高考英语语法专题复习：介词.pdf

介 词定义：定义：介词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类作它的宾语。1介词短语在句中充当什么成分？介词短语在句中充当什么成分？指出介词短语在句中充当的成分指出介词短语在句中充当的成分 1.He is a writer of promise.他是一个有前途的作家。2.The book is out of print.此书已绝版。3.The umbrella was eventually found behind the door.雨伞最终在门后面找到。4.Keeping everything in good order takes energy.把一切弄得井然有序很花精力。5.Thoughts are expressed by means of words.思想通过语言来表达。6.To my delight,he has recovered.使我高兴的是，他已经康复。结论：介词短语/词组在句中作定语，表语，状语，(主/宾)补语，或独立成分。学。科。2常见表示时间的介词有哪些？常见表示时间的介词有哪些？在句中空格上填上适当的介词，并总结其用法规律在句中空格上填上适当的介词，并总结其用法规律1.What will happen _ the 22nd century?2.The story of The Long March took place_ the 1930s.3.A terrible disturbance broke out _ 1989.4.Generally,fishing is forbidden _ Spring.5.Mothers Day falls _the second Sunday of May.6._ those old days,farmers led a miserable life.7.I received a card posted from the UK _Christmas.8.Reading English aloud _ the morning helps improve our English study.9.The theft happened_ noon,when all the workers were sleeping.10.Did you witness the traffic accident _ a rainy morning?11.Traffic jams are quite usual _ Friday afternoon.12.The City Library opened _eight_ the morning_ this week.Z+xx+k 13.Days _ Monday_ Friday are called weekdays14.It is said that the railway will be put into use _ three months.15.WW began in 1939 and _ 6 years it came to an end.16.You may go to have breakfast _6 oclock _ 8 oclock.17.She is always talking _lunch time.18.Your plane leaves at 10 and you should get your package ready _8 oclock.19.I didnt go to sleep _ deep into the night.20.China has experienced great changes _ liberation.结论：可以连接时间的介词十分繁多。可以连接时间的介词十分繁多。1在某个世纪，某个年代用介词，具体某一年用介词，在某个季节，在某些日子里(复数)以及 在笼统的上午，下午，晚上都用用介词 in2.在具体某一天，在某一天的上午，下午或晚上以及在某一天的上午，下午或晚上前有形容词修饰时，要用介词 on3.在圣诞节用介词 at，但注意：on Christmas Day。4.在一天的某个特定部分(dawn，sunrise，daybreak，noon，sunset，night)用 at，此时名词前无修饰词。在某时刻用介词 at，时间名词前有 this，that，next，last 修饰时，则不用介词。5.表示时间起止用 fromto6.以现在为起点，过多久以后用介词 in，以过去为起点，过多久以后用介词 after。7.在之间用介词 betweenand；在期间用介词 during。8.到什么时候为止用介词 by9.直到什么时间用 until10.从过去时间点到现在用介词 since 学&科&3表示地点，方向表示地点，方向/方位的介词有哪些？方位的介词有哪些？根据汉语提示，填写正确的介词根据汉语提示，填写正确的介词1._在某地点(表示比较小的地方)2._在某地(表示比较大的地方)3._ the farm 在农场 4._ 在上面(有接触面)5._在上方 6._在正上方 7._在正下方，在以下 8._在下方(不一定是正下方)9._在的旁边(比 near 的距离要近)10._在两者之间 11._在两者以上之间 12._环绕，在的周围，在的四周 13._在对面 14._在后边 15._在之内(表示静态)16._进入 17._ 从出来 18._ 沿着 学,科,网 Z,X,X,K19._ 横过(平面物体)20._ 贯通，通过 21._ 去/朝 22._ 从地点起23._ 在的前面 24._ 在的前部 25._ 在中部 26._ 在中心27._ 在腹地 28._ 在的脚下 29._ 在的底端 30._ 在的后部31._ 在的顶部 32._ 超出(范围)，在较远的一边33._ 越过 34._ 靠近结论：表示地点、方向/方位的介词，数量繁多(如上所述)，学习时要注意其用法区别。4表示原因的介词有哪些？表示原因的介词有哪些？在句中空格上填上适当的介词，并总结其用法规律在句中空格上填上适当的介词，并总结其用法规律1.The soldier was severely punished _having disobeyed the order.这个士兵因违背命令受到了严厉处罚。2.The old man died_ hunger on a cold night.那位老人饿死在一个寒冷的晚上。3.The little girls hands turned red_ cold.小女孩的手冻红了。4.A number of smokers died _ lung cancer.许多吸烟者死于肺癌。5.The pupil didnt go to school _ _ his illness.这个学生因病未去上学。6.He did it totally _ _ kindness,not for the money.他做那件事完全是出于好意，而不是为了金钱结论：表示原因的介词主要有：表示原因的介词主要有：1.for，用于常见结构：thank sb.for(doing)sth.praise sb.for(doing)sth.reward sb.for(doing)sth.scold sb.for(doing)sth.punish sb.for(doing)sth.criticize sb.for(doing)sth.apologize to sb.for(doing)sth.charge sb.some money for(doing)sth2.of/from,用于常见结构：die of；die from；be tired of；be tired from;suffer from 3.with,常用于结构：be pleased with；be bored with；be satisfied with；be angry with;with anger;with cold 4.because of，同义表达有：on account of;as a result of;due to;owing to;thanks to5.out of，接抽象名词，有“出于”之意。5表示方式的介词有哪些？表示方式的介词有哪些？翻译下列句子，指出画线介词或介词短语的用法翻译下列句子，指出画线介词或介词短语的用法1.Most of the time,we communicate each other by email.2.Please fill in the form in pen.3.Man creates lots of things with his hands4.You shall give me a reply in the form of letter5.People from different cultures can even understand each other by means of gestures.6.Its quite strange that the worker trapped underground should have survived on a piece of bread.7.Only through practice can we gain useful knowledge.8.In order not to be seen by the teacher,she went out of the classroom on tiptoe.结论：表示方式的介词有 by，in，with，on,in the form of,by means of，through 等。6含介词含介词to的短语有哪些？的短语有哪些？用括号中的词的适当形式完成句子用括号中的词的适当形式完成句子1.When come to _(repair)electric devices,my friend is an expert.2.We have come to_(realize)the importance of selfprotection.3.Wood can be used to _(make)fire.4.Having lived in Hunan Province for ten years，Ive been used to_(eat)hot food.结论：遇到含有 to 的短语，要弄清楚 to 是不定式符号还是介词。如果 to 是介词，宜用动名词作宾语，如 to 为不定式符号，其后用原形。常见含介词 to 的短语为：be/get/become used to(习惯于)be related to(和有联系)be addicted to(沉溺于；对上瘾)be opposed to(反对)devote oneself to/be devoted to(献身于)be admitted to(被录取，准进入)be reduced to(沦为)reduceto(使沦为)be attached to(附属于，爱慕，爱恋，敬仰)adjust oneself to(使适应)be adjusted to(适应)/adjust to 适应be adapted to(适应)/adapt oneself to 适应 be known to(为所知)be married to(和结婚)be sentenced to(被判处)be connected to(和连在一起)be exposed to(暴露于/遭受/接触)be compared to(被比喻成)compare to(把比成)be/become/get accustomed to(习惯于，有习惯)accustom oneself to(使习惯于)be engaged to(和订婚)get down to(着手做)lead to(导致)object to(反对)巩固性练习：1.（10 上海 25）Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A.between B.along C.below D.with2（10 天津 13）My father warned me going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.A.by B.on C.for D.against3.（10 四川 5）Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree.A.in B.below C.beside D.against4.（辽宁 31）I agree to his suggestion _the condition that he drops all charges.A.by B.in C.on D.to 5.（北京 29）Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden?They are everyones enjoyment.A.in B.at C.for D.to 6.（10 重庆 22）The dictionary is what I want,but I dont have enough money me.A.byB.forC.inD.with7.(08 全国24)Lets learn to use the problem we are facinga stepping stone to future success.A.toB.forC.asD.by8.(08 北京 33)If you really have to leave during the meeting，youd better leavethe back door.A.forB.byC.acrossD.out9.(08 天津 10)Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for studentsfinancial aid.A.in favour ofB.in honour ofC.in face ofD.in need of10.(08 安徽 23)Fred entered without knocking and，very out of breath，sanka chair.A.onB.offC.intoD.to11.(08 湖南 23)I thought wed be late for the concert，we ended up getting there ahead of time.A.butB.orC.soD.for12.(08 浙江 17)Everything was perfect for the picnicthe weather.A.in place ofB.as well asC.except forD.in case of 学#科#网Z#X#X#K13.(08 浙江 19)Why are you so anxious?It isnt your problem.A.on purposeB.in allC.on timeD.after all14.(08 福建 23)A great man shows his greatness the way he treats little men.A.underB.withC.onD.by15.(08 辽宁 33)I like Mr.Miners speech;it was clear andthe point.A.atB.onC.toD.of16.(08 江苏 28)Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?Because the old one has been damaged.A.beyond reachB.beyond repairC.beyond controlD.beyond description17.(07 上海 25)Leaves are found on all kinds of trees，but they differ greatlysizeand shape.A.onB.fromC.byD.in18.(07 江西 23)Scientists are convincedthe positive effect of laughter _physical and mental health.A.of;atB.by;inC.of;onD.on;at19.(07 浙江 19)The open-air celebration has been put offthe bad weather.A.in case ofB.in spite ofC.instead ofD.because of20.(07 全国23)The manager suggested an earlier datethe meeting.A.onB.forC.aboutD.with21.(07 全国16)Some people choose jobs for other reasonsmoney these days.A.forB.exceptC.besidesD.with22.(07 北京 21)This is a junior school.You should go to a senior school _girls of your age.A.forB.aboutC.fromD.to23.(07 天津 4)fire，all exits must be kept clear.A.In place of B.Instead ofC.In case ofD.In spite of24.(07 湖南 22)the silence of the pauses，we could hear each others breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats.A.InB.ForC.UnderD.Between25.(07 四川 25)Some students often listen to music classes to refresh themselves.A.betweenB.amongC.overD.during26.(07 福建 32)Althoughmy opinion，the old professor didnt come up with his own.A.againstB.onC.forD.in27.(07 山东 28)I have offered to paint the housea weeks accommodation.A.in exchange forB.with regard toC.by means ofD.in place of28.(06 北京 22)When do we need to pay the balance?September 30.A.InB.ByC.DuringD.Within29.(06 辽宁 28)People have always been curioushow living things on the earth exactly began.A.inB.atC.ofD.about30.(06 福建 23)Sorry，Madam.Youd better come tomorrow because itsthe visiting hours.A.duringB.atC.beyondD.before31.(06 江苏 24)This new model of car is so expensive that it isthe reach of those with average incomes.A.overB.withinC.beyondD.below32.(05 全国10)We hadnt planned to meet.We metchance.A.ofB.inC.forD.by33.(05 上海 25)John became a football coach in Sealion Middle Schoolthe beginning of March.A.onB.forC.withD.at附件附件 1：律师事务所反盗版维权声明：律师事务所反盗版维权声明附件附件 2：独家资源交换签约学校名录（放大查看）：独家资源交换签约学校名录（放大查看）学校名录参见：/wxt/list.aspx?ClassID=3060