资源描述
一、冠词:
(1)a/an 的区分:
注意以“U”开头的单词。如果发字母u本身的音/ju:/,前面加a:a useful book, a university, a usual chair;如果发以外的音,前面加an:an unusual chair, an unimportant meeting, an unforgetable experience
(2) 球类运动和三餐饭前不加the
play football , play table tennis乐器前加the
play the violin,play the piano
(3)a—一个,the—那个
二、介词:
(1) 介词+doing 介词+ 代词宾格形式 Neither of us is late.
The book is for you. The knife is used for cutting things.
Tom is sitting between him and me.(禁用“I”)
关联记忆:介意 Mind + doing
Would you mind my smoking here?
(2) on in at 的用法:
表时间:on(天优先,只要涉及天的概念就用on); in(时段); at (时刻)
on the morning of April 1st. on a rainy night 在一个雨天的夜晚
at the same time
(3) 表伴随:
with / without ,或doing She is a girl with long hair.
She is a girl wearing a new dress.
(4)表方式: by bike,on foot 没有冠词“a”或名词复数
What time is it by your watch? The boss pays us by week.
He beat her with a book.(with后要带a或复数)
speak in English Write in ink
(5)介词(不加the)+名词
at table 在桌旁,且在吃饭(两层意思)at the table 在桌旁,具体干什么不清楚
at school in the school
三、时态:
时态一致:从句与主句时态一致
He said he had been there for an hour.
He said the sun is bigger than the moon.(自然规律自然现象用一般现在时态)
He said the moon is running around the earth.(错误,应改为一般现在时态)
时态一致之时态变异(必考):
A——瞬间动词的-ing形式表将来
The plane is taking off in an hour. The old man is dying.(将要死了)
B——条件状语从句:一般现在时表将来
I don't know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will call you.
I will ring you as soon as I finish my work.
I won’t go out until my homework is done.
四、感叹句:
考生须掌握how和what引导的感叹句的基本句型,并且熟悉一些常用形容词和副词的拼写。
要点归纳:
1、 what + a / an +adj. +单数名词(+ 主语+ 谓语)!
2、 What +adj. +复数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!
3、 What+adj. +不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
常考的几个不可数名词:food,news,weather,fun,music,work,information,advice,suggestion。
注意:what引导的感叹句,主语+谓语可以省略。
4、 How + adj. +a / an + 单数名词(+主语+谓语)!
5、 How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
6、 How + 句子!
五、连词:
(1) 连词现象:
Although ,though 与but通常不连用because 与 so 不连用 if (如果)与then 不连用
(2) 就近一致连词
neither...nor , either...or ,not only...but also not...but...
(3) 连接句子与to do 形式
because +句子(有完整主谓结构)because of +介词宾语(名词等)
in order to do (in order not to do ) in order that +句子
so as to so as that +句子 so...that +句子
too...to do enough to do so good a book that +句子
such a good book that+句子 so good that+句子
(4) 重要联词的应用
unless(=if not)除非 or 否则(威胁,劝告) as if / as though (仿佛)
even if / even though (即使) not...until (直到...才)
六、宾语从句:
考查形式:单项、完成句子
考察难度:考察全面,考查必须掌握引导词、时态和语序这三个要素。
要点归纳:
1、 陈述语序
2、 时态:主句为一般现在时,______________________________
时态:主句为一般过去时,______________________________
3、 that, whether, if, what, who, which, whose, when, where ect.
4、 宾语从句的简化:但主句的主语和从句的主语为同一人时, 从句可以简化为疑问词+不定式。
七、动词:
考查形式:时态、情态动词、动词短语、分词做形容词、非谓语动词
考查难度“动词是词法的核心,考查范围较大,难度较大
一、 时态要点归纳
考点一:主将从现(在状语从句已经提到)
考点二:现在完成时4大用法:结果,延续,经历,移位
时间标志:for + 时间段、since+ 时间点/一般过去时的句子、already、yet、every、never、“How long…?”、含有“time”表示次数的句子中
要点归纳:
区分: have been to + 地点 __________________________
have gone to + 地点 _________________________
have been in + 地点+ for + 时间段 __________________________
瞬间动词与延续性动词间的转换:
die – be dead buy—have borrow—keep leave/go—be away(from)
make friends—be friends begin/start—be on
arrive/get to/reach/come—be in/be at/stay
join (the Party)—be a (Party) member /be in (the Party)
核心句型:It is + 时间+since+一般过去时的句子
考点三:过去进行时(在时间状语从句中考查)
考点四:一般现在时(客观真理)、一般过去时(在宾语从句中考查)
二、 情态动词归纳
情态动词有:must, have to, had better, can, could, be able to, may, might, need, will, would, shall, should + 动词原形
考点一:must can 表示推测的运用
考点二:mustn’t的运用,意思是_______________________________________________
考点三:情态动词一般疑问句的回答
Must ……? Yes, S + must. No, S +needn’t
Need…….? Yes, S + may No, S + musn’t
八、非谓语动词归纳:
和介词一样非常灵活,在句法中,不作谓语,所有句子成分都可充当。
只考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语
To + do ( 否定式———not + to + do)
1、 只能接to +do的动词有:decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish +to do
2、 有些动词加 to do 做宾语补足语,常见的有:
Ask, tell, want, teach + sb. +to do +sth.
3、 加 to + do 的重点句型有:
(1) It takes sb. Some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间、金钱
(2) It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样
(3) Would you like to….?
4、后接省略to的动词不定式的动词有
一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(have, make, let)五看(watch, ,see, look at, notice, observe),半个帮助(help可以带to,也可以省略)
改为被动语态时,to要还原
例如:This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week.
1、 省略to的情况有
(1) 情态动词后
(2) Why not/why don’t you
(3) Would rather…than…
Doing (否定式———not doing)
1、 加doing作非谓语动词常考的有:enjoy,mind,suggest,miss,admit,deny,imagine,practice+doing sth.
2、 加doing的情况有:
(1) 介词后+doing 例如:give up doing sth., be interested in doing sth.等
(2) Feel lilke + doing (喜欢做某事)/prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(更喜欢…..)
(3) To作介词时的几个常用短语:look forward to/be used to/pay attention to + doing
3、 既可加to do 也可加doing,并意思相近的动词有:begin, start, like, love, hate
4、 既可加to do 也可加doing,但意思不同的动词有:
Forget to do 忘记去做某事(事情还没有做)
Forget doing 忘记做过某事(事情已经做了,但是忘了)
Remember to do 记得去做某事(事情还没有做)
Remember doing 记得做过某事(事情已经做了)
Regret to do (对将要做的事)遗憾
Regret doing (对已经做过的事)遗憾
Stop to do 停下来去做某事(去另外一件事情)
Stop doing 停止做某事(停止正在做的事情)
归纳记忆:stop…from + doing = prevent… from doing
Try to do 尽力做某事 (区分:manage to do 设法做某事)
Try doing 尝试去做某事
Keep/go on to do 继续去做某事(停止原来做的事情而继续另一件事情)
Keep/go on doing 继续做同一件事情
Mean to do = plan to do 打算/计划去做某事
Mean doing 意味着做某事
重点区分下列搭配:
See / watch sb. do sth. 看到、看着某人做某事(已做了)
See / watch sb. doing sth. 看到、看着某人正在做某事(在做)
Hear / notice sb. do sth. 听到/注意到某人做某事(已做了)
Hear / notice sb. doing sth. 听到/注意到某人正在做某事(在做)
关注:have sth. done/ get sth. done need doing / want doing
九、情景交际:
纵观近几年中考,情景交际题都位于单选最后一题,所占分值一分。
﹣We can invite Nick and Nora to Shanghai Disneyland with us.
﹣ ?I’ll give them a call right now.(2014苏州中考 )
A.Why not B.What for C.Why D.What
—Shall we go fishing at six o'clock tomorrow morning?(2015苏州中考)
—______.Will seven o’clock be OK?
A.Sure, it’s up to you B. Sure, no problem
C.Sorry, I can’t make it D. Sorry, I’m not available
—I’d like to choose yellow as the colour of our bedroom .(2016苏州中考)
— . The colour brings me a warm and comfortable feeling .
A. No way B. Sounds great C. In your dreams D. I can’t decide
十、形容词 副词
1. A+ as +adj / adv的原级+ as +B 表示 “A和B一样”
A +not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B 表示 “A不如B…”
2. “甲+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”(可以修饰比较级的词.
much,a lot,far,…的多a little,a bit,…一点儿even甚至,still仍然)
3. the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词
4. one of +the +形容词的最高级+复数名词
5.“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”
十一、名词辨析
instruction introduction invitation invention direction …
feeling sense
view scene
十二、动词词组
turn on turn off turn up turn down turn out
put on put off put up put in put out put away put through
break down break out break into
cut in cut out cut down
get up put up turn up stay up make up set up tidy up pick up look up take up wake up eat up come up with grow up give up
break out put out find out come out carry out hand out work out turn out try out for run out look out
break down come down calm down write down cut down turn down
十三你、代词
1. 人称代词(belong to)
2. 物主代词
3. 反身代词(help oneself to sth,make oneself at home, enjoy oneself…)
4. 指示代词(that、those)
5. 不定代词
one、it
a few, few , a little, little
none, nothing, on one
both /neither /either /all / none / any
other /the other /others /the others/another
some
any
no
every
thing
something
anything
nothing
everything
one
someone
anyone
no one
everyone
body
somebody
anybody
nobody
everybody
十四、特殊疑问词
How long
How soon
How far
How often
How many/much
十五、反义疑问句
1. 前肯后否,前否后肯
2. 注意回答
3. 否定词:never , few , little , hardly ,no ,seldom ,nobody ,nothing,too…to …(反义词不是否定词如dislike,unhappy…)
4. 祈使句的反意疑问句为 will you ? Let’s 的反意疑问句为 shall we ?
十六、被动语态
1.一般现在时的被动语态:am /is/ are +动词的过去分词
2.一般过去时的被动语态:was /were +动词的过去分词
3.一般将来时的被动语态:will be +动词的过去分词
4.现在完成时的被动语态:have /has +been +动词的过去分词
5.情态动词的被动语态:情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词
6. 有些词组没有被动语态:sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well
7. 系动词是没有被动语态: look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste ….
8.need表示需要时,后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义,相当于to be done .
9. 动词:make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch ,改为被动语态时加to。
十七、数词
1. 逢十词尾加-ty :twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
2. 表年龄: in one’s + 整十的复数 表示在某人几十岁时
3. 若hundred / thousand /million /billion 前有基数词时,其后不加s,也不加of .若没有时 ,既加s 也要带of .
4. 几个半的表达法: two and a half hours = two hours and a half
5. 分数词的表达法:
a).分子用基数词,分母用序数词.
b).当分子大于1时,分母加复数.
c)分数词作主语时, 谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定.
十八、主谓一致
1. 由并列结构或连词(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
2. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with, besides,except, but, including等短语时 ,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
3. 词组“a number of”作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;“the number of”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
4. 英语的集体名词(family, public, group, team, class等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。
5. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。
6.“the +姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、….夫妇”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
7.“the +形容词(old /young /rich /poor )”表示“一类人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。
十九、状语从句
1.时间状语从句
1).由when 、 while、as(当……时候)引导的时间状语从句。
2).由after/ before (在….之后/ 前)引导的时间状语从句。
3).由as soon as (一…..就……)引导的时间状语从句。
4).由not….until(直到…..才…..)引导的时间状语从句。
2.原因状语从句
由because 、since 、as(因为、既然、由于)引导的原因状语从句。
3.目的状语从句
由so that (以便、为的是)引导目的状语从句。
4.条件状语从句
由if或unless 引导条件状语从句。
5.让步状语从句
由though 、even though/ if 、although引导让步状语从句。
6.结果状语从句
由so…that…、such….that…(如此…..以致于…)引导结果状语从句。
..
中考重点词组
(all) over again 再;重新
a bit 有一点
a couple of 一对;几个,几件
a few 一些,少量
a great deal (of) 大量,许多
a little 一点,少许
a lot of(=lots of) 许多,大量
a number of 一些
a pair of 一对,一双,一副
a piece of 一块(片,张,件…)
above all 首要的是
according to 根据
action film 动作片
African American (非洲裔)美国黑人
after all 毕竟
after class 下课后
after school 放学后
agree with sb 同意某人(的看法)
all day long 整天地
all kinds of 各种各样的
all one's life 一生
all over 到处,遍及
all over the world 遍及全世界
all right 行了,好吧
all the best 一切顺利,万事如意
all the time 一直,总是
all year round 一年到头
and so on ...等等
animal sign 生肖
any time (=anytime)在任何时候
arrive at/in 到达
art form 艺术形式
as a result 因此
as good as 和……几乎一样,简直是
as soon as 一……就
as usual 照例;像往常一样
as well (as) 也,还有
as...as 像...一样
as..as possible 尽可能
ask for 请求,要
at a /the speed of 以……的速度
at a time 每次,依次
at birth 出生时,诞生时
at first 起初,首先
at last 最后,终于
at least 至少
at most 最多
at night 在夜里
at present 现在,目前
at the age of 在...岁时
at the end of 在…末尾
at the foot of 在...脚下
at the same time 同时
at/on weekend (=at/on the weekend) 在周末
be afraid of 害怕
be born 出生,出世
be crazy about 对…着迷
be full of 满是
be good at 擅长于
be interested in 对...感兴趣
be known/famous for 因……而著名
be late for 迟到
be made of 由...制成
be made up of 由…组成
be of sb's age 与……同龄的
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
be strict with sb 对某人要求严格
be tired out 筋疲力尽
be worth doing 值得做某事
be\get used to 习惯于,适应于
because of 因为,由于
believe it or not 信不信由你
borrow... from 向...借...
both…and… ...和...都;不仅...而且…
break down (车辆或机器)出故障,坏掉
break into 强行闯入
break out 爆发
bus stop 公共汽车站
by hand 手工
by oneself 独立地,独自
by the way 顺便问一下,顺便说说
by train/bus/ship/bike 乘火车/公交车/轮船/自行车
call sb back 回电话
can't wait 迫不及待
car park 停车场
care about 关心,关怀
carry on 继续开展,继续下去
carry out 开展;执行
catch fire 着火
catch one's attention 吸引某人的注意
change one's mind 改变主意
chat show 访谈节目
cheer up 使振作起来
come down 崩塌,坍塌
come from 来自
come on 来吧,赶快
come true 变为现实,成为事实
come up with 想出(主意)
compare to/ with 与……相比
computer game 电脑游戏
connect to/with 与……相连,连接
country music 乡村音乐
cut down 砍倒
cut in(on sb/sth) 打断(谈话),插嘴
cut out 剪出
cut…short 缩短
deal with 处理,对付
depend on/upon 依靠;取决于
die of /from 死于
different from 与...不同
dining room 餐厅
divide…into 把……分成……
dividing line 分界线;界限
do some shopping 买东西
do the dishes 洗碗
do well in ...做得好
do/try one's best 尽某人最大努力
don't mention it 不客气
dream of/about 梦想,想象
dress up 装扮,乔装打扮
dried food 干粮
drive sb mad 使人受不了
each other 互相,彼此
eat up 吃光,吃完
either…or… 不是……就是……,或者……或者……
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
excuse me 劳驾
fall behind 落后
fall in love with sb 爱上某人
fall over 摔倒
far away from 远离
fill…with… 用…填充
find one's way out 找到出路
find out 发现
first of all 首先
fit for 适合于
football field 足球场
for example 例如
from then on 从那时起
from time to time 不时,有时,偶尔
from...to... 从...到...
game show 游戏表演,竞赛节目
get along/ on with 与……和睦相处
get away 逃脱;离开
get lost 迷路
get off 下车
get on 上车
get ready for sth 为…准备好
get together 聚会,联欢
get up 起床
giant panda 大熊猫
give a helping hand 伸出援助之手
give up 放弃
go for sth 去从事(某项活动或运动),去参加
go into hiding 躲藏起来
go out 出去
go over 复习;回顾
go swimming 去游泳
go through 通过
go to bed 去睡觉
go to hospital 去看病
go to school 去上学
go wrong 弄错;犯错;(机器)出故障
ground floor <英>底层,一楼
=<美>first floor
grow up 成长,长大成人
guard against sth 防范,提防(某事)
had better(='d better) 最好
hand in 上交,递交
hand out 分发;提出
happen to 碰巧
have a gift for 对……有天赋
have a good time 过得愉快,玩得高兴
have breakfast/lunch/dinner 吃早饭/中饭/晚饭
have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事费劲
have fun 玩得高兴
have lesson 上课
have nothing to do with 与……无关
have to 不得不,必须
have/take pity on 同情,怜悯
hear from 收到……的来信
hear of 听说,知道
help sb whith sth 帮助某人解决某种困难
home page 主页
hurry up 快点,赶快
in a hurry 急忙,赶快
in all 总共,总计
in all directions 四面八方
in class 在课堂上
in danger 处境危险
in fact 实际上,事实上
in fear of one's life 为生命安全担忧
in front of 在...前面
in general 总的来说,大体上
in hospital 住院
in one's way 挡住某人的路
in order to 以便,为的是
in place 在正确位置
in public 公开地,在别人面前
in some way 在某种程度上
in the beginning 一开始
in the form of 以……的形式
in the middle of 在……中间
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
in your dreams 你做梦,你妄想
instead of 而不是,代替
just a minute 稍等片刻
keep a secret 保守秘密
keep fit 保持健康
keep in touch 保持联系
keep it secret 保密
keep sb from sth 保护,使免受
keep(on)doing sth 继续,重复做某事
keep… in order 使……保持井然有序
key ring 钥匙扣
knock on the door 敲门
kung fu 功夫
laugh at 嘲笑
lead to 导致
less and less 越来越少
less than 少于,小于
let me see 让我想想
let off(=set off) 使(炸弹等)爆炸
lion dance 狮子舞
live on 以食…为生
living room 起居室,客厅
local colour 地方特色
look after 照顾
look at 看一看
look for 寻找
look out 留神,当心
look through 浏览,快速查看
lose heart 泄气,灰心
lose one's way 迷路
main unit (电脑)主机
make a difference(to sb/sth) (对···)有影响,起作用
make a fire 生火
make up 编;编造
make up one’s mind 决定
mistake…for… 把……误认为……
mkae a mistake 犯错误
mobile phone 手机
moon cake 月饼
more than 多于,不仅仅
music video=MV 音乐视频
my pleasure 不客气,很乐意效劳
neither…nor… 既不……也不……
next door 在隔壁
next to 紧邻,在...近旁
no longer 不再
no problem 没问题
no way <口>不可能
not beileve one's eyes 不相信自己的眼睛,非常惊讶
not only…but (also)不仅…而且;…和…都
not...any more 再也不,不再
not…at all 一点也不
of course 当然
of one’s own 属于某人自己的
office worker 办公室职员,上班族
on board 在飞机(船、火车)上
on business 出差
on foot 走路,步行
on one's mind 挂在心上;惦念
on one's/the way 在...路上
on the phone 通电话
on time 准时
open space 开阔的空地
open up 开启;开创;开辟
out of control 失去控制,无法管理
palce of interest 景点
pass away (委婉语)去世
pay attention to 注意
pay for 为...付款
pencil case 笔盒,笔袋
pick up 举起,拿起
play the role of 扮演……的角色
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