牛津译林版7BUnit3语法及知识点.doc

牛津译林版7BUnit3语法及知识点Grammar 名词所有格的构成及用法名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受者等意义时常需用所有格形式。名词所有格也称为属格、主格，它主要包括s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种表现形式。定义：表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加 s来表示所有关系，叫做名词所有格。名词所有格的用法：一、名词+ s （主要用于有生命的事物）1、单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加s构成所有格 例如：Jimmys book（吉米的书）Janes schoolbag（简的书包） Childrens Day(儿童的节日、六一儿童节) Wuhans summer is very hot.(武汉的夏天非常热。) 2、复数名词以-s结尾的只需要加 构成所有格。例如：Twins father is Mr. Brown. (双胞胎的爸爸是布朗先生。)二、名词 +of +名词如果名词是无生命的，我们通常就要用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。 例如：A bag of mine= my bag (我的书包) The name of the girl =the girls name (女孩的名字)The window of the bedroom = the bedrooms window(卧室的窗户)三、特殊所有格若一样东西为两人共有，则后一个人名用所有格；如果不是两人共有，而是各有各的，则两个名词都用所有格，且其后名词应为复数。例如：This is Tom and Jims room. 这是汤姆和吉姆共有的房间。These are Toms and Jims rooms. 这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。 步行一个半小时的路程：四s所有格所修饰的词的省略现象 （1）表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词，其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如： I met her at the doctors（office）我在诊所遇见了她。 He has gone to the tailors（shop）他到服装店去了。 （2）名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，往往可以省略，以免重复。例如： Whose pen is this？Its Toms这是谁的钢笔？是汤姆的。 The bike is not mine，but Wang Pinpins这辆自行车不是我的，是王品品的。五 双重所有格及其用法s所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起，构成of所有格形式，即双重的所有格。它通常表示部分观念，即全体中的一部分，在意义上与one of相似，它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。此外，双重所有格与指示代词连用时，常带有感情色彩，如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下：1 名词of名词性物主代词。例如：a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友 an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历2 名词ofs所有格。例如：He is a friend of my sisters（one of my sisters friends）他是我姐姐的一个朋友Look at that long nose of Jacks看杰克的那个长鼻子。（感情色彩）试比较：a picture of Xiao Zhang a picture of Xiao Zhangs 3 不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词（some，any，many，no，few等）以及which等限定词，一般不与形容词性物主代词或s所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词，而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如：most of the students 学生中的大多数 three of them 他们中的三个人I have read some books of his我读过他的一些书Which book of Qiong Yaos have you read？你读过琼瑶的哪一本书？A. s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别请仔细比较下面三句话：1 She is Marys brothers friend2 She is a friend of Marys brother3 She is a friend of Marys brothers 人称代词和物主代词一、 人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。I am a teacher. You are student.He is a student, too. We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象，一般放在动词后面。Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us)二、物主代词 数 人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词而名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs则相单于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：Is this your book? No, it isnt， its hers(her book) ，Jims ， Toms， Marias 练习一、用适当的人称代词填空：1._ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit_. ( she )2. Chinaisadevelopingcountry._isintheeastofAsia. ( its )3. Iownabluebike.Theredoneisnt_. ( I )4.Thesenewhousesaresonice._areveryexpensive.( them )5.Thefishermencaughtalotoffish,didnt_? ( them )6.LingLingisagirl._studiesinaprimaryschool._brotherliveswith_andhelps_with_ lessons. ( she )7.Mikeismyclassmate._isgoodatEnglish. ( his )8.Katewantsaglassofmilk.Willyoupassitto_? ( she )9.Whatstheweatherliketoday?_iscloudy. ( its )二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空1.Iateall_sandwichesyesterday.( I )CanIhaveoneof_? ( you )2.Georgehaslost_ ( his )pen.AskMaryif（是否）shewilllendhim_. ( she )3.JackhasadogandsohaveI._( he ) dogand_ ( I )hadafight(打架).4.Theteacherwantsyoutoreturnthatbookof_( he )5.Mr.andMrs.Greenandafriendof_arecomingtoseeus. ( they )6.WearegoingtoParistostaywithaFrenchfriendof_. (we )三、用括号中的适当形式填空1.Arethese_（you）pencils?Yes,theyare_（our）.2.Whoseisthispencil?Its_（I）.3.Ilove_（they）verymuch.4.Sheis_（I）classmate.5.MissLioftenlooksafter_（she）brother.6.Arethese_（they）bags？ No,theyarent_（their）.Theyare_（we）1 Neils mother is calling him from the UK.Call 动词 叫，呼唤 例： 马上叫个医生来。 称为 例：他的朋友叫他鲍勃。 名词 打电话，通话 例：Tim,有你的电话2 Mr Wu is asking Amy which things belong to which people.belong to 意为“属于”，后接某人或人称代词宾格。如：This key ring belongs to me. 这个钥匙圈是我的。注意：belong to 后不能使用名词所有格或物主代词，且belong to不可用于进行时。如：这车属于她。3 Theyre all over the place. all over 遍及 遍及全中国 遍及全世界 瞧。大厅里到处都是瓶子。Integrated skills1 Here is the poster.以here开头的句子，如果主语是名词，则用倒装语序，连系动词是用is还是are取决于后面的名词是单数还是复数。例：有张卡片给你。注意：当主语是代词时，不用倒装语序。Here they come. 他们来了； here it is 它在这里； here you are 给你 2 Go to Huangji Palace to see works of art at 11 a.m.Works of art 艺术品Work 作品，著作 可数名词 工作、劳动 不可数名词（与job）4 Its about 40 minutes by bus.It is +所需时间+（from S to B ）by +交通工具/on foot 表示“（从A地到B地）距离”句型。也可表示成： It is +所需时间名词的所有格+walk/ride/drive (+from A to B) 例： 从苏州到南京开车大约两个小时。（两种方式）Study skills1 However, the words are not equally important. 然而，单词并不都同等重要。 However副词，不过，然而 有转折的含义 可位于句首、句中或句末，用逗号将句子分隔。 But连词，可位于句首、句中， 后面连接一个句子时无需逗号。例： 我的房间虽小，但是很舒服。2 I am talking about a bookshop , not another kind of shop.Another 另一个，再一个 后接可数名词单数，通常指用于三者或三者以上人或物中的另一个。区分 other, the other, others, the others, another other the other others the others another例如：Oh, the traffic is so heavy. Lets change _ route to the airport. A other B others C the other D anotherTask1 Im going to show you around my hometown.show sb around 带领某人参观show 及物动词 给.看 给某人看某物 名词 展览 展出 花展 例 Peter will _ you _ the building and you can meet everyone. A lead to B show around C compare with D brush off2 can smell the flowers and hear the birds. 我可以闻花香听鸟儿唱歌。（1）smell 动词，意为“闻；嗅”，后接名词作宾语。如：Smell it and tell me what it is. 你闻闻看，告诉我是什么。（2）smell 还可以用连系动词，后常接形容词作表语。如：Do these flowed smell sweet? 这花闻起来香吗？（3）hear sb do sth 意为“听见某人做某事”。如：I often hear her sing in the room. 我经常听见她在房间唱歌。（4）hear sb doing 意为“听见某人在做（一个正在进行的动作）”。如：I heard someone laughing in the room. 我听见隔壁房间里有人在笑。除hear外，see、watch、feel、notice 等动词也有同样的用法。 例： The air _ fresh after the rain. And the sky is blue. A feels B tastes C smells D sounds3 Sometimes we row a boat there.Sometimes 副词 有时 = at times区分 sometimes、 some times、 sometime、 some time sometimessome timessometimesome time 5 They are all friendly. friendly 形容词 友好的 对某人友好be friendly to sb. =be kind to sb be friendly with sb “和某人关系好”或“某人要好”，指的是两者的关系6 I hope you can come and visit soon!Hope及物动词 希望，用于表示可能实现的愿望，其后接动词不定式做宾语，即hope to do sth ,表示希望做某事。 若要表达“希望.”， 则需要用“hope that +从句” wish也是希望、祝愿的意思。 wish 做动词 祝愿某人某事 wish sb sth ； 希望（某人）做某事wish (sb) to do sth ； 表示难以实现的愿望 wish that + 从句 。 做名词 常用复数，表示祝愿。 向你致以美好的祝愿！ 根据句意及相关提示写出正确的单词1. Some farmers in my town r_ cows and make a lot of money.2. What do you think of the cake? -It s_ good.3. How fast he is d_ the car! Its so dangerous.4. On _(woman) Day, my mother often goes shopping with her friends.5. We must learn to read our books _(quiet) in the library.6. I often go to the shopping mall with my parents _ (two) a week.7. These _ (student) hometown is near the capital of _ (they) country.8. The girl in a white dress is a friend of _ (he).用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 1. Mr Li teaches _(I) English.2. Mr Li teaches _(I) sister English.3. _(they) are our teachers. Where are _(you)?4.Her shoes are next to _(I). _(she) are very nice.5._(Simon) father is good at English.6.-Where is Mike? -He is in our Maths_(teacher) office.7.My favourite festival is_(child) Day.8.Excuse me, but I cant find _(man) room.9.Can you tell me the way to_(people) Park?10.I will tell _as soon as _(he) comes back.11._loves _(she) notebook very much.12.We want to borrow_storybook from_(you).1.It takes about twenty minutes_(get) to the center of the town.2.Why not_(visit) our local theatre with us?3.Were happy_(invite) you to a farewell party for our friends.4.Does your brother enjoy_(eat) Chinese food?5.-_you_(try) to learn Beijing opera?-Yes, I am.6.What will you do when you_(be) free tomorrow?7.There _(be) a new bridge over the Changjiang River in several years.1. Listen, someone_(sing) Beijing opera in the park.2. -_they_(have) a Christmas party next week? -Yes, they are.3. Our school_(plan) a trip every term. This term we_(go) to Suzhou.4. Who would like to teach us_(ride) a horse in the summer camp.5. If Frank_(not come) tomorrow, we_(have) to ask someone else for help.6. Does your mother make you_(play) the piano for a long time every day?7. How lond does it take them_(drive) to the park?1. I dont know which Chinese restaurant _ (choose).2. March _ (come) before April. Everybody _ (know) that.3. Please dont drink or eat when _ (take) the underground.4. How many cinemas are there in the town? Its hard _ (say).5. How long does it take _ (fly) to Beijing from Wuxi?6. If Frank _ (not come) tomorrow, we _ (have) to ask someone else for help.1. I think its a wonderful place _(visit).2. Would you please _(not talk)with the old people loudly ?3. I have a lot homework _(do).4. Its so sunny, I think it_(not rain).5. I often hear the birds _(sing) in the tree. 7 / 7