新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳.doc

新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳 Unit 1 Whats the matter?重点短语:have a stomachache have a cold lie downtake ones temperature have a fever go to a doctorto ones surprise agree to (do sth.) get into troublebe used to take risks run out (of)cut off get out of be in control ofkeep on ( doing sth.） give up 语言知识归纳：1. Whats the matter (with you)? 此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有： Whats wrong with you?/ Whats the trouble? matter作动词用，意为“要紧”“有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。 What does it matter? It doesnt matter.【例题】Does it _ if we cant finish it today? A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters2. I have a sore throat. have “患病”，常用“have a /an+ 名词”. have a cold have a fever have a sore back have a stomachache have a cough【例题】( )-Does he often have _ cold? -Yes. He also _a cough and a sore throat. A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息 lie down 躺下单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺，平放laylainlying 4.Thats probably why. 那可能就是原因。 probably意为“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。5. hurt v. 使受伤；伤害；疼痛 He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔伤的时候伤了腿。 My feelings were hurt when he didnt ask me to the party.他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。6. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping.公交车司机，24岁的王平 24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24岁的”。 （名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语） 【例题】A_girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father. A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. Three years old 7. expect vt. 期待；预期；期盼 expect的常见用法:expect+名词/代词Theoldmanisexpectinghisdaughtersvisit.expect to do sth.Iexpecttogetabirthdaypresentfrommydad.expect sb. to do sth.DoyouexpecthimtoteachyouEnglish?expect +从句Iexpectthatyouwillgettheresoon.【辨析】expect与look forward to 两者都有期待的意思 look forward to doing sth. Im looking forward to seeing Tom.8. But to his surprise.但是令他吃惊的是 to ones surprise 表示“令人惊奇的是”，相当于“主语+be+surprised” To his surprise, he found the girl was bind. = He was surprised to find the girl was blind. 令他惊奇的是，他发现这个女孩是个盲人。 【拓展】in surprise表示“惊奇的”，相当于副词性短语，用来修饰动词。 The two girls looked at each other in surprise. 那两个女孩惊奇地互相看着。 be surprised at表示“对感到惊讶”。 We are very surprised at the news. 听到这个消息，我们很诧异。 surprising 表示“使人惊奇的”，作表语时，主语是事物。9. They dont want any trouble. 他们不想惹麻烦。 trouble用作名词，意为“烦恼，困难，麻烦，疾病等”。 His life is full of trouble. 他的生活充满了烦恼。 Whats the trouble? 怎么了？ trouble用作动词，意为“麻烦，打扰”。 Im sorry to trouble you. 抱歉打扰你。 【拓展】与trouble相关的短语in trouble处于困境中 get into trouble陷入困境Have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难【例题】-How is your English study? -Not bad. But I_learning English grammar. A. am interested B. am good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble10. 辨析 used to do sth. 与 be used to sth. / doing sth. 过去常常 习惯于某事/做某事We used to draw pictures badly.You will get used to the weather here.In the end, I got used to doing hard work.11. 辨析 run out 与run out of人+ run out of They have run out of the water.物+ run out (不可用于被动语态） The money is running out. 【例题】选出能代替句中画线部分的一项 ( ) Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now. A. ate up B. run out of C. ran of D. ran out of12. make decisions = make a decision 作出决定decision为decide的名词形式make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth.13. be in control of 管理；控制 A teacher should be in control of his class.重点语法：情态动词should的用法 （1）should后接动词原形，变否定句在should后加not, 变一般疑问句时将should提前。 （2）should常用于以下两种情况： 提出建议 You looked tired. You should lie down and rest. 表推测，意为“该，按理应当”。 Wait a minute. I think he should come in a minute. Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.重点短语:clean up by oneself cheer upput off give out put onused to give away take afterset up make a difference care forcome up with 语言知识归纳：1. give out 分发，发放【拓展】give构成的短语还有：give away 赠给，赠送 give in 屈服，投降give up 放弃 give off 发出（气味、光、热等）e up with 提出，想出 (1)表示“想出或提出”，相当于think of I think she can come up with a good idea (2)come up with还可表示 “赶上”,相当于catch up with. We should study hard to come up with them 【例题】( ) We must _a plan to improve your math. A. pick up B. catch up with C. come up with D. make up3. Iv run out of it. 我已经把它用完了。 run out of 表示 “用完，用光”，其主语一般是人。 【拓展】run out of 还可表示“从跑出来”。 Bill ran out of the room. Bill从房间里跑出来。 run构成的短语还有 run away 逃走 run after追赶 run into difficulties遇到困难 【例题】( ) When your money_, please come to me for some. A. runs out of B. runs out C. is running out of D. is run out4. I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈。 【辨析】take after 与look like take after意为“长得像，行为、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的长辈。 The boy takes after his father. 这个男孩长得像他爸爸。 look like 可以用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像。 The man looks like our teacher. 这个男的看起来像我们的老师。 The rainbow looks like a bridge. 彩虹看上去像一座桥。 【拓展】take 构成的短语 take up take off take place take ones time take care 【例题】( ) -Youve really beautiful blond hair. -Thank you. I _my mother. A. look after B. take after C. take from D. look for5. set up 创办，建立 set up 为副词短语，与start, establish同义 Theyve set up a company. 他们创办了一家公司。 与set 相关的短语还有： set out 动身，开始（做某事） set off 出发，引起，激发6. You helped to make it possible for me to have lucky. 对我来说，有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有Lucky. it是形式宾语 You made it possible for me to catch up with others. 你让我有可能赶上其他人。 【例题】( ) He found _hard to go to sleep with the light on. A. it B. that C. he D. him 7.Lucky makes a big difference to my life. Lucky对我的生活产生了很大的影响。 make a big difference 意为“对产生很大的影响”，difference在此为“影响”的意思。 【例题】( ) The heavy snow didnt _ the international airlines. A. pay attention to B. add to C. make a difference to D. keep to 8. imagine v. 想象，假想；以为，认为 imagine （v.想象） imagination（n.想象） imaginative (adj.富于想象力的）9.help. out 帮克服困难，帮分担工作 The teacher often helps his students out. 那位老师经常帮他的学生解决问题。10.be excited about. 对兴奋Im excited about the game of Li Na. 我对李娜的比赛感到兴奋。exciting 修饰物重点语法：动词短语 动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式： (1) 动词+介词 这类动词短语主要有：agree with, ask for, arrive at, hear of, look at, take after, listen to等。 这类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。 Im looking for my pen. Dont laugh at the poor man. (2)动词+副词 这类动词短语有：find out, give out, look up, put on, turn on/off, wake up, work out等。 这类动词后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副词前面或后面；宾语是代词时，代词只能放在 副词前面。 Please pick up the pen.= Please pick the pen up. It took him two hours to work it out. (3) 动词+名词+介词 这类动词短语有：have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to等。 在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后。 You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. (4) 动词+形容词+介词 这类动词短语有：be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be interested in, be good at等。【例题】(1) ( ) When you dont know a word, you can _in the dictionary. A. look it up B. set it up C. give it up D. pick it up (2) ( ) We will have dinner at the restaurant, which is famous _its sea food. A. of B. to C. for D.as Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?重点短语: take out the rubbish make the bed all the time borrow some money help with housework hang out with. a waste of time in order to as.as. take care of in surprise do the dishes as a result 语言知识归纳：1. work on 从事于；着手干 The writer is working on a new book. 那位作家正在写一本新书。 She is going to work on her physics project. 她打算从事她的物理项目。 【例题】( ) The scientists are_inventing some methods of producing electricity. A. working on B. working out C. working at D. working for2. at least 至少 at least 修饰时间、距离、长度等，以加强语气。 翻译短语位at most,意为“至多，最多”。 He kept me waiting at least an hour. There were fifty people there at most.3. all the time 一直；总是 Things are changing all the time.事情一直在变化。 【拓展】time相关的短语 on time准时 at the same time同时 in time及时 From time to time偶尔 the first time第一次 【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。 ( ) I always go shopping on Friday. A. all the time B. all the same C.all along D. all the way5. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累。 as.as意为“和一样”,表示同级比较。as.as中间要用形容词或副词原级。 This story is as interesting as that one. 这个故事和那个一样有趣。 否定式为not as/so.as,意为“不如”。 The garden is not so beautiful as you thought. 【例题】( ) He speaks French well, but of course not_a person born in France. A.as clear as B. clearer than C. as clearly as D. the more clearly6. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.一个星期，她不做家务，我也不做家务。 so,neither 倒装句型 So + 助动词/ be动词/ 情态动词+ 主语Neither + 助动词/ be动词/ 情态动词+ 主语这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况，后面某人（物）也是这样。助动词/ be动词/ 情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其单复形式由后句的主语决定。So依附于肯定句，neither依附于否定句。Bill watched TV last night. So did Ann.Lily isnt a teacher. Neither is Mary.【例题】( ) -I never drink coffee. -_. A.So do I B. So did I C. Neither did I D. Neither do I7. 辨析borrow与lend borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借（入）某物 lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 【注】borrow,lend都是非延续性动词，如果要表示“借多长时间”要用keep。 【例题】( ) Although you like the book, you may only _it for two weeks. A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. stay 8. spend v. 花费（金钱；时间） spend + 钱/时间 + on sth. 在上花费时间或金钱 spend + 时间 +( in) doing sth. 花时间做某事 【例题】( ) Yang Feng _ every Saturday afternoon volunteering in an old peoples home. A. costs B. takes C. pays D. spends 8. provide v. 提供；给予 provide sth. The restaurant provide the best service. provide sb. with sth. The parents provide the children with food and clothes.provide sth. for sb. The schools provide desks and chairs for the students.【例题】( ) To protect the environment, supermarkets dont _ free plastic bags to shoppers. A. take B. show C. provide D. carry 10. depend on 依靠；依赖；相信 depend on为固定短语，不能用进行时态，也不可用被动语态 As we know, good results depend on hard work. You cant depend on your parents forever.10. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子越早学会独立，对他们的 将来就越好。 the + 比较级.，the + 比较级. “越就越” The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have. 【例题】( ) -There was thick haze(雾霾) in our city this spring. What do you think of it？ -I think _cars we drive, _pollution our city will have. A. the fewer; the fewer B. the fewer; the less C. The more; the fewer D. the more; the less 11. in order to 的用法 (1) in order to意为“为了”，强调目的，后接动词原形。 In order to let the students hear him, he spoke loudly. We have to study hard in order to pass the exam. In order not to be late for school, she took a taxi.(2) 含in order to的句子可以转变为由so that或in order that 引导的状语从句。 She ran quickly in order to catch the bus. She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus. She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus.12. as a result的用法as a result用于引出结果，常用于两个句子之间，其中一个是另一个的结果，且前后用标点符号将两个句子隔开，意为“结果是”。He didnt listen carefully. As a result, he couldnt work out the maths problem.【注】as a result of 的意思是“由于，因为”， 相当于because of。 Peter was late as a result of the heavy rain.= Peter was late because of the heavy rain. 【例题】( ) The boy studied hard. _, he passed the exam. A. Ia fact B. On time C. After all D. As a result Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?重点短语: look through work out get on with cut out compare.with in ones opinion a big deal so that get into a fight communicate with not.until. call sb. up instead of 语言知识归纳：1. Why dont you talk to your parents? Why dont you do sth.= Why not do sth. “为什么不?”【拓展】提出建议的句型 What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？ Shall we do sth.? 我们做某事好吗？ Youd better(not) do sth. 你最好（不）做某事。 Why dont you do sth. 为什么不做某事呢？ Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗？2. allow v. 允许，许可 allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事“My parents allow me to play computer game on weekends. allow doing sth. “允许做某事”She doesnt allow smoking in her house. allow+名词We cant allow such a thing. 【例题】( ) Do you often allow_until 11:00 p.m. A. to stay up B. stay up C. staying up D. and stay up3. work out 产生效果，进展 Things worked out quite well for us. 对我们来说，事情进展很好。 He worked out the maths problem. 他算出了这道数学题。 Can you work out the problem alone? 你一个人能把问题搞清楚吗？4. communicate v. 交流信息；沟通 I cant communicate with them at the moment. 此刻我无法同他们进行交流。 communication n.交流 People cant get on well with each other without communication. 没有交流，人们就无法相处得好。 【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。 ( )People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail. A. write B. read C.agree D. communicate5. argue vi. 争论；争吵 argue with sb. 与某人争论 Dont argue with your parents. 不要和你的父母争论。 argue的名词形式是 “argument”, have an argument with sb. 与某人辩论。 Alice hand an argument with her best friend. 【例题】( )I never argue _my parents. A.in B.to C.for D.with6. instead adv. 代替，顶替 If you are busy, you may come another day instead.【辨析】instead 与instead of instead副词舍前取后，可单独使用，位于句首或句末。instead of介词短语舍后取前，后面常跟名词，代词及动词ing。He didnt answer. He asked his father instead.We eat rice instead of noodles.【例题】( ) What a nice day! We should go sightseeing _watching TV in the hotel.