增进中美青年交流 落实“5年5万人”倡议.pdf

1!增进中美青年交流，落实“5 年 5 万人”倡议 2024.7.11 Promoting China-U.S.Youth Exchanges,Implementing the 50,000!People in 5 Years Vision 摘 要 中美关系是世界上最重要的双边关系之一。45 年来，中美关系历经风雨，总体向前发展，不仅增进了两国人民福祉，也促进了世界的和平、稳定和繁荣。在中美建交的 45 年来，双方展开了多领域，多层次的人文交流活动，帮助中美人民了解对方，增进合作。但受中美关系发展和疫情等因素影响，近年来中美民间交往活跃度下降，导致中美人民之间产生了许多误解和负面情绪。习近平主席指出：“中美关系希望在人民，基础在民间，未来在青年，活力在地方。”去年11 月，习近平主席同拜登总统在旧金山举行历史性会晤时也同意推动和加强中美各领域对话合作。在旧金山举行的美国友好团体联合欢迎宴会上，习近平主席宣布为扩大中美两国人民特别是青少年一代交流，中方未来 5 年愿邀请5 万名美国青少年来华交流学习。半年多以来，为落实这一重要倡议，中外相关机构积极行动，开展了许多交流项目和活动。全国青联和全国对外友协共同发起并组织实施了“未来之桥”中美青年交流计划，中国教育国际交流协会设立了“美国青年使者交流学习计划”，中美交流基金会也邀请和接待了多批美国学生访华团，清华大学苏世民书院、昆山杜克大学等高校也迎来了新一届的美国留学生。多个省市、企业、智库、校友会、侨团也发挥各自优势邀请、接待美国青年。2 据不完全统计，在过去的半年里，至少 60 次中美青年交流活动在中国开展，足迹遍布 20 个省级行政区。访华的美国青年以学生为主，包括中学生、大学生、研究生。同时，也有青年企业家、媒体、影视行业从业者，建筑等专业领域的美国青年来华交流。这些项目和活动涵盖了文化、教育、经济、科技、国际关系等众多主题，开展了圆桌讨论、艺术沙龙、体育比赛、文艺演出等诸多形式的活动，旨在让两国青年在互学互鉴中增进了解、收获友谊、共同成长。这其中，在福州举办的“鼓岭缘”中美青年交流周聚集了 500 余名中美各界青年，是中美建交以来规模最大的青年交流活动。同时也要看到，中美青年交流的良好势头也面临多方面的挑战与不确定性。美国务院将赴中国内地旅行仍定为“第三级”，建议其公民“重新考虑是否前往”，让一些本有意愿访华的美国青年望而却步。中美之间的航班相较疫情前仍显不足，导致经济实力不足的青年群体仍难负担相对高昂的旅行成本。同时，美国大选，媒体和公众舆论中的负面声音和情绪，乃至在流行文化吸引力上的差异也值得重视和关注。在此背景下，为进一步推动中美青年人文交流，落实好习近平主席倡议，本报告在调研分析的基础上提出以下建议：（一）为共同落实“5 年 5 万人”愿景，提升中美青少年交流的深度与广度，我们倡导多元主体的积极参与创新合作。第一，高校与国际学校的青年使者。可以选 1000 所国内优秀高校，利用学校宿舍和教学设施，每个学校负责 50-100 名美国学生来暑期留学；可选择 500所全国优秀中学，每所中学邀请 30 名美国优秀中学生来举办夏令营等活动。第二，地方政府与中美友城的活力引擎。可以选一批包括新疆、西藏、云南、内蒙古、黑龙江等边疆和西部地区在内各省市地方政府，以地方为单位分别承接一定量美方青少年，结合本地特色及美方青少年兴趣爱好和专业专长等开展特色交流活动。同时，可利用中美友好城市平台，以城会友增进相互合作与人民友谊。第三，人民团体与社会组织的协同网络。全国及各地对外友协、青年联合会和公共外交协会等人民团体和社会组织可进一步发挥统筹指导及组织协调作用，强化资源整合与协调机制，策划执行富有影响力的交流活动。3 第四，国际性机构的资源纽带。相关国际交流基金会、国际组织、跨国企业等国际性机构可更好发挥其广泛的全球网络与资源，特别是美方人脉资源渠道，搭建中美青年交流的高速通道，促进双方在教育、科技、文化等领域的深度合作。第五，校友网络的情感链接。发挥欧美同学会及校友会等组织深厚的社群资源，加强与在美华人与美国校友及其后代的联系，构建情感共鸣、资源共享的在美华人网络，并为其提供更多回国考察交流、联谊交友、研学参访、实习工作等机会和平台。第六，智库与研究机构的知识桥梁。智库等研究机构可积极开展民间外交、学术交流，通过组织会议论坛、开展青年学者及研究员互访等方式，增进两国青年学者间的相互理解和尊重，为中美关系的长远发展注入智慧与动力。（二）以多样化交流形式、创新性交流活动、市场化交流产品及更大力度优惠政策，鼓励吸引更广泛美国学龄儿童、青少年等来华旅游、交流和学习。第七，创新交流方式，挖掘多元化需求。与时俱进，设计丰富多样的交流形式和创新性活动，如科技探索、艺术交流、体育竞技等，精准对接美国青少年的兴趣与期待，扩大美方来华群体范畴。第八，推动入境旅游与游学项目相结合，激发旅游及相关企业的参与热情，打造更多市场化来华游学产品。通过政策补贴与市场机制的双重驱动，降低美国青少年来华成本，保障高品质的旅游与学习体验。第九，不断优化政策，提升来华便利性，降低其来华成本。进一步完善签证政策、简化入境手续，试行对符合要求的来华美国青少年的单方免签政策，协调航空公司、旅游景点、铁路部门等面向美国来华青少年推出优惠票价，降低其来华成本，提升美国青少年等来华体验。（三）扩大中美间教育及留学生交流，吸引更多美国学生来华留学及交换交流等。第十，加大宣传力度，采取更加外向的招生策略，积极开拓美国来华留学生源市场。加强品牌建设和国际推广，参考国际通行的教育营销策略，精准定位美国目标受众，展现中国教育的独特魅力和广阔前景，激发更多美国学生对来华留学的兴趣与渴望。4 第十一，强化国际化师资队伍建设，提升来华留学教学质量与认证标准。大力引进海归学者和外籍教师，丰富教学团队的国际化背景，提升课程内容的前沿性和实用性。建立健全公正透明的质量评估体系，确保来华留学经历的含金量，增强中国教育品牌的国际认可度。第十二，中国学校可尝试开展更多寄宿家庭项目，而非仅安排国际生宿舍。寄宿家庭模式是帮助美国学生了解中国人、了解一个典型的中国家庭的绝佳途径，也为东道国家庭提供了与外国文化接触的机会，有助于促进文化的双向交流和相互学习。第十三，进一步探索发展中外合作办学项目。可进一步探索发展中外合作办学机构及项目，扩大中外合作办学规模，调整区域中外合作办学资源配置结构，并将中外合作办学机构与项目作为招收美国来华留学生的重要渠道。第十四，将美国父母和学生对留学中国对职业生涯的考量纳入留学项目的设计和宣推中。可尝试效仿美国为国际学生提供的 OPT（Optional Practical Training）项目，创新签证政策，为美国来华留学生提供类似美国 OPT 项目的实习签证或工作签证。允许学生完成学业后在中国进行为期 1 至 2 年的实习或工作，为其提供实际工作经验和职业发展机会，并提供就业指导服务。（四）加强国际传播，塑造中美青少年交流的积极形象，构建更加开放、透明、友好的国际传播环境，为中美青年交流及美国青少年来华学习创造良好的舆论氛围，进一步提升美国公众对中国的好感度和认知度，促进两国人民之间的相互理解和友谊。第十五，重视活动的国际传播，创新传播策略，拓展国际影响力。采用生动、鲜活、新颖的传播方式，结合传统与新兴媒体平台，如社交媒体、短视频、直播等，讲述真实、立体、全面的中国故事，特别是中美青少年交流的成功案例，激发国际社会的共鸣与好评。第十六，深化国际媒体合作，放大国际传播效应。加强与国际媒体、出版机构的合作，借助其广泛的全球网络和专业视角，传递中国声音，解读中国政策，澄清误解，引导国际舆论形成更加客观、公正的中国观，特别是在促进中美青少年交流方面，展现中国开放包容、合作共赢的态度与实践。5 第十七，文化赋能，提升国际吸引力。持续深耕文化软实力，挖掘和弘扬中华优秀传统文化的当代价值，推动中国流行文化创新与发展，使其成为连接中国与世界，尤其是吸引美国及全球青少年群体的桥梁。通过音乐、电影、文学、艺术、体育等多元文化载体，展现中国年轻一代的活力与创造力，增强海外青年对中国文化的认同感和向往。第十八，愿景引领，增进人文交流。以“5 年 5 万人”愿景为行动指南，全面推动中美人文交流的广度与深度，不仅局限于教育领域，还涵盖科技、文化、体育、可持续发展等多个层面，促进两国人民特别是青少年之间的直接接触与对话。通过民间友好往来与务实合作，增进相互理解与信任，巩固中美民间外交作为两国关系助推器的重要地位，为中美关系的长远发展奠定坚实的民意基础。6 Abstract China-U.S.relations are one of the most important bilateral relationships in the world,and over the past 45 years,they have weathered the storms and generally moved forward,not only enhancing the well-being of the people of the two countries,but also contributing to the peace,stability and prosperity of the world.In the 45 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the U.S.,the two sides have carried out humanistic exchanges in many fields and at many levels,helping the Chinese and American people to understand each other and enhance cooperation.However,due to the changes in China-U.S.relations and the epidemic and other factors,the activity of China-U.S.people-to-people exchanges has declined in recent years,leading to many misunderstandings and negative emotions between the Chinese and American people.President Xi Jinping pointed out that the hope of the China-U.S.relationship lies in the people,its foundation is in our societies,its future depends on the youth,and its vitality comes from exchanges at subnational levels.Last November,President Xi Jinping and President Biden also agreed to promote and strengthen China-U.S.dialogue and cooperation in various fields during their historic meeting in San Francisco.At a joint welcome banquet of U.S.friendship groups in San Francisco,President Xi Jinping announced that in order to expand exchanges between the people of China and the U.S.,especially the youth generation,China is willing to invite 50,000 U.S.youths to come to China for exchanges and study over the next five years.Over the past six months or so,in order to implement this important initiative,relevant institutions in China and abroad have taken active steps to carry out a number of exchange programmes and activities.The All-China Youth Federation and The Chinese Peoples Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries have jointly initiated and implemented the Bridge of the Future China-US Youth Exchange Programme,the China Education Association for International Exchange has set up the Young Envoys Scholarship,and the China-United States Exchange Foundation has invited and hosted a number of U.S.student delegations to China.The China-US Exchange Foundation has also invited and hosted several groups of American students to visit China,and colleges and universities such as Schwarzman College at Tsinghua University and Duke Kunshan University have also welcomed a new class of American students.Many provinces,cities,enterprises,think tanks,alumni associations,and overseas Chinese associations have also taken advantage of their respective strengths to invite and host American youth.7 According to incomplete statistics,in the past six months,at least 60 China-U.S.youth exchanges have taken place in China,covering 20 provincial administrative regions.American youth visiting China are mainly students,including high school students,college students and graduate students.At the same time,young American entrepreneurs,media professionals,film industry workers,and professionals in fields such as architecture have come to China for exchanges.These programmes and activities cover a wide range of topics such as culture,education,economy,science and technology,international relations,etc.Round-table discussions,art salons,sports competitions,cultural performances and many other forms of activities have been carried out,aiming at letting the youth of the two countries to enhance their understanding,gain friendship and make progress together in mutual learning and appreciation.Among these activities,“Bond with Kuliang:2024 China-U.S.Youth Festival”held in Fuzhou gathered more than 500 young people from all walks of life in China and the United States,making it the largest youth exchange activity since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States.However,it is also important to recognize that the positive momentum of China-U.S.youth exchanges faces multiple challenges and uncertainties.The U.S.Department of State still classifies travel to mainland China as Tier 3 and advises its citizens to reconsider whether or not to travel,which discourages some American youth who had thought of visiting China.Flights between China and the United States are still inadequate compared to the pre-epidemic period,making it difficult for young people who are economically disadvantaged to afford the relatively high cost of travel.At the same time,the negative voices and sentiments in the U.S.elections,media,and public opinion,as well as differences in the appeal of popular culture,also deserve attention and concern.In this context,in order to further promote China-U.S.youth cultural exchanges and implement President Xi Jinpings initiative,this report puts forward the following recommendations based on research and analysis:(I)In order to jointly implement the 50,000 in 5 Years vision and to enhance the depth and breadth of youth exchanges between the U.S.and China,we advocate the active participation and innovative cooperation of multiple actors.1.Youth Ambassadors in Colleges and International Schools.We can select 1,000 outstanding colleges and universities in China,and using school dormitories and teaching facilities,each school will be responsible for 50-100 U.S.8 students to come to study abroad in the summer.You can select 500 outstanding middle schools in China,and each middle school will invite 30 outstanding U.S.middle school students to come to organize summer camps and other activities.2.Vitality engine for local governments and China-US-Friendship Cities.A group of local governments in various provinces and cities,including Xinjiang,Tibet,Yunnan,Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,and other border and western regions,can be selected to undertake a certain amount of U.S.youths on a local basis and carry out special exchange activities by combining local characteristics and U.S.youths hobbies and professional specialties.At the same time,the platform of China-US friendship cities can be utilized to promote mutual cooperation and friendship among people.3.Collaborative Networks of Peoples Organizations and Social Groups National and local associations for friendship with foreign countries,youth federations,and public diplomacy associations can play a better role in providing guidance and coordinating by enhancing resource integration and coordination mechanisms,and planning and conducting impactful exchange activities.4.Resource Bridges of International Institutions Relevant international exchange foundations,international organizations,and multinational enterprises can better leverage their extensive global networks and resources,especially the U.S.human resources channels,to build a smooth channel for youth exchanges between China and the United States,and to promote in-depth cooperation between the two sides in the fields of education,science and technology,culture and other areas.5.Emotional Links of Alumni Networks The deep community resources of organisations such as European and American alumni associations and alumni associations should be brought into play to strengthen the links between Chinese in the United States and American alumni and their descendants,so as to build a network of Chinese in the United States that resonates with emotions and shares resources and provides more opportunities and platforms for them to return to their home countries for study visits and exchanges,fellowships and friendships,study tours and internships.6.Knowledge Bridges of Think Tanks and Research Institutions Think tanks and research institutions can actively engage in people-to-people diplomacy and academic exchanges,organizing meetings and forums,facilitating mutual visits of young scholars and researchers,thereby enhancing mutual 9 understanding and respect among young scholars from both countries and injecting wisdom and momentum into the long-term development of China-U.S.relations.(II)More efforts should be made to encourage and attract a wider range of American school-age children and youth to travel,exchange,and study in China,including promoting diverse exchange formats,innovative activities,market-oriented products,and stronger preferential policies.7.Innovate Exchange Methods and Explore Diversified Needs.We should keep abreast of the times and design rich and diversified forms of exchange and innovative activities,such as scientific and technological exploration,art exchanges,sports competitions,etc.,so as to accurately match the interests and expectations of American youth and expand the scope of groups from the U.S.side coming to China.8.Combine Inbound Tourism with Study Tours,Stimulating the Enthusiasm of Tourism and Related Enterprises to Participate,and Creating more market-oriented study tour products.Reduce the cost for American youth to come to China and ensure a high-quality travel and learning experience by leveraging both policy subsidies and market mechanisms 9.Continuously Optimize Policies to Make Visits to China More Convenient,Reduce their cost of coming to China.Further optimize visa policies,streamline entry procedures,pilot unilateral visa-free policies for qualified American youth coming to China,Coordinating with airlines,tourist attractions,railroads and others to offer discounted fares for U.S.youth coming to China,reduce their cost of coming to China,and improve the experience for American youth visiting China.(III)Increase educational communication and student exchanges between China and the US to attract more American students to study and participate in exchange programs in China.10.Increase Publicity and Adopt More Outward-Looking Enrollment Strategies to Actively Explore the Market for American Students Coming to China.Enhance brand-building and international promotion,drawing on globally recognized education marketing strategies.Target the U.S.audience accurately,showcasing the 10 unique appeal and extensive opportunities of Chinese education to stimulate greater interest and desire among American students to study in China.11.Enhance the internationalization of the faculty team,improve the quality of teaching for international students in China.We should strongly introduce overseas returnees and foreign teachers.This will enrich the international background of the teaching team,enhance the cutting-edge and practical nature of the curriculum.We need to establish a fair and transparent quality assessment system to guarantee the value of studying in China and boost the international recognition of the Chinese education brand.12.Chinese schools can try to conduct more homestay programs than just arranging dormitories for international students.The homestay model is an excellent way to help American students get to know the Chinese people and a typical Chinese family,and it also provides host families with the opportunity to engage with a foreign culture,which can help promote two-way cultural exchange and mutual learning.13.Further exploring the development of Chinese-foreign cooperative education programs.It can further explore the development of Chinese-foreign cooperative education institutions and programs,expand the scale of Chinese-foreign cooperative education,adjust the structure of the regional allocation of resources for Chinese-foreign cooperative education,and use Chinese-foreign cooperative education institutions and