2023年翻译六级改革.doc

1.中国是世界上最大发展中国家，人口约占世界总人口22%。在过去相称长时期里，由于诸多原因， 贫困一直困扰着中国。20世纪80年代中期，中国农村绝大多数地区凭借自身发展优势，经济得到迅速增长， 但少数地区由于经济、社会、历史、自然等方面制约，发展相对滞后。中国政府在致力于经济和社会全面发 展进程中，在全国范围内实行了以处理贫困人口温饱问题为关键目的有计划、有组织大规模扶贫开 发，极大地缓和了贫困现象。China is the largest developing country in the world and its population accounts for about 22 percent of the worlds total. For a long period of its history, China has been plagued by poverty for various reasons. In the mid-1980s, the economy of an overwhelming majority of the rural areas in China grew dramatically by virtue of their own advantages, but a small number of areas still lagged behind because of the constraints of their economic, social, historical, and natural conditions. The Chinese government, while working on all-round economic and social development, has nationwide implemented a large-scale program for development-oriented poverty relief in a planned and organized way. With the main objective of helping poverty-stricken people solve the food and clothing problems, this program has gone a long way toward alleviating poverty.难点精析1.发展中国家：英语中对应表达为developing country，该句构造简朴，直译即可。 ： ：2.人口约占世界总人口：此句紧接上文，和前面一种分句共享一种主语China，为了指代清晰并且防止反复，此处“人口”可译为its population。表达“(数量、比例上)占”有一种常见词组account for。 “世界总人 口”假如直译话是the worlds total population或the total population of the world，不过由于该分句主语中已经出现了一次population,故此处可将total活用作名词，意为“总数”。3.在过去相称长时期里：该分句假如直译话可译为for a long time in the past，不过根据语境，此处“相称长时期”指是“中国历史中一种很长时期”，又由于该分句所在句主语随即紧接着出现，因:而可以意译为for a long period of its history。 !4.由于诸多原因：此处较为简朴，可以有多种译法。“由于”可以用because of, due to, out of来表达，也可以用一种简洁单词for。“诸多”表达措施也有诸多，如many, various, a lot of, lots of等。因此该分句可简洁地译为for various reasons。 : ：5.贫困一直困扰着：表达“被贫困所困扰”较为常见译法是be plagued by，由于此处表达是过去已经发生并且其影响持续到目前一种状态，因此注意时态要采用目前完毕时。此处可译为has been lagued by poverty。6. 20世纪80年代中期发展相对滞后：该句较长，翻译时要注意平衡句子构造。“经济发展较快”中: ;“经济”指是“中国农村绝大多数地区经济”，在翻译时可以照此调整一下句子语序。“滞后”常见lag behind 来表达。7.中国政府在致力于缓和了贫困现象：该句内容较多，翻译时可以根据语义将该长句拆提成两个独立句子，即：“中国政府在致力于经济和社会全面发展进程中，在全国范围内实行了有计划、有组织大规模扶贫开发。扶贫开发以处理贫困人口溫饱问题为关键目的，极大地缓和了贫困现象。” “致力于”可以用短语work on来表达。“扶贫开发”实际上是一种项目，因此可灵活译为a program for development-oriented poverty relief。2.要理解中国文化，就应当对中国戏曲文化有所理解。中国地方戏种类诸多，其中京剧是一种具有代表 性剧种。作为一种独立剧种，京剧诞生大概是在1840年至I860年。京剧是在吸取其他地方戏营养基础 上形成。京剧有明确角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音乐上以胡琴为关键伴奏乐器。由于京剧是在融 合多种地方戏之精髓基础上形成，因此它不仅为北京观众所钟爱，也受到全国人民爱慕。To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture. In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one. As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and I860. Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas. In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles; the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect; and huqin, is the main accompaniment instrument. Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.难点精析1.要理解中国文化，就应当对中国戏曲文化有所理解：该句没有给出明确主语，因此在翻译时要注意：增译主语you。“中国戏曲文化”可译为the Chinese opera culture。2.中国地方戏种类诸多，其中京剧是一种具有代表性剧种：该句在翻译时可以采用非限定性定语从句构造。该句可译为：In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.注意此处为了防止在前后分句中反复使用名词opera而在后半句中使用了名词性替代词 one。3.京剧是在吸取其他地方戏营养基础上形成：“在基础上形成”假如直接译为be formed on the I basis of.会稍显生硬，因此可以灵活译为originate from.。“地方戏”可以直译为local opera。4.念白：“念白”指是中国戏曲中人物独白或两者对话，因此此处在翻译时可将其灵活译为the I spoken parts。5.胡琴：这一特有名词在英文中并没有直接对应词汇或表达，因此可以采用汉语拼音表达。6.它不仅为北京观众所钟爱，也受到全国人民爱慕：“不仅 也 ”常见not onlybut also来表达。此处句中“钟爱”和“爱慕”同义，在翻译后半部分内容时可以将和前半部分反复内容省略，故该部分内容可译为：it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country。3.中欧经济贸易合作获得了可喜成果。欧盟巳经成为中国关键经贸伙伴，是中国最大技术供应方、 第三大贸易伙伴和第五大实际投资方。 ，中欧贸易达到766亿美元，比上一年增长11%，尤其是中国从 欧盟进口增长了 15.8%。我很赞赏欧中贸协(Europe-China Business Association)和比中经贸理事会 (Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council)为发展中欧关系所做出努力。中欧经济贸易合作具有广 阔前景。中欧经济具有很强互补性，在贸易、投资、科技等领域具有很大合作潜力。China-EU economic and trade cooperation has yielded heartening fruits. The EU has now become an important economic and trade partner of China, working as the largest technology supplier, the third largest trading partner and the fifth largest actual investor in China. Bilateral trade reached 76.6 billion dollars in , achieving an 11% increase compared to the previous year. In particular, Chinas imports from the EU grew by 15.8%. I highly appreciate the efforts by the Europe-China Business Association and the Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council for developing China-EU ties. China-EU trade and economic cooperation is endowed with a promising future. The two economies are strongly complimentary to each other and hence enjoy huge potential for cooperation in trade, investment, science and technology areas.难点精析1.中欧经济贸易合作获得了可喜成果：EU=European Union，表达欧盟;“获得了”可译为has got，但稍显生硬，yield fruit意为“成果，获得成果”，用在此处更为合适;“可喜”可译为heartening，还可译为 promising。2.第三大贸易伙伴和第五大实际投资方：“最大”用thelargest来表达，“第几大”则可译为the+序数词+largest，因此此处“第三大”译为thethirdlargest; “第五大”译为the fi她largest。“贸易伙伴”译为tradingpartner; “实际投资方”译为actual investor。3. 766亿美元：应译为76.6 billion dollars。billion意为“10亿”，而不是“1 亿”。4.增长了15.8%:可译为grew by 15.8%,还可译为increased by 15.8%。increase反义词为decrease，两者用 法相似，后接详细比例时，要和介词by连用。5.发展中欧关系：“关系”还可译为relationship，但tie表达“关系”比relationship情感色彩更强烈部分， ; 意为“紧密关系”，此处原文中虽没有提及“紧密”，但很显然是要发展中欧紧密关系，故译成tie更贴合文意。6.具有很强互补性：可译为are strongly complimentary to each other, complimentary意为“互补”。7.具有很大合作潜力：“具有”此处译为enjoy显得生动，带有较强感情色彩。potential后应和介词for 搭配。4,北京有无数胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里生活给古所有北京带来了无穷魅力。北京胡同不仅仅 是平民百姓生活环境，并且还是一门建筑艺术。一般，胡同内有一种大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭差不多20 口人住。因此，胡同里生活充斥了友善和人情味。目前，伴随社会和经济飞速发展，诸多胡同被新高楼大 厦所替代。期望胡同可以保留下来。In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.难点精析1.带来了无穷魅力：翻译为bring endless charm to。2.汉语习惯于用并列散句或短语来表达一种语境，而英文习惯上用整句表述，句内不太关键信息会用介词短语或从句来补充阐明，如本段中“胡同内有一种大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭差不多20口人住”是 ： 两个并列关系汉语短句，翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词构造表达出来，起补充阐明作用。3.充斥友善和人情味：翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。4.伴随社会和经济飞速发展：翻译为with rapid social and economic development，也是with介词短语应 用，在句中作伴随状语。