可数名词单数，所以用is. ）There are two shirts on the bed.在床上有两件衬衫。 （ two shirts复数名词，所以用are）.There is some water on the desk.在桌子上有一些水。 （water不可数名词，所以用is. ）我们说如果一个句子中有be 的形式存在，那么这个句子的疑问或否定形式都在be 本身变化。比如说疑问句，我们就把系动词提前，否定句，我们就在系动词后面加not.There is a tie in the box.Is there a tie in the box.Yes, there is.No, there isntThere is some water on the desk.Is there any water on the desk?(some和 any都表示 “一些 “， some 一般用在肯定句中，any 用在疑问句或否定句中。)Listen to the dialog carefully and answer: why do the children thank their mother?Are you ok now?Lesson 20*big1) 外形比较大-There is a big box on the floor.地板上有一个大箱子。2 ）抽象的大-Deng Xiaoping is a big man.邓小平是一个伟大的人物。*small体积小*little( 感情色彩 )小-a small room- a little girl ( 带有喜欢，喜爱之情)*open1) adj. 开着的- The shop is open. 商店开业了。2 ） v. 开，打开-open the door打开门*shut1) adj.关着的= closed-The door is closed.-The door is shut.2) v. 关上 = close -shut the door -close the door -Shut up! 闭嘴 *light1) adj. 轻