新人教版八年级(初二)物理下册期末综合测试卷及答案(一).doc

Delegates, staff: Hello! in the run-up to the Spring Festival, we held one session of four staff representatives Conference 2013-workshop, full back in 2012, careful analysis of the current situation, discuss 2013 development plans. Here, on behalf of my company 2013 work reports to the General Assembly, for consideration. Pillar I, 2012 back in 2012, XX power companies adhere to the partys 17 great spirit for guidance, comprehensively implement the scientific concept of development, promoting cost-leadership strategy, standards, focus on implementation, lean management, continuously improve, smooth present safety situation of enterprise management, business management and control scientific and standardized, and the dedication of staff, manage a harmonious and democratic atmosphere of the good situation. Main indicators are as follows:-the battery indicator: power generation totaled 7.815 billion kWh, beyond the annual budget implementation capacity of 315 million kWh, an increase of 757 million kWh. Sales totaled 7.425 billion kWh, exceeding sales of 330 million kWh the annual Executive budget, an increase of 729 million kWh. -Security measures: unplanned outages 2.5 times. No personal injury accident occurred, no major accident and above, no major fire accidents without environmental pollution accidents, safety for three consecutive years to maintain stability to good posture. Business financial indicators: total profits of 255 million Yuan, beyond the annual budget of 207 million Yuan, beyond the Datang company index 41.89 million Yuan, an increase of 1.76 million Yuan, FCM assessment at grade four. -Energy: power supply standard coal completing 312.25 g/kWh, down 0.1 g/kWh; integrated auxiliary power consumption ratio in 5.12%, down 0.26%; pollutant emissions performance greatly reduced compared to last year, carbon 0.09 g/kWh, sulfur dioxide 0.104 g/kWh NOx 0.512 g/kWh; dust removal efficiency of more than 99.8%. -Reliability index: equivalent availability factor in 93.47%, increased 7.95% from a year earlier. Equivalent forced outage rate 0.08%, 0.16% reduction over the same period a year earlier. Major achievements: first, we should adhere to the two management system basis, strengthening technological research, strengthen hidden hazards control and intrinsic safety Enterprise construction took new steps. -The two management system for improvement. Focus on promoting the power of the company management system and the application and implementation of the safety loop five-star management system, improve the safety management system, realize the system of safety control. Further regulate security routines, safety supervision and management network role to play to achieve closed-loop. Strengthening the supervision and management of habitual violation of, strengthening the safety supervision of outsourcing contractors. Carried out in spring and autumn of security inspections, flood control and inspection, safety production month, day supervision of production safety and the Olympic Games and other初二物理下册期末检测试题（一）一、选择题（每题。5分，共50分） 1滑块被固定在光滑斜面底端的压缩弹簧弹出。滑块离开弹簧后沿斜面向上运动的过程中，不考虑空气阻力，图6关于滑块的受力示意图正确的是（ ）2小轩坐在船上，下列说法正确的是（ ）A、船前进时，小轩相对于船是运动的， B、停止划桨时船会立即停止C、用桨向后划水船会前行，说明物体间力的作用是相互的D、小轩对船的压力和船对小轩的支持力是一对平衡力AB3下列事例中，能避免惯性产生的危害的是（ ）A、离垃圾箱一段距离扔果核，果果核也能飞进垃圾箱B、让磁体离铁屑有一段距离，也能把铁屑吸引过来C、行驶的汽车离障碍物一段距离，就要提前刹车D、运动员跳远4如图所示，甲、乙两物体在A、B两水平桌面上做匀速直线运动，可以确定( )A甲的速度一定小于乙的速度 BF甲所做的功一定小于F乙所做的功C甲、乙的运动状态发生改变 D甲受到的摩擦力一定小于乙受到的摩擦力5你在使用水性笔解答中考试题时，水性笔中的墨水保持不变的物理量是（ ）A质量 B密度 C重力 D体积6如图1甲所示，一块长木板放在水平桌面上现用一水平力F，向右缓慢地推木板，使其一部分露出桌面如图1乙所示，在推木板的过程中木板对桌面的压力F、压强p和摩擦力f的变化情况是（ ）A.F、p不变，f变大 B.F、f不变，p变大C.F变小，p、f变大 D.F、f不变，p变小7某同学用嘴对一小空瓶吸一口气，空瓶就能“挂”在嘴唇上，原因是（）A酒精BC水 A.唾液把瓶粘住了 B.瓶内气压减小了 C.瓶外气压增大了 D.瓶子质量减小了8如图所示，体积相同的三个球A、B、C，则它们所受浮力最大的是AA球 BB球 CC球 DB球和C球9如图4所示，是一种指甲刀的结构示意图，下列说法正确的是 ( ) AABC是一个省力杠杆BD处刀刃较薄，可以增大压力C杠杆ABC上有粗糙的花纹，可以减小摩擦D指甲刀只有两个杠杆，一个省力杠杆，一个费力杠杆 10在日常生活中，用10N的拉力不能提起重15N的物体的简单机械是（ ）甲 乙A一个定滑轮 B一个动滑轮C杠杆 D斜面11滑雪运动员从山顶加速下滑的过程中，他的（ ）A、重力势能增加，动能增加 B、重力势能减少，动能减少C、重力势能增加，动能减少 D、重力势能减少，动能增加12.两名举重运动员，甲比乙高，如果他们举起相同质量的杠铃所用的时间相等，如图所示，则（ ）A.甲运动员做功较多，功率较小 B.甲运动员做功较多，功率较大C.甲运动员做功较多，他们的功率相等 D.甲、乙运动员做功相等，功率相等13.中考体育跳绳项目测试中，小明同学在lmin内跳了120次，则他跳绳时的功率大约是 A. 0. 5 W B. 5 W C. 50W D. 500 W14质量较大的鸽子与质量较小的燕子在空中飞行，如果它们的动能相等，那么（ ）A、燕子比鸽子飞得快 B、鸽子比燕子飞得快C、燕子与鸽子飞得一样 D、两者速度大小无法比较15图5是小明在体育考试中测试“引体向上”时的示意图。关于“引体向上”，下列说法中正确的是（ ）A身体悬挂不动时，势能为零 B身体上升时，重力做功，势能减少C身体下降时，重力做功，势能增加D身体上升时，克服重力做功，势能增加16、航天飞机关闭发动机后正在太空中飞行。如果科学家要在其中进行实验，下列哪些操作不能正常进行 ( )A、用温度计测温度；B、用弹簧秤测力；C、用天平测质量； D、用电子表测时间。17、一辆汽车分别以6米/秒和4米/秒的速度运动时，它的惯性大小：（ ）A.一样大；B.速度为4米/秒时大； C.速度为6米/秒时大； D.无法比较18、下列事实中，目的是为了增大压强的是 （ ）A在坦克的轮子上安装履带B书包背带做得宽大而厚实C用细线来分割皮蛋 D将铁路轨道铺设在枕木上19、下列事件中,属于利用大气压的是（ ）A用吸管把饮料吸入嘴里 B.打针时,把药液注入肌肉里C瘪进去的乒乓球放入热水中烫一烫又能恢复原状 D当壶中的水沸腾时，壶盖不断地跳动20、甲、乙、丙、丁是四个体积、形状相同而材料不同的球，把它们投入水中静止后的情况如图3所示，它们中所受浮力最小的是（ ） A. 甲 B. 乙 C. 丙 D. 丁 二填空题（每空1分，共18分）20鱼缸中装满水，在水中轻轻放入一只小船，小船漂浮在水面上，从鱼缸中溢出5104m3的水，则小船受到的浮力是_N，小船所受的重力与浮力的关系是_（g=1O N/kg）21云南盈江地震中，一块体积为0.1m3的石头从崖上滚落水中（完全浸没），则它受到的浮力大小约为N。（g=10 N/kg）22质量为120g、体积20cm3的物体挂在弹簧测力计上，再把物体浸没在某种液体中，弹簧测力计的示数是1N，物体受到的浮力为N，液体的密度为kg/m3。23用手将一重为5N的物体全部压入水中，物体排开的水重8N，此时物体受到的浮力为_N，放手后物体将_（选填“上浮”、“下沉”或“悬浮”），待物体静止时所受浮力为_N，排开水的体积是_m3。24.俄制米一26TS是世界上最大的重型直升机，它在四川地震灾区唐家山堰塞湖应急疏通工程完成后的撤离行动中，把重约14t的挖掘机在30s内匀速提升到距工地600m的空中，在这个过程中它对挖掘机所做的功是_ J,功率是_ W（g=1ON/kg）。25.如图14所示,轻质杠杆OA中点悬挂重为60N的物体,在A端施加一竖直向上的力F,杠杆在水平位置平衡,则力F的大小是_,保持F的方向不变,将杠杆从A位置匀速提升到B位置的过程中,力F将_(选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”).26如图所示为钓鱼竿钓鱼的示意图，O为支点，F1表示手对钓鱼竿的作用力，请完成下列问题： (1)在图中画出鱼线对钓鱼竿拉力F2的力臂l2；(2)钓鱼竿属于_杠杆(选填“省力”、“费力”或“等臂”) （27题）27.刘佳的妈妈从超市买回一袋胡萝卜，刘佳捡了一个最大的用细线系好挂在弹簧测力计上（如图11所示）。胡萝卜重为 N，如果在系线处将胡萝卜切成两段，则GA_GB(选填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)28. 2011年4月12日，人类首位宇航员一一加加林进入太空50周年庆祝大会在俄罗斯隆重举行。如果通过宇航员把物体从地面带到太空后，那么，物体的质量将 (选填不变、增加 或减小) ，物体 (选填有或没有)机械能。三、作图题（2分）29如图是盛有水的杯子静止在斜面上，画出小球静止时的受力示意图。四、实验探究题（6分）1.小华同学测滑轮组机械效率时所用的实验装置如图9所示，小华同学对同一滑轮组进行实验探究，得到了下表中的数据（1）将表中数据补充完整。a处填_;b处填_;c处填_。（2）实验中拉动弹簧测力计时，要注意让弹簧测力计沿着竖直方向做_运动。（3）分析比较表中的数据，你认为同一滑轮组机械效率发生变化的主要原因是_。(此空2分)（4）如果继续增大钩码的重量，不计摩擦及绳重，滑轮组的机械效率将 _ _ （ “变大”、“变小”或“不变”）。五、综合应用题（24） 31（2011常德）佳佳冷饮店在顾客购买果汁后会免费为其提供冰块。如图是一杯果汁饮料中放有冰块的示意图。已知该饮料的密度为0.98103kg/m3,冰块质量为20g，冰的密度为0.9103kg/m3，杯子内部底面积为50cm2，杯中饮料的深度为10cm。10cm求：（1）冰块所受的浮力；（2）杯底所受的压力。 26.如图10所示，放在水平桌面上的薄壁圆柱形容器重4N，底面积100cm2，用细线挂着重为10N的物块，物块的体积是400 cm3，现将物块浸没水中，容器内水面上升到20cm求：（1）如图10所示物块放入水中后，容器底受到的水的压强是多少Pa？（2）物块浸没后受到的浮力是多少N？（3）物块进入水中如图10所示时，容器对水平支撑面的压强是多少Pa？ 27.用如图11所示的滑轮组匀速提升质量为80kg的货物，所用的拉力F为500N，绳子自由端在50s内被匀速拉下4m，求：（1）提升前货物静止在地面上，与地面的接触面积为0.04m2，求货物对地面的压强 （2）拉力F的功率（3）此滑轮组的机械效率初二物理下册期末检测试题（一）参考答案 一、选择题 1 2. 3. 4.D 5. B6. B 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.D 18.D二、填空题 19. 重力;静止;惯性 20。5；平衡力 21。1000 220.2 1.0103 23。故答案为：8；上浮；5；5104 24。8.4107 2.8106 25。30 不变 26。27 2.4；大于 28。不变 有 三、作图题 29GF浮四、实验探究题30 (1)匀速直线 (2)运动的距离大小(或运动的远近)五、综合应用题31答案：（1）由题意可知冰块放入果汁饮料中会漂浮故冰块受到的浮力F浮=G冰=2010-3kg10N/kg=0.2N（2）由液体内部的压强公式可得杯子底部的压强为:p=gh=1.0103kg/m310N/kg1010-2m=0.98103Pa故杯底受到的压力F=pS=0.98103Pa5010-4m2=4.9N32。解析：当重物匀速上升时，拉力与重力是一对平衡力，大小相等。由速度和时间可以求出距离，然后根据功的计算公式求出功，再由功率计算公式求出功率。答案：（1） F=G=mg=2000kg10N/kg=2105N(2)s=vt=0.1m/s15s=1.5m W=Fs=2105N1.5m=3105J（3）P=W/t=3105J/15s=2104W 或者根据P=Fv=2105N0.1m/s=2104W33答案：(1)由V=S/t 得：S=vt=5ms3060s=9000m=9km(2)W=Fs=40N9000m=J(3)P=W/t=J/1800s=200W主要介绍的是永磁直流电动机；首先简述了永磁电机、永磁直流电动机从产生到到逐步改善的发展过程，以及以此为基础的未来发展的趋势；activities, comprehensive and tamping Safety Foundation . Troubleshooting, management mechanism, give full play to role of technical supervision and realization of troubleshooting, management, improved process management. This year completed the boiler lower header leakage, boiler pressure, a major risk management, completed 29 of great risks and 3 General problems of governance. Complete chemistry lab construction, thermal control, and complete the boiler scale integrated management, host shafting vibration of 10 scientific and technological projects, such as. Complete supercritical 630MW on-line simulation system development and application of circulating water MCC standby power transformation, the transformation of desulfurization waste water, the unit water supply system of comprehensive treatment and discharge valve modification of coal mill 5 key technological transformation projects, group health is improved. -Science and technology innovation is further increased. Strengthen the characteristics of supercritical unit major issues, gradually clearing the particularity of supercritical unit and regularity. Developed motor oil time management, switch action times, statistics, coal-aided measurement software, improves the production level of lean management. Increased investment in science and technology, reporting science and technology projects and 14 technical project total cost percentage of the total annual production output of 0.25%. Large-scale coal-fired power plant flue gas desulfurization, denitrification complete development and application of key technologies project, won the national science and technology progress second prize. 630MW supercritical units optimized control strategies and the 630MW development and application of on-line simulation system for supercritical units, supercritical 600MW units of turbine driven boiler feed pump set of comprehensive treatment of defects Datang technology respectively one or two and third. Meanwhile, information technology achievements, the company was named China power information technology benchmarking enterprises. -Repair and maintenance has improved further. Modify the inspection standards and standards on a regular basis, standardizing work procedures, checking and inspection project. Deepening the BFS+ system, and implements maintenance information shared. Reorganizing RB logic again, and ensure the success of the RB. Innovating the mechanism of maintenance management, implemented a project manager system. Successful completion of two autonomous maintenance, reliability improved steadily. Implementing two c-level maintenance, project themselves 48.7% and 42.3%, respectively. Accomplish two circulating pumps repair and overhaul of four Mills, maintenance teams to get exercise. Promote the work of energy saving and consumption reducing, complete the unit energy consumption diagnosis, plant water balance test, 10 energy-saving projects. Second, we should adhere to three on the economic benefits of improving, outreach5