牛津译林版中考英语语法专题七形容词和副词复习.pptx

中考语法专题七中考语法专题七 形容词和副词形容词和副词第二部分第二部分 语法复习语法复习 中考语法专题七中考语法专题七 形容词和副词形容词和副词 形容词用来修饰名词，表示名词的属性，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前，在句中可做定语、表语和宾语补足语。副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。副词分为：时间副词、地点副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词和频度副词等。副词主要用作状语，少数与介词同形的副词还可以做表语或补足语考点一、形容词考点一、形容词（一）形容词的用法1.做定语：放在被修饰的名词之前，但若被修饰的词是something，anything等不定代词是，形容词要后置（“不形”即不定代词+形容词）。例：a clever boy something special2.做表语：放在be动词或系动词之后。例：The flower is beautiful.常见的接形容词做表语的系动词有：一似乎（seem），二保持（keep，stay），三变化（become，get，turn），五感官（feel，sound，look，smell，taste）。例：He seems angry.考点一、形容词考点一、形容词This kind of cloth feels soft.The flower smells sweet.You must keep healthy.Her face turned red.3.做宾语补足语：放在宾语之后，常与make，leave，keep，find，feel，think等动词连用。例：You must keep your eyes closed when you do eye exercises.The sad movie made me sad.考点一、形容词考点一、形容词（二）形容词的重要用法1.“Its+adj.+of+sb.+to do sth.”表示“某人（做某事）怎么样”。用于此句型的形容词多是kind，nice，polite，clever等形容人主观情感、性格、品质、态度等的词。例：Its kind of him to help me.2“Its+adj.+for+sb.+to do sth.”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。用于此句型的形容词多是difficult，easy，dangerous，pleasant等描述事物客观情况的词。例：Its very important for us to learn English well.3.表示感情和情绪的形容词：glad，happy，sorry，sad，thankful，pleased等常接动词不定式。例：Im glad to see you here.Im sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.考点一、形容词考点一、形容词（三）以“-ing”和“-ed”构词结尾的adj.：-ing表示“令人.”，-ed表“感到.”例：You will be excited by our exciting hairstyles.amazing 令人惊讶的 amazed 感到惊讶的 exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的 sb.be excited about disappointing令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的 sb.be disappointed at surprising令人惊奇的 surprised 感到惊奇的 interesting 令人有趣的 interested感到有趣的 sb.be interested in I用of或 for填空：1.Its rude _ people to say something like that.2.It is necessary _ us to have a balanced diet and plenty of exercise to keep our hair healthy.3.It is useful _ the students to have a computer at home.4.It is kind _ the policeman to send me home.考点自测考点自测offorforof II用所给词的适当形式填空：1.The boy is _ to watch the _ boxing match.（excite）2.The students were _ at the _ news.（disappoint）3.We felt _ at the _ news.（surprise）4.Mary is _ in Chinese paintings.She thinks they are _.（interest）5.The homework has been _.Im _,so I go to bed.（tire）6.We spent a very _ evening last night.We really felt _.（bore）7.The man looked _ when he saw the _ tiger.（frighten）8.The _ film made us _.（amaze）考点自测考点自测excitedexcitingdisappointeddisappointingsurprisedsurprisinginterestedinteresting tiringtiredboringboredfrightenedfrightening amazingamazed 考点二、副词考点二、副词（一）副词的用法1.副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句（此时副词可放在句首或句末）。2.副词的位置：发在动词之前；但always，often，never等放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。例：As a student,we should study hard.Amy is often late for school.This often makes our teacher angry.（二）副词的分类1.按其语法作用可分为四类。（1）疑问副词，用来构成疑问句。例：where，when，why，how等。考点二、副词考点二、副词（2）连接副词，用来引导宾语从句等。例：when，where，why，how等。（3）关系副词，用来引导定语从句并在句中作状语。例：when，where，why等。（4）普通副词，除以上三类副词外的全部副词都属于此类。2.按其词义可分为四类。（1）时间副词，例：ago，before，recently等。（2）地点副词，例：away，there，outside等。（3）方式副词，例：carefully，slowly，successfully等。（4）程度副词，例：much，hardly，very，greatly等。考点二、副词考点二、副词（三）足够以至于1.形容词或副词+enough.如：（年龄）足够的大old enough 足够的大声loudly enoughadj/adv.+enough to do sth Her hair is long enough to tie（tie）back.adj/adv.+enough for sb to do The desk is light enough for me to carry（carry）.2 不足够.not enough to do=太.而不能tooto do The boy is not old enough to work.=The boy is too young to workThe boy is so young that he cant work 考点三、形容词与副词词性变化规律考点三、形容词与副词词性变化规律（一）adj.+ly adv.例：slowslowly beautifulbeautifully（二）以辅音字母加-le的词，去-e加-y。例：terribleterribly gentlegently（三）以“元音字母+辅音字母（l除外）+e”结尾的形容词，直接在词尾加-ly。例：widewidely bravebravely politepolitely（四）以字母“y”结尾的形容词变副词有两种情况：1.y发短元音i时，应变y为i，再加-ly。例：easyeasily happyhappily2.y发双元音ai时，则应直接加-ly。例：drydryly shyshyly考点三、形容词与副词词性变化规律考点三、形容词与副词词性变化规律（五）其他形式。例：fullfully truetruly注：1.以-ly结尾的形容词：friendly，lovely，likely，daily，weekly，ugly，lively，lonely等。2.有的词加了-ly的意思和词义是不同的。high高的deep深的late迟highly高度地deeply深深地lately最近wide宽的close近的hard努力的，难的widely广泛地closely仔细地hardly几乎不just刚才most很，最near附近justly公正地mostly大多数nearly几乎考点三、形容词与副词词性变化规律考点三、形容词与副词词性变化规律3.兼做形容词和副词的词。有些单词既具有形容词词性和具有副词词性。以下是常见的该类词。形容词形容词词义词义副词副词词义词义形容词形容词词义词义副词副词词义词义well身体好well很好地hard硬的，困难的hard努力地fast快的fast快地early早的early早地late迟的late迟loud大声的loud大声地nearby附近的nearby在附近 straight直的straight直地，直接地high高的high高pretty漂亮的pretty相当考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级（一）构成规则1.单音节词的比较级加-er，最高级加-est（以-e结尾的词只加-r构成比较级，加-st构成最高级）。例：talltaller nicenicest2.以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节改y为i，再加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。例：happyhappier dirtydirtiest3.重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时双写最后一个字母再加-er，-est。例：bigbiggerbiggest wetwetterwettest特例：likemore likemost like realmore realmost real4.多音节词和部分双音节词，在原级前加more，most构成比较级和最高级。例：slowlymore slowly tiredmore tired dangerousmostdangerous pleasedmost pleased考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级5.特殊变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther距离更远further程度更深，更进一步farthest距离最远furthest最大程度oldolder年纪更大的elder较年长的oldest年纪最大的eldest最年长的形容词最高级前通常要带有定冠词the（形容词前如有物主代词、指示代词等修饰时the要省略），而副词前的the可用省略。考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级（二）常用句型1.两者相等即A=B时，可用句型“A+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B”。例：I am as tall as Kelly.He can run as fast as his brother.注：as+形容词 +as =the same+名词+as as _old_ as =the same _age_ as 一样大（年龄）as _tall_ as =the same _height_ as一样高 as _heavy_ as =the same _weight_ as 一样重 as _long_ as =the same _length_ as一样长 as _wide_ as =the same _width_ as 一样宽 as _deep_ as =the same _depth_ as 一样深 考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级2两者不等即AB或AB时，可用句型“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”或“A+形容词或副词比较级+than+B”。例：I think math is not as/so interesting as English.=I think math is less interesting than English.=I think English is more interesting than math.注：比较级前可用a little，a bit，a lot，much，far，even，still等修饰。3.表示“A是B的倍”时，可用句型“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B”或“A+倍数+比较级+than+B”。例：Our school is four times as big as theirs.=Our school is three times bigger than theirs.考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级4.表示“越来越”时，用“比较级+and+比较级”。例：He is becoming taller and taller.She is getting more and more beautiful.注：多与get，become的进行时或turn的一般现在时连用。5.表示“越，就越”时，用“the+比较级,the+比较级”。例：The busier she is,the happier she feels.The more books you read,the more knowledge you will get.6.表示“两者中较的一个（of the two）”时，可用句型“A+the+比较级+of the two”。例：He is the taller of the two boys.She is the cleverer of the twins.考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级7.三者或三者以上比较时，可用句型“A+the+最高级+of/in/among+比较范围”。例：It is the most interesting book of all.He is the tallest in his class/among those three boys.8.表示“最的之一”时，可用句型“A+one of the+最高级+名词复数”。例：Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers.9.表示“第几的事物”时，可用句型“A+序数词+最高级+名词”。例：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级考点四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级10比较级的形式可以表达最高级的含义时，可用句型“A+比较级+than any other+名词单数”或“A+比较级+the other+名词复数”。例：China is larger than any other country in Asia.（同范围比较）=China is larger than the other countries in Asia.=China is the largest in Asia.特别注意：不同范围比较时，不用other。例：China is larger than any country in Africa.=China is larger than all the counties in Africa.考点自测考点自测用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Have a nice time,dear,and drive _.（careful）2.Beijing is a _（large）city than Hong Kong.3.I can work out the problem _.（easy）4.Of the two girls,Linda is _.（nice）5.Who jumped _（far）of all in the long jump?6.Im _（true）sorry to bother you.7.Computer is _（wide）used in the world.8.Which is _（strong）,a tiger,an elephant or a lion?9.Im 2 months _（young）than you.10.It is just as _（cold）today as it was yesterday.carefullylarger easily the nicer(the)farthesttruly widelythe strongestyoungercold