牛津译林-模块七-语法.pptx

M7U2Grammar and usage(Auxiliary verbs)助动词助动词本节课的教学目标本节课的教学目标1.了解哪些动词是助动词；了解哪些动词是助动词；2.掌握助动词的用法；掌握助动词的用法；3.灵活运用助动词。灵活运用助动词。简单句的基本结构简单句的基本结构主主+谓谓(vi.)主主+系系+表表主主+谓谓(vt.)+宾宾主主+谓谓(vt.)+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主主+谓谓(vt.)+宾宾+宾补宾补He left.She is a doctor.He passed the exam.My sister gave me a book.You made her angry.一般简单句的基本结构简单句的基本结构主主+谓谓(vi.)主主+系系+表表主主+谓谓(vt.)+宾宾主主+谓谓(vt.)+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主主+谓谓(vt.)+宾宾+宾补宾补He left.She is a doctor.He passed the exam.My sister gave me a book.You made her angry.一般现在/过去时态的陈述语气1.He left.2.She is a doctor.3.He passed the exam.4.My sister gave me a book.5.You made her angry.He will leave.Is she a doctor?He did pass the exam.My sister didnt give me any books.You shouldnt make her angry.他将要离开了。她是医生吗？他真的通过考试了。我姐姐没有给我书。你不应该让她生气。助动词定义助动词定义He will leave.Is she a doctor?He did passed the exam.My sister didnt give me any books.You shouldnt make her angry.Auxiliary verbs are used in forming tenses(时态时态),moods(情感情感)and voices(语态语态、语语气气)of other verbs.将来将来时态疑问疑问语气强调强调语气否定否定语气情感助动词分类助动词分类1.I am speaking in favour of the Internet.2.A student will find abundant information on the Internet.3.We have known the truth.4.I shall be there at 8 oclock.amwillhaveshall时态助动词时态助动词有时态助动词有be(am,is,are;was,were),have(has,had),will(would),shall(should),无意义。无意义。WearehavinganEnglishclass.Ihaveseenthefilm.Hedidntgohomelastnight.WewillflyforAfricanextmonth.帮助主要动词帮助主要动词have构成现在构成现在进行时进行时帮助主要动词帮助主要动词see构成现在构成现在完成时完成时帮助主要动词帮助主要动词go构成一般构成一般过去时过去时帮助主要动词帮助主要动词fly构成一般构成一般将来时将来时Whatsthefunctionoftheunderlinedwords?1.Have you kept the point in your mind?2.Are you a good listener?3.I do like our English teacher.4.Does the film Happy Feet entertain you?语气助动词语气助动词有语气助动词有be(am,is,are;was,were),have(has,had),do(does,did)无意义无意义。DoesdoAreHave语态助动词1.A special clinic was opened in Beijing.2.Many soldiers were killed in the battle.3.Nobody is allowed to break the rules.waswereisbe(am,is,are,was,were)无意义无意义HewassenttoEngland.IwouldflytoSwedenifIwereabird.HadIlivedinLondon,IwouldhavebeentoLondonBridge.Whatsthefunctionoftheunderlinedwords?帮助主要动词帮助主要动词send构成被动构成被动语态语态帮助主要动词构成虚拟帮助主要动词构成虚拟语气语气帮助主要动词构成虚拟帮助主要动词构成虚拟语气语气1.There must be a rain tomorrow.2.No one may come to Lindas party because she hasnt sent invitations.3.You can do it if you devote yourself to it.4.The expert suggested that the youth should do more exercise to keep fit.mustmaycanshould情态助动词情态助动词也称情态动词，辅助动词来体现情态助动词也称情态动词，辅助动词来体现情感态度，有情感态度，有must,may,can,should等，与前等，与前几类助动词不同，几类助动词不同，每个情态助动词有自己的不同意义及用途，可自成一体，是高考语法，可自成一体，是高考语法的一大重点。的一大重点。Wehave/needtogohomenow.Studentsmuststudyhard.Whatsthefunctionoftheunderlinedmodals?表示表示必要性必要性表示表示职责职责Itcanbeveryhotinsummerinourhometown.表示表示可能性可能性1.ThepresidentistospeakonTVtonight.2.Iamgoingtoattendameetinginaweek.3.Whenitrained,hewasabouttogoout.4.Itsgettinglate.Ive(got)togonow.5.Manycountrieswouldratherbecautiouswiththisnewtechnology.6.Theyaresupposedtobeatschoolbefore8.istoamgoingtowasabouttove(got)towouldratheraresupposedto助动词分类助动词分类助动词词组1.have(got)to2.hadbetter3.wouldsooner/ratherthan4.beto5.belikelyto6.besupposedto7.usedto8.beaboutto9.beableto助动词词组有助动词词组有等。等。不得不最好宁愿将要，应该很有可能 理应该过去常常正要去能够1.I used to love cats,until I was attacked by a black cat last week.2.The application of this technology is likely to cause a revolution in this industry.3.I would sooner walk to the park than take the bus.Its not so far.4.You have(got)to be careful next time.5.You are not supposed to park your car here.6.Just as I was about to leave,he finally showed up.7.You had better have a rest.You look pale.助动词词组用法：助动词词组用法：(翻译下列句子翻译下列句子)助动词分类助动词分类时态助动词时态助动词语气助动词语气助动词语态助动词语态助动词情态助动词情态助动词时态助动词有时态助动词有be(am,is,are;was,were),have(has,had),will(would),shall(should)。语气助动词有语气助动词有be(am,is,are;was,were),have(has,had),do(does,did)。Be(am,is,are,was,were)情态助动词也称情态动词情态助动词也称情态动词,辅助动词来体辅助动词来体现情感态度现情感态度,有有must,may,can,should等等助动词词组有助动词词组有have(got)to,had better,would sooner/ratherthan,be to,be likely to,be supposed to,used to,be about to,be able to等。等。助动词词组助动词词组1.I will be speaking against the Internet.2.Too much information has not been evaluated.3.More measures should be taken to deal with the problem.4.There are two main points which must be included when we analyse the Internet.Tip 1:除情态助动词之外，其他助动词可除情态助动词之外，其他助动词可以有多个同时出现在谓语中。以有多个同时出现在谓语中。will be has not been should be must be 助动词用法要点助动词用法要点1.I _ about to leave this afternoon.2.The conference _ supposed to start at 8,but was delayed.3.Tom _(do)benefit a lot from reading at present.4._(have)everyone got an English dictionary now?5.Everything goes well,_it?amwasdoesHasTip 2:除情态助动词之外除情态助动词之外,其他助动词要注意其他助动词要注意在时态在时态,人称和数上要和主语保持一致。人称和数上要和主语保持一致。doesntTip 3:常用助动词常用助动词be,have和和do 的使用。的使用。be,have和和do都有以下用法都有以下用法:1)be/have/do+not，构成，构成_。a.I havent been to Hongkong so far.b.It isnt my fault.否定否定2)be/have/do+主语主语，构成，构成_。a.Have you got full understanding of the point?b.Is it a good idea to go hiking on weekends?疑问疑问或倒装或倒装c.我从未听说过这样的事情。我从未听说过这样的事情。Never did I hear of such a thing.d.Not only have the medicine saved many peoples lives,but also start revolution in medicine.助动词助动词be的用法：的用法：1)be+现在分词，构成现在分词，构成_。a.他们正在开会。他们正在开会。b.英语现在越来越重要。英语现在越来越重要。2)be+过去分词，构成过去分词，构成_。a.窗户是汤姆打碎的。窗户是汤姆打碎的。b.世界各地都教英语。世界各地都教英语。进行时态进行时态被动语态被动语态They are having a meeting.English is becoming more and more important now.The window is/was broken by Tom.English is taught around the world.3)be+动词不定式，构成动词不定式，构成_：表示最近、未来的计划或安排表示最近、未来的计划或安排。a.他下周要去纽约。他下周要去纽约。b.我们要教新生。我们要教新生。将来时态将来时态He is to go to New York next week.We are to teach the fresh people.助动词助动词have的用法的用法:1)have+过去分词，构成过去分词，构成_。如：。如：a.他已去了伦敦。他已去了伦敦。b.上月未为止上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。他们已经完成工作的一半。完成时态完成时态He has gone to London.By the end of last month,they had finished half of the work.2)have+been+现在分词，构成现在分词，构成_.我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。I have been studying English for ten years.完成进行时态完成进行时态3)have+been+过去分词，构成过去分词，构成_。中国教英语已经多年。中国教英语已经多年。English has been taught in China for many years.完成时被动态完成时被动态助动词助动词do的用法的用法:1)构成否定祈使句。构成否定祈使句。不要这么心不在焉。不要这么心不在焉。说明说明:构成否定祈使句只用构成否定祈使句只用do,不用不用did和和does。2)放在动词原形前放在动词原形前,表表_。a.一定来参加我的生日宴会。一定来参加我的生日宴会。Do come to my birthday party.b.我确实去那儿了。我确实去那儿了。强调强调Dont be so absent-minded.I did go there.3)用作代动词，例如：用作代动词，例如：DoyoulikeBeijing?Yes,Ido.(do用作代动词，代替用作代动词，代替likeBeijing.)他知道如何开车，对吧？他知道如何开车，对吧？He knows how to drive a car,doesnt he?Doyoulikecollegelife?DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?Idonotlikehim.Docallmetomorrow.Hedidknowthat.Whatsthefunctionof“do/did”?构成疑问句构成疑问句构成疑问句构成疑问句构成否定句构成否定句构成强调结构构成强调结构构成强调结构构成强调结构助动词还可用来构成否定或疑问句，助动词还可用来构成否定或疑问句，以及强调结构。以及强调结构。小试牛刀小试牛刀1.Listening to loud music at rock concerts _caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A.isB.areC.hasD.have2.This coastal area _ a national wildlifereserve last year.A.was named B.namedC.is named D.names3.-Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.-_?Thats his third one in just one month.A.Had heB.Did he C.Does he D.Has he4.-Lucy,can you tell me when Linda_ here?-Im not sure,but she_ to be here at 9 to 10.A.gets;supposes B.is getting;is supposingC.got;supposedD.will get;is supposed5.What is Tom up to?Hes seldom turned in his assignments these days,_?A.is he B.isnt heC.has he D.hasnt he6.The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.A.is made B.would make C.was to be made D.had madeAnswerstoPartA(p41)1.have 2.havent3.dont4.didnt5.was6.did7.did8.didnt9.wouldnthave 10.willAnswerstoPartB(p41)1.wasaboutto2.usedto3.wasntableto4.wassupposedto5.couldnothelpbut6.wouldratherHomeworkP41&118