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沪教版八年级英语上册知识点整理.docx

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1、U1P11:辅音字母加y结尾的可数名词,y改i加es转换复数(转复数)hobby-hobbies(转复数)library-libraries(转复数)story-stories元音字母加y结尾的可数名词,直接加s(转复数)boy-boys(转复数)toy-toys(转复数)monkey-monkeys2:以o结尾无生命,复数加s(转复数)photo-photos(转复数)radio-radios(转复数)kilo-kilos以o结尾有生命,复数加es(转复数)tomato-tomatoes(转复数)potato-potatoes(转复数)hero-heroes3:打招呼,问候(v):greet

2、招呼,问候(n):greeting4:发动机,引擎(n):engine工程师(n):engineer例句:我的理想是成为一名工程师。My ambition is to be an engineer5:拥有(v):own拥有者(n):owner例句:杰克拥有一辆汽车。Jack owns a car例句:他是这辆车的拥有者。He is the owner of the car6:物理(n):physics物理的(adj):physical短语:物理的变化。a physical change短语:体育(全称)。physical education短语:物理老师。physics teacher短语:教

3、我们物理。teach us physics7:签名(v):sign签名(n):signature8:n(变成adj):加y变adj(变adj)rain-rainy(变adj)sun-sunny(变adj)cloud-cloudy(变adj)wind-windy(变adj)snow-snowy(变adj)fog-foggy(变adj)friend-friendly(变adj)love-lovely9:可能的(adj):probable可能,大概(adv):probably可能的(adj):possible可能,大概(adv):possiblyadj-adv(第一种方法):直接加lyadj-adv

4、(第一种方法):变y为i再加lyadj-adv(第一种方法):le去e再加y(变adv)polite-politely(变adv)quick-quickly(变adv)happy-happliy(变adv)terrible-terribly(变adv)possible-possibly(变adv)probable-probably(变adv)heavy-heavily(变adv)gentle-gently10:高的(adj):high高度(n):height称重(v):weigh重量(n):weight长的(adj):long长度(n):length有力的(adj):strong力量(n):s

5、trength宽的(adj):wide宽度(n):widthU1P21:喜欢做某事(3个动词):like/love/enjoy doing sth变成doing形式(第一点):加ing变成doing形式(第二点):去不发音e加ing变成doing形式(第三点):(辅元辅)双写结尾字母加ing(变doing)ski-skiing(变doing)dance-dancing(变doing)write-writing(变doing)swim-swimming(变doing)run-runing(变doing)shop-shopping2:喜欢做某事(第一种形式):be keen on喜欢做某事(第二种

6、形式):be interested in doing sth喜欢做某事(第三种形式):be fond of3:想要做某事(would形式):would like to do sth想要做某事(want形式):want to do sth/would为情态动词,可以直接加not,构成否定wouldnt/want有人称和时态变化,would没有例句:kitty不想成为一名教师(would形式):kitty would not like to be a teacher例句:kitty不想成为一名教师(want形式):kitty doesnt want to be a teacher4:我的爱好是做某

7、事:my hobby is doing sth做某事是我的爱好:doing sth is my hobby主语+is+to do sth我的爱好是做某事(todo)。my hobby is to do sth我的志向是做某事(todo)。my ambition is to do sth我的职业是做某事(todo)。my job is to do sth我的期望是做某事(todo)。my wish is to do sth例句:我的爱好是下国际象棋。My hobby is to play chess5:送信件和包裹。deliver letters and parcels例句:一个邮递员的职业是送

8、信件和包裹。A postmans job is to deliver letters and parcels6:拥有(v)(两种):own = have短语:谁拥有什么。ones own sth短语:独自(两种)。on ones own = by oneself7:对某人友善(两种)。be friendly to sb = be kind to sb8:短语:叫.+名字:call sb +名称例句:叫我Jon:call me Jon打电话给某人(第一种形式):call sb打电话给某人(第一种形式):phone sb打电话给某人(第一种形式):ring sb被叫作:sb called +名称例

9、句:一个被叫做Jon的男孩。A boy called Jon短语:号召某人做某事。call on sb to do sth例句:我们新班级的老师总是号召我们为了更好的将来而更努力地学习。Our new class teacher always calls on us to work harder for a better future9:返回(两种):come back = return10:play后加(第一种形式):play +球类运动play后加(第二种形式):play chessplay后加(第三种形式):play +the +乐器钢琴:piano小提琴:violin吉他:guitar

10、11:在上学:at school在工作:at work在读大学:at university12:希望做某事:hope to do sth希望某人将/能做某事:hope (that) sb will/can do sth例句:我希望你将尽快给我写信。I hope you will write to me soon.13:告诉某人关于某人/某物:tell sb about sb / sth例句:告诉我父母关于我的校园生活。Tell my parents my school life14:与某人共用/分享某物。share sth with sb例句:与我们分享幸福。Share happiness w

11、ith us15:写信给某人:write (a letter) to sb收到某人来信(两种):receive/get a letter from sb = hear from sb16:在.期间(prep):during短语:在暑假期间。during summer holidays短语:在我停留在上海期间。during my stay in Shanghai17:可能,大概(adv)(两种)(用于句首):maybe = perhaps/maybe和perhaps常用于句首可能,大概(adv)(两种)(用于句中):probably = possibly/probably和possibly常用于

12、句中例句:kitty可能成为一名医生(maybe)。Maybe kitty will be a doctor例句:kitty可能成为一名医生(possibly)。Kitty will possibly be a doctor18:在.中间:in the middle of在.中心:in the centre of在.东边:in the east of在.西边:in the west of在.南边:in the south of在.北边:in the north of在.右边:on the right of在.左边:on the left of在.(外部)的前面:in front of在.(内部

13、)的前面:in the front of例句:教室前面有很多树。There are many trees in front of the classroom例句:教室里的前面有一个讲台。There is a teaching desk in the front of the classroom19:离.近(两种):be close to = near附近的(adj):nearby附近的(adv):nearby例句:我妈妈在附近的一所学校工作。My mum works in a nearby school例句:我妈妈工作在一所学校附近。My mun works in a school nearb

14、y20:从A到B:from A to B/从A到B:AB为人,AB为地点,用How far提问。AB为时间,用How long提问21:德国人:German德国人(复数):Germans短语:说德语。speak German22:想到:think of例句:春天令你想到了什么?What does spring make you think of?考虑做某事(两种):think about doing sth = consider doing sth例句:Kitty考虑出国去进修(过去时)。Kitty thought about going abroad for further studyfar

15、的第一种表示距离的比较级:fartherfar的第二种表示程度的比较级:further短语:进修,深造:further study仔细考虑:think (it) over例句:请仔细考虑,然后告诉我你的最终结果。Please think it over and tell me your final decision23:遍及全世界(两种):all over the world = throughout the world24:来自(两种):be from = come from例句:Kitty来自德国。Kitty comes from Germany25:在工作日:on weekdays在周末

16、(两种介词):on/at weekends26:短语:某人最喜欢的某物:ones favourite sth/ones是形物代(my/our/your/his/her/their)我最喜欢的科目/颜色/食物。my favourite subject/colour/food某人的最好的某物:ones best sth短语:她最好的科目:her best subject短语:他最好的朋友:his best friendU1P31:疑问词,什么:what例句:你的职业是什么?whats your job例句:天气怎么样?(what形式):whats the weather like例句:你觉得上海怎

17、么样?(what形式):what do you think of Shanghai2:疑问词,谁:who例句:这封信是谁写来的?:who is the letter from3:疑问词,哪一个或那些:which例句:哪个女士是格林小姐?:which lady is Miss Green例句:你最喜欢哪个科目?:which subject is your favourite例句:你去过哪些国家?:which countries have you been to?4:疑问词,什么时候:when/when问的是点时间when问的大时间是:年 月 日when问的小时间是:几点钟when中的几点钟相当于

18、:what time例句:你是什么时候出生的?:when were you born例句:你通常什么时候起床?:when do you usually get up5:疑问词,在哪里:where例句:你住在哪里?Where do you live?6:为什么:whywhy问原因(第一种):because + 句子why问原因(第二种):because of + 名词或名词短语例句:昨天我迟到了是因为天气很坏。yesterday I was late for school because the weather was badwhy问目的(三种):to do sth = in order to

19、do sth = so as to do sth7:疑问词,如何,怎么样:howhow问交通方式:by bus/on foothow问方式:by (not) doing sthhow问方式副词:quickly/quietlyhow问天气:how is the weather?how问身体:how are you?8:疑问词,多久做某事:how often一星期两次:twice a week一天两次:twice a day每个月:every month9:疑问词,多长时间:how longhow long问的时间:段时间for在时间上的用法:for + 段时间since在时间上的用法(第一种):

20、since + 点时间since在时间上的用法(第二种):since + 句子(过去事件)短语:自从去年:since last year短语:自从2年前:since two years ago短语:自从2000年前:since 2000短语:自从我搬进来这里时:since I moved here短语:自从我十岁时:since I was 10 years oldtake和spend的用法(两种):sb spend + 一段时间 + to do sth = it takes sb + 一段时间 + to do sth10:疑问词,多久以后:how soon例句:我将会在七天后回来。I will

21、 come back in 7 days例句:你将会什么时候回来:How soon will you come back?11:疑问词,多远:how far例句:我的家在二十千米的上海。it is 20km form my home to shanghai/it is 10 minates walk form my home to school/bus ride/drive12:how many后加:可数名词复数例句:这里有多少学生:how many students are there?13:疑问词,多少价钱:how muchhow much问(第一种):问不可数名词的量how much问(

22、第二种):问多少钱例句:你每天喝多少水:how much water do you drink every day?例句:A:这个电脑多少钱?B:5000元。A:how much is this computer?B:5000 yuanU1P41:冠词的分类(三种):不定冠词 定冠词 零冠词2:a用于:辅音开头的可数名词单数前an用于:元音开头的可数名词单数前3:初次提及用:不定冠词再次提及用:定冠词例句:我爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。这自行车花了我400元。My father bought me a bicycle.The bicycle cost me 400 yuanthe用在(第2种):后

23、置定语修饰限定的人物/物the用在(第3种):形容词最高级前the用在(第4种):序数词前the用在(第5种):方位前the用在(第6种):乐器前the用在(第7种):唯一的物前the用在(第8种):特殊国家和城市缩写前短语:英国,美国:the UK the USA例句:地球围绕太阳转:the earth goes around the sun短语:在中间:in the middle of短语:在左/右边:on the left/right of短语:在东/南/西/北边:in the east/west/north/south of4:一本有用的书:a useful book一个乐于助人的朋友

24、:a helpful friend一件校服:a uniform一个科学家:a scientist一所大学:a university一个欧洲城市:a European country一个好想法:a good idea5:一个男演员/女演员/会计/建筑师/宇航员:an actor/actress/accountant/astronaunt一个工程师:an engineer一间办公室:an office一小时:an hour一个SPCA官员:an SPCA officer一把伞:an umbrella一个想法:an idea一本有趣的书:an interesting book一个充满乐趣的日子:an

25、 enjoyable day一个老朋友:an old friend一个诚实的男孩:an honest boy一件昂贵的裙子:an expensive dress/6:元音音标:略/7:辅音音标:略8:零冠词用在(第一种):play + 球类零冠词用在(第二种):have + 三餐零冠词用在(第三种):城市/国家等专有名词零冠词用在(第四种):固定短语零冠词固定短语(第一种)在读大学/学校:at university/school零冠词固定短语(第二种)做公交车/步行:by bus/on foot零冠词固定短语(第三种)在晚上:at night零冠词固定短语(第四种)去学校/学院/教堂/睡觉:g

26、o to school/college/church/bedU1P51:经营,管理(v):manage经理(n):manager例句:王先生管理这个公司:mr wang manages a company例句:他是这个公司的经历:he is the manager of the company2:卖(v):sell卖(n):sale促销:on sale负责销售:be responsible for sales3:忙的(adj):busy公司:business出差:on business忙于某事:be busy with sth忙于做某事:be busy doing sth例句:tom忙于他的学

27、习:Tom is busy with his study例句:tom忙于集邮:tom is busy collecting stamps商人及复数:businessman businessmen女商人及复数:businesswoman businesswomen4:责任(n):reponsibility负责的(adj):responsible责任感:sense of responsibility负责某事(三种):be responsible for sth = be in charge sth = take charge of sth幸运的(adj):lucky不幸运的(adj):unluck

28、y祝好运:Good luck真倒霉:Bad luck表示幸运的事:luckily + 句子表示不幸的事:unluckily + 句子例句:kitty很幸运的通过了这次考试。kitty was lucky to pass the exam例句:tom很不幸运的考试不及格。tom was unluckily.He failed the exam例句:很幸运地,kitty通过了这个考试。luckily,kitty passed the exam例句:很不幸地,tom没有通过这个考试。unluckily,tom failed the exam6:成功(v):secceed成功(n):success成功

29、的(adj):successful成功地(adv):successfully成功做某事(三种):succeed in doing sth = be successful in doing sth = manage to do sth例句:失败是成功之母:Failure is the mother of success达到好的成功:achieve great success一次成功的世博会:a successful expo成功地举办世博会:hold the expo successfully7:帮助(v):assist助手(n):assistant一个助手:an assistant一个售货员:

30、an shop assistant8:乏味的,令人厌倦的(adj):boring厌烦,无聊(adj):bored例句:参加一个很漫长的会议是很无聊的。it is boring to have a long meeting例句:我在这个漫长的会议期间感到很无聊。i feel bored during the long meeting9:表演(v):perform表演者(n):performer表演(n):performance10:讨论(v):discuss讨论(n):discussion11:失败,不及格(v):fail失败(n):failure短语:做某事失败。fail to do sth短

31、语:考试不及格:fail an/the exam短语:通过考试。pass an/the exam例句:我通过考试失败了。i failed to pass the exam12:通常(adj):usual通常(adv):usually13:热的(adj):hot加热(v):heat14:解释(v):explain解释(n):explanation短语:把某事耐心的解释给某人听。explain sth to sb patiently/carefullyU1P61:一般现在时使用情况(两种):经常性习惯性行为 客观真理,自然规律例句:地球围绕太阳转。the earth goes around the

32、 sun2:一般现在时频率词:always/usually/often/sometimes/seldom/never一般现在时副词短语:everyday/week/month/spring/year/once/twice/threetimes a week/a month如今,现在:nowadays现在,目前:at present现在(一般现在或现在进行时):now3:一般现在时主语为第三人称单数时:动词用第三人称单数形式,其它人称用人称4:单三形式第一种:+s单三形式第二种:以o,s,x,sh,ch结尾+es单三形式第三种:辅音字母+y结尾,y改i加es单三形式第四种:元音字母加y结尾直接加

33、s单三形式第五种:特殊形式:have-has(变复数)go-goes(变复数)discuss-discusses(变复数)relax-relaxes(变复数)wash-washes(变复数)watch-watches(变复数)play-plays(变复数)stay-stays5:be动词:am/is/are/he/she/we/you/they/含be动词的肯否疑的变化6:tom是一个顶尖的学生:Tom is a top studenttom是一个顶尖的学生吗?Is Tom a top studentTom不是一个顶尖的学生:Tom isnt a top student/使役动词的句子的肯否疑

34、7:peter走路上学:Peter goes to school on footPeter走路上学吗?Does Peter go to school on foot?Peter不走路上学:Peter doesnt go to school on foot/原形找do,单三找does,按照动词的形式去找助动词(放句首),同理do + not = dont,does + not = doesnt8:(变单三形式)have:has玩得开心(三种):have fun = have a good time = enjoy oneself(have形式)做运动:have sports(have形式)去散步

35、:have a walk吃早餐/午餐/晚餐:have breakfast/lunch/dinner上钢琴课:have piano lessons开一次会:have a meeting去一次野餐:have a picnic参加一次宴会:have a party谈一次话:have a talkU1P71:one of的用法(第一种)one of + 可数n复数one of用法(第二种)one of + the + adj最高级 + 名词复数 + 范围例句:上海是中国最美丽的城市之一。Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in china2:穿上(

36、动作):put on/put on 代词放中间穿上(状态):wear例句:王先生穿上他的衬衣然后走出去了。Mr Wang put on his coat and went out例句:学生在学校必须穿校。Students must wear uniforms at school试穿:try on例句:我喜欢这条裤子。我能试穿它吗?I like the trousers. Can I try them on?take off的两种含义:脱下/飞机起飞3:超过(两种):over = more than/over,more than 后加确数短语:超过两百:over two hurdred4:驾驶(

37、一般时,过去式,过去分词):drive/drove/driven驾驶员:driver载某人去某地:drive sb to sp载某人去那儿:drive sb there短语:载某人去上学:drive sb to school5:打电话给某人(4种):call sb = ring sb = phone sb = make phone calls to sb6:在去某地的路上:on the way to sp在去学校的路上:on the way to school在去家里的路上:on the way home在某人去某地的路上:on ones way to sp7:参加俱乐部:attend a c

38、lub出席会议:attend a meeting去学校(两种):attend school = go to school去大学(两种):attend university8:与。不同:be different from与。相同:be the same as与。相似:be the similar to9:在某些人中受欢迎:be popular among sb受某人欢迎:be popular with sb10:继续做某事(两种):continue doing sth = go on doing sth11:收集贝壳/邮票:collect shells/stamps例句:我的兴趣是集邮:my h

39、obby is collecting shells例句:集邮是我的兴趣:collecting stamps is my hobby12:获得(v):achieve成就(n):achievement短语:取得巨大成功:achieve (great) success短语:得到A成绩:achieve A grades短语:得到高分:achieve high marks短语:得到满分:achieve full marks13:在.之前:before + n在.之后:after + n在上课/上学/工作/早餐之前/之后:before/after class/school/work/breakfast在做

40、某事之前:before doing在做某事之后:after doing例句:你必须在你吃饭之前洗手:you must wash your hands before eating例句:你可以在做完作业之后看电视:you can watch TV after finishing your homeword/before + 句子/after + 句子例句:不要忘记在你离开之前关掉灯。Dont forget to turn off the lights14:帮助某人做某事:help sb do sth帮助某事某事:help sb with sth短语:帮我学英语:help me with my En

41、glish短语:帮助妈妈做家务:help my mother with the housework某人自己自便享用某物:help oneself to sth例句:Kitty,你自己享用一些咖啡:Kitty,help yourself to some coffee例句:孩子们,你们自便享用一些鱼:Please help yourselves to some fish,children帮助别人:help others乐于助人:be ready to help others互相帮助(两种):help each other = help one another经不住某事:cant help doin

42、g例句:这个男孩在听见坏新闻后经不住哭了:The boy couldnt help cring after hearing the bad news短语:在某人的帮助下(两种):with ones help = with the help of sb例句:在kitty的帮助下,我完成了这个工作。with kittys help.I finished the work例句:我完成了这个工作,在kitty的帮助下。I finished the work with the help of kitty帮助(v):help有帮助的(adj):helpful短语:kitty很乐于助人:kitty is h

43、elpful短语:一个乐于助人的人:a helpful friend15:the + 什么 + of:n.的高度:the height of16:序数词用法(第一种):the + 序数词 + 名词单数序数词用法(第二种):ones + 序数词 + 名词单数短语:第一节课:the first lesson短语:第5节楼梯:the fifth floor短语:我第20个生日:my twenieth birthday短语:我第二次:my second time17:有用的(adj):useful无用的(adj):useless用某物做某事(两种):use sth to do sth = use fo

44、r doing sth例句:我们用木头做纸张(两种):we use wood to make paper = we use wood for making paper过去常常做某事:used to do sthused to do sth转换疑问句:Did.use to do例句:我爸爸过去经常吸很多烟,但是现在他戒烟了习惯于,适应于做某事:be used to doing sth例句:Tom以前习惯于坐车去学校,现在他习惯于走路去学校。Tom used to go to school by bus,but now he is used to walkng to school利用(v):use

45、再利用(v):reuse短语:再利用购物袋/:reuse shoppng bads/water利用某物:make use of sth好好/充分利用时间:make good/full use of time18:a friend of后加(第一种):名物代a friend of后加(第二种):s所有格19:犯错误:make mistake犯相同的错误:make the same mistake/20:与之前的重复21:小心,当心(五种,祈使句):take care = be careful = look out = watch out = mind小心台阶(mind):mind the steps照顾(三种):look after sb = take care of sb = care for sbcare for的两种意思:照顾/喜欢关注,在意:care about例句:kitty很关注她的体重:Kitty cares a lot about her weight语言:A:你喜欢哪一个,咖啡还是牛奶?Which would you like,coffee or milk?语言:B:任意都行,我不在意:E

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