马克思主义类英文词汇(同济大学复试).doc

马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、三个代表重要思想　　Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent's" important Thought.
　　 新民主主义革命　new-democratic revolution　民族独立和人民解放　national independence and the liberation of the people　
　　经济体制改革和政治体制改革　reforms in the economic and political structure.
　　社会主义制度　socialist system　社会变革　social transformation.
　　建设有中国特色的社会主义事业　the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
　　中华民族的伟大复兴　the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. （rejuvenate 使充满活力，使复原，使再生）
　　党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领　the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism.
　　改革开放政策　the policies of reform and opening to the outside.
　　中国共产党十一届三中全会　The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
　　马克思主义政党　Marxist political Party.
　　党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体　the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation.
　　人民民主专政　the people's democratic dictatorship
　　国民经济体系　national economic system.
　　综合国力　aggregate （ adj. 共计的）national strength.
　　国内生产总值　the annual gross domestic product(GDP).
　　独立自主的和平外交政策　an independent foreign policy of peace.
　　马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合　the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China.
　　加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力　strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying （集合，召集）power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality.
　　“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
　　"Three Represent's" shows that our Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China, they are the foundation for building the Party, the cornerstone for its exercise of state power and a source of its strength，only by doing so can we really ensure that our Party always stand in the forefront of the time and maintain its advanced nature
　　党的理论、路线、纲领、方针、政策　Party's theory, line, program, principles and policies,
　　工人阶级的先锋队　the vanguard of the working class.
　　生产力、生产关系、经济基础、上层建筑　productive force, relation of production, economic base, superstructure constitute.
　科学技术是第一生产力　science and technology are the primary productive force.
　社会主义物质文明和精神文明　material and spiritual civilizations of socialism.
　　有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的公民　citizens with lofty（崇高的，高尚的） ideals, moral integrity, better education and good sense of discipline.
　　自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识、民主法制意识和开拓创新意识　self-reliance, competition, efficiency, democracy, the legal system, and the pioneering and innovative spirit.
　　依法治国和以德治国　the rule of law and the rule of virtue.
科教兴国战略　the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education.
倡导爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想，反对和抵制拜金主义、享乐主义、极端个人主义等腐朽思想　advocate patriotism, collectivism and socialism, combat and resist money worship, hedonism, ultra-egoism decadent ideas.
　　先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐　be concerned about the country and the people before anything else.
　　全心全意为人民服务、立党为公、执政为民　serve the people heart and soul, work for the public and assumes power for the people.
　　解放思想、实事求是　emancipating the mind, seeking truth from the facts.
　　主观主义、形而上学　subjectivism, metaphysics.
　　民主集中制、党内民主　democratic centralism, inner-Party democracy.
　　集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定　collective leadership, democratic centralism, case-specific consultation, decision through meeting.
　　政治路线确定之后，干部就是决定因素　cardres are a decisive factor, once a political line is decided.
　　党管干部的原则　the principle of the Party assuming the responsibility for cardres' affairs.
　　公开、平等、竞争、择优　open, fair, competition, basis of merits.
　　公开选拔、竞争上岗　the supervision of appointment and promotion of officials, and the method for official performance assessment.
　　自重、自省、自警、自励　self-discipline, self-examination, self-caution and self-motivation.
　　以权谋私、贪赃枉法、腐败分子　to abuse power for personal gains, take bribes or bend the law, corrupt elements.
　　小康社会、小康生活　well-to-do society, well-to-do life.
　　四项基本原则　Four Cardinal Principles.
　　社会主义初级阶段　the primary stage of socialism.
　　“政治合格、军事过硬、作风优良、纪律严明、保障有力” 　　qualified politically and competent militarily and that have a fine style of work, strict discipline and adequate logistic support.
　　台独　taiwan's "independence"
　　和平与发展　peace and development
　　冷战　cold war
　　世界多极化、经济全球化　world multi-polarization and economic globalization
　　联合国宪章　UN Charter
　　独立自主、完全平等、相互尊重、互不干涉内部事务　independence, completely equality, mutual respect and non-interference in each other's internal affairs Cooperation.
　　世贸中心　World Trade Center
　　恐怖主义　terrorism
　　开放攻坚，改革跟进，稳定保障，加快发展　open and storm fortification, reform and follow-up, stable and secure, speed up development.
　　工作策略　the working tactics
以企业为中心的工业化核心战略　the strategy at the core of industrialization around enterprises(take the enterprises as the center).

Sinicization of Marxism and Modernization of Confucianism

Abstract: Sinicization of Marxism is bound to experience how to collide and correspond with the "live" Chinese cultural tradition which is in the course of from ancient times to now ,the development of rheology and dynamic changes .the"transformation"problems of Marxism occur on the 9.6 million square kilometers of Chinese cultura soil.The former is the leading philosophy and ideology of contemporary Chinese society namely the Chinese people's ultimate concern ,the highest belief,the latter is the insurmountable causes and roots which have national character, mother nature and foundation characte of national culture in society culture construction, or says Culture blood, and cultural genes.Thus,Sinicization of Marxism included the modernization of Confucianism which must have a modern ideology of Marxism and Human Thought guidance. The similarities between Marxism and Confucianism compatibility main features:faith-level correspondence , practice and value levels mixture and modern personality dimensions of the integration. Sinicization of Marxism contains modern Confucianism, modern Confucianism itself is specific goal of Sinicization of Marxism. Under spirit of the age's looking, Both depend on ,seep mutually and carry on the similarities and differences comparison and the synthesis innovation, it may decide the mainland China future energetic trend.

Key words: Sinicization of Marxism;modernization of Confucianism; similarities and differences comparison
马克思主义政治经济学 Marxist political economics 
马克思主义政治经济学的方法 methods of Marxist political economics
古典经济学 classical economics
空想社会主义 utopian socialism
劳动过程 labour process
生产力  productivity
生产关系    relations of production
生产方式  mode of production
劳动对象  objects of labour
劳动资料 means of labour
体力劳动 manual labour 
脑力劳动 mental labour 
经济基础  economic base
上层建筑    super structure
生产    production
交换  exchange 
分配    distribution
消费  consumption
经济规律 economic law
基本经济规律 basic economic law
唯物辩证法  materialist dialectics
科学抽象法    scientific abstraction
归纳和演绎法 induction and deduction 
经济制度    economic system   
简单协作 simple cooperation
工场手工业 manufacture
产业革命 Industrial Revolution    
机器大工业 modern mechanical industry   
资本主义工业化 capitalist industrialization
资本主义所有制 capitalist ownership
资产阶级 bourgeois   
无产阶级 proletariat
经济机制     economic mechanism 
计划经济 planned economy   
市场经济 market economy 
自然经济    natural economy
商品经济 commodity economy   
原始社会 primitive society   
奴隶社会 slave society   
封建社会 feudal society   
资本主义社会 capitalist society   
社会主义社会    socialist society  
共产主义社会    communist society   
具体劳动 concrete labour 
抽象劳动 abstract labour    
价值量  amount of  value    
个别劳动时间 individual labour time 
社会必要劳动时间   socially necessary labour time  
劳动价值理论 labour theory of value 
供求规律 law of the supply and demand   
竞争规律 law of the competition   
价格机制 price mechanism   
价值规律 law of the value   
通货紧缩    deflation
通货膨胀 inflation    
纸币流通规律 law of the circulation of paper money   
纸币 paper money
货币流通规律 law of the circulation of money   
价值符号 symbols of value   
信用货币 credit money   
货币形式 money form   
一般等价物 universal equivalent   
相对价值形式 relative form of value   
一般价值形式 universal form of value   
等价形式 equivalent form of value   
总和的或扩大的价值形式 total or expanded form of value    
简单的或偶然的价值形式 elementary or accidental form of value   
价值形式 form of value
社会劳动 social labour
私人劳动 individual labour 
劳动生产率 labour productivity   
复杂劳动 complex labour
简单劳动 simple labour 
商品 commodities    
商品交换 exchange of commodities     
价值 value
交换价值 exchange value    
使用价值 use value
资本    capital
资本总公式 general formula for capital   
商品流通  circulation of commodities    
劳动力  labour power  
劳动力的使用价值 use value of the labour power   
劳动力价值     value of labour power   
雇佣劳动 hired labour 
雇佣劳动制度 hired labour system   
劳动过程 labour process   
价值形成过程      process of creating value 
价值增殖过程 process of producing surplus value   
工作日 working day
必要劳动 necessary labour 
剩余劳动 surplus labour   
剩余价值  surplus value   
不变资本 constant capital   
可变资本      variable capital   
剩余价值率     rate of surplus value   
计件工资 piece wages    
计时工资 time wages    
名义工资 nominal wages   
实际工资    real wages   
绝对剩余价值 absolute surplus value   
相对剩余价值 relative surplus value 
超额剩余价值    extra surplus value   
个别价值 individual value
社会价值 social value    
剥削    exploitation 
资本主义简单再生产 capitalist simple reproduction   
资本主义扩大再生产 capitalist reproduction on extended scale   
资本原始积累 primitive accumulation of capital
资本技术构成 technical composition of capital
资本价值构成 value composition of capital 
资本有机构成     organic composition of capital    
失业 unemployment   
相对过剩人口    relative surplus-population   
绝对过剩人口  absolute surplus population   
流动的过剩人口     floating surplus population   
潜在的过剩人口     latent surplus population    
停滞的过剩人口 stagnant surplus-population    
资本集中 centralization of capital   
资本积聚 concentration of capital    
资本主义积累的历史趋势 historical tendency of capitalist accumulation    
资本主义积累的一般规律 general law of capitalist accumulation    
成本价格    cost price   
利润    profit   
利润率    rate of profit   
平均利润      average profit    
平均利润率     average rate of profit    
产业利润 industrial profit   
商业资本 commercial capital   
商业利润 commercial profit   
借贷资本 loan capital   
利息 interest
职能资本家 functional capitalist   
银行资本 banking capital   
银行利润 profit of bank   
资本主义地租 capitalist rent   
级差地租     differential rent   
绝对地租     absolute rent   
超额利润  extra profit   
自由竞争资本主义    laisser-faire capitalism   
垄断资本主义    monopoly capitalism   
圈地运动  enclosure movement in England   
生产集中 centralization of production   
垄断 monopoly 
垄断资本    monopoly capital   
垄断价格 monopoly price   
垄断利润 monopoly profit   
垄断组织 monopolies   
帝国主义 imperialism   
短期价格协定     temporary price agreement   
辛迪加    syndicate   
卡特尔 cartel   
托拉斯 trust
康采恩    konzern(concern)   
国家垄断资本主义    state monopoly capitalism   
罗斯福新政 Rossevelt’s New Deal   
福利国家制度 welfare state system 
持股公司 holding company    
资本主义基本矛盾 basic contradiction of capitalism 
生产社会化 socialization of production　
资本循环    circuit of capital   
资本周转 turnover of capital   
产业资本 industrial capital   
产业资本家 industrial capitalist   
职能资本 functional capital
产业资本 industrial capital   
货币资本 money capital   
生产资本  productive capital   
商品资本  commodity capital   
流通过程 process of circulation 
资本周转速度 velocity of turnover of capital   
资本周转时间  time of turnover of capital   
流通时间 time of circulation 
固定资本  fixed capital   
流动资本 circulating capital   
固定资本磨损  wear and tear of fixed capital 
有形磨损(物质磨损) visible damage   
无形磨损(精神磨损)    moral depreciation    
折旧 depreciation   
预付资本 advanced capital   
年剩余价值率 annual rate of surplus value   
个别资本 individual capital   
社会资本    social capital    
社会资本的再生产 reproduction of the social capital   
社会总产品  aggregate social product   
生产资料  means of production   
消费资料  means of subsistence   
经济危机 economic crisis   
生产相对过剩    relative overproduction   
危机    crisis   
萧条 Depression   
停滞膨胀     stagflation   
生产无政府状态 anarchy of capitalist production   
资本主义再生产的周期性 cyclical fluctuation of capitalist reproduction   
固定资本更新     replacement of fixed capital    
金融资本    financial capital   
金融寡头  financial oligarch   
参与制 system of holdings    
需求管理 demand management   
财政政策 public finance policy   
税收政策    tax policy
财政支出    fiscal expenditure   
财政收入    fiscal revenues   
“时延”    time lag   
自动稳定器 built-in stabilizer   
财政赤字    fiscal deficit   
货币政策 monetary policy   
公开市场业务 open-market operations   
法定准备金率    legal reserve rate   
再贴现利率 rediscount-rate   
政府债券    government bond   
资本主义国有化 capitalist nationalization    
资本主义经济计划化     planning in capitalist economy
反垄断法    antitrust law 

马克思主义经济学著作在中国的传播    dissemination of Marxist economic works in China 
新民主主义经济    new_democratic economy   
新民主主义革命    new_democratic revolution   
新民主主义三大经济纲领    three general economic programmes for the Chinese new_democracy   
公营经济  public economy   
中国土地改革  land reform in China   
从资本主义向社会主义的过渡 transition from capitalism to socialism   
过渡时期多种经济成分  manifold economic sectors in the transition period   
没收官僚资本    confiscation of bureaucrat capital   
稳定物价  stabilizing commodity prices   
过渡时期总路线    general line for the transition period   
中国的社会主义改造  socialist transformation in china 
中国农业的社会主义改造  socialist transformation of agriculture in China   
农业合作化  agricultural cooperation movement of China   
农业生产互助组  agricultural producers’ mutual aid team   
农业生产合作社    agricultural producers’cooperative 
初级农业生产合作社  elementary agricultural producers’cooperative   
高级农业生产合作社    advanced agricultural producers’cooperative   
中国手工业的社会主义改造    socialist transformation of the handicraft in China   
中国资本主义工商业的社会主义改造    socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce in China 
赎买政策  policy of redemption   
中国过渡时期国家资本主义    national capitalism of the transition period in China   
公私合营  joint state-private ownership   
中国的社会主义初级阶段    primary stage of socialism in China   
社会主义社会的经济制度    economic system of socialist society   
社会主义生产方式    socialist mode of production   
计划经济  planned economy   
社会主义基本经济规律    basic economic law of socialism 
按劳分配规律    law of distribution according to work   
社会主义社会的生产资料所有制    owership of the means of production of socialist society   
社会主义国家所有制    socialist state ownership   
社会主义国营经济    socialist state operated economy   
集体所有制    collective ownership   
社会主义合作经济  cooperative economy in socialist society   
城镇集体所有制经济  collective economy in cities and towns   
个体经济  individual economy   
私营经济  private sector of the economy   
中外合营企业  Chinese-foreign joint ventures and co-operative enterprises   
外商独