人教八上句子成分及简单句五种类型复习课.pptx

句子成分及简单句句子成分及简单句五种类型五种类型句子成分的定义：句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分句子成分。句子成分有句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分有主要成分有主语和谓语主语和谓语；次要成分有次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。足语和同位语。句子的成分主语主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，表示句子所说的是首，表示句子所说的是“什么人什么人”或或“什什么事么事物物”。但在但在there be结构、结构、疑问句疑问句（当主语（当主语不是疑问词时）和不是疑问词时）和倒装句倒装句中，主语位于谓中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和主语从句名词、和主语从句等表示。例如：等表示。例如：（一）句子的主语1.Three and two is five.3加2等于5。2.It is dangerous to swim in the river.在河道里游泳是危险的。3.Drinking milk is good for your health.喝牛奶对你的健康有好处。4.There are some boys playing cards in the park.在公园里有些男孩在打牌。（数词）（不定式）_（动名词）_（人称代词）_（名词）_5.Shes funnier than anyone I know.她要比我认识的任何一个人要有趣。6.The winner always gets a very good prize.获胜者总是能获得丰厚的奖金。7.What they need most is food and water.他们最需要的是食物和水。（主语从句）8.Can you come to my party on Saturday?你能在周六来参加我的聚会吗？（人称代词主格）（人称代词主格）（名词）_请完成以下句子：1.所有人都在度假。_ was on vacation.2.很多学生经常上网。Many _ often go online.3.旧习难改。Old _ die hard.4.才艺展示节目越来越受到欢迎。Talent _ are getting more and more popular.Everyone students habits shows 5.游泳是我的一项爱好。_ is one of my hobbies.6.眼见为实。_ is to believe.7.要改变一个坏习惯很难。_ is difficult _ a bad habit.8.跑步对你的健康有好处。_ is good for your health.Swimming To seeIt to change Running 谓语(Predicate)说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语主要部分用动词，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或助动词willshallbe going to加动词 原形构成。如:You should talk to your parents about it.He will go camping tomorrow.（二）句子的谓语2、复合谓语：（2）由助动词be加动词的现在分词构成。如:They are taking a trip in New York.He is cooking noodles for his sister.（3）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are junior high school students.He feels better.She became a famous doctor.It seems impossible to finish this work.Cities will be more beautiful.Its the best movie theater.表语(Predicative)用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，它一般位于系动词之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动词ing、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：（三）句子的表语1.The weather is really terrible.天气真的很糟糕。（形容词作表语）2.He became a popular teacher.他成为了一位 受欢迎的老师。（名词短语作表语）3.His job is to serve people at the restaurant.他的工作就是在餐馆里为他人服务。（不定式作表语）4.Her hobby is playing volleyball.她的爱好就是打排球。（动名词短语作表语）5.Class is over.下课了。（副词作表语）6.It seems that he doesnt like this party at all.他似乎一点儿也不喜欢这次聚会。（从句作表语）7.The old man is over 90.这位老人已经是过90高龄了。（数词做表语）8.This party is the best way to say“Thank you and goodbye.”（名词短语作表语）这个派对是说“谢谢你和再见”的最好方法。英语简单句基本句型三：S+V+P常见系动词有：1）表示状态 be 是 seem 似乎，好像，看来2）表示感官feel感觉 look看起来sound听起 来taste尝起来smell闻起来3）表示延续keep保持stay保持4）表示变化become开始变得，变成请完成以下句子：1.城市将会更加拥挤，污染更加严重。Cities will _ more crowded and polluted.2.火箭在100年前似乎是不可能的。Rockets _ impossible 100 years ago.3.除非你和某人交谈，否则你不会感觉好起 来。You cannot _ better unless you talk tosomeone.be seemed feel4.这西红柿蛋汤尝起来味道很鲜。The tomato and egg soup _ delicious.5.她的计划听起来很棒。Her plan _ great.6.这老人总是保持快乐。The old man always _ happy.7.迪斯尼变得非常有钱，并且成功。Walt Disney _ very rich and successful.tastes sounds keeps became宾语（Object）表示动作、行为的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。1.They visited the art museum yesterday.2.Mr.Tang teaches us science well.3.He hopes to be a doctor in the future.4.She didnt want anything to eat.5.We enjoyed ourselves at the party.6.Would you mind opening the door?（名词短语）（代词、名词）（不定式短语）（复合不定代词）（反身代词）（动名词短语）（四）句子的宾语英语简单句基本句型二：S+V+O及物动词后面至少需要接一个对象作为它的宾语，构成动宾结构。有部分及物动词后接动词不定式作宾语，而有部分及物动词后接动名词作宾语。有个别及物动词两者均可使用，在含义上有一致的，也有大不一样的。He sometimes made careless mistakes.他有时犯粗心的错误。He always trusts others.他总是相信别人。1.break broke 打破；打碎；损坏The boy _ a bowl yesterday.那个男孩昨天打破了一个碗。2.build built 建筑；建造They _ _ new beautiful towns.他们正在建设美丽城镇。3.celebrate 庆贺；庆祝They _ _ the National Day.他们正在庆祝国庆节。broke arebuilding arecelebrating4.plant 种植They _ hundreds of trees every year.他们每年种植大量的树。5.win won 赢得；赢We _ the basketball game last week.我们上周赢得了篮球比赛。6.lose lost 失去；丢失She _ her watch yesterday.她在昨天丢失了手表。plant won lost 可用动词不定式作宾语的有：1.decide 决定；选定He decided to turn down the invitation.他决定拒绝邀请。2.expect 预料；期待You can expect to learn a lot from them.你可以期待从它们那儿学到很多东西。3.hope 希望I hope to be a TV reporter one day.我希望有一天成为一名电视台记者。4.plan 打算；计划She plans to watch a soap opera tonight.她计划今晚看一部肥皂剧。5.try 设法；努力You should try to solve the problems.你应当设法去解决问题。6.want 想要I want to be a famous doctor.我想要成为一名出名的医生。7.promise 许诺；承诺She promised to buy a new wallet for me.她许诺给我买一只新的钱包。8.refuse 拒绝He refused to accept my invitation.他回绝了我的邀请。9.agree 同意；赞成；应允The teacher agreed to have a class party.老师同意了举办一个班级派对。可用动名词作宾语的有：1.mind 介意Would you mind my opening the door?你介意我把门打开吗？2.stand 忍受I cant stand doing so much housework.我无法忍受要做那么多的家务。3.try 尝试We tried paragliding that day.我们在那天尝试了滑翔伞运动。4.practice 练习；操练They practice playing basketball every day.他们天天练习打篮球。5.enjoy 喜欢；享受I enjoy reading at the library on weekends.我在周末喜欢去图书馆里看书。6.feel like 感受到I feel like taking a walk at the beautiful park.我在美丽的公园里非常想要散散步。7.keep on 将一直在做的事继续下去有部分及物动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词，在意义上差别比较明显的有：1.forget to do 忘记要做某事Dont forget to turn off the TV.别忘了关闭电视机。forget doing 忘记做过某事I forgot doing math homework.我忘记已经做过数学作业了。2.try to do 设法去做；努力去做 try doing 尝试做某事3.remember to do 记得要去做某事（未做）Please remember to bring an umbrella.请记得要带一把雨伞。remember doing 记得做过某事（已做）I remembered cleaning the classroom.我记得已经打扫过教室了。4.stop to do 停止（一件事）去做另外的事He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。stop doing 停止正在做的事They stopped playing games.他们停止玩游戏。英语简单句基本句型四：S+V+O+O在英语中，有些及物动词可接两个宾语。一个指人，一个指物。指人的称为间接宾语，指物的称为直接宾语。常用句型有：1）主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。They give people a way to make their dreams come true.它们为人们提供了一条实现梦想的路。They served us the most delicious food.他们给我们提供了最美味的食物。2）主语+谓语动词+直接宾语+forto+间接宾 语。My uncle bought a wallet for me.我的叔叔为我买了一只钱包。He sends his articles to newspapers.他将文章邮寄给各类报刊。Her parents got a new wallet for her.她的父母给她买了一只新的钱包。She showed all her photos to her friends.她把所有的照片给她的朋友看。已经学过的可跟双宾语的的动词有：1)give sb.sth.give sth.to sb.给某人某物 show sb.sth.show sth.to sb.给某人看某物 send sb.sth.send sth.to sb.发送某人某物 bring sb.sth.bring sth.to sb.带给某人某物 2)cook sb.sth.cook sth.for sb.为某人煮什么 buy sb.sth.buy sth.for sb.为某人买什么 make sb.sth.make sth.for sb.为某人制作什么 get sb.sth.get sth.for sb.为某人买什么英语中有些及物动词，除有一个间接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（Object Complement），才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：主语+某些及物动词+宾语+宾补。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、不定式、动词的ing、过去分词、介词短语和从句充当等充当。（五）句子的宾语补足语1.His father named him Dongming.他的父亲叫他东明。2.They painted the wall brown.他们把墙油漆成棕色。3.Let the fresh air in.让新鲜的空气进来。4.She asked him to buy some fruit.她要求他买一些水果。（名词作宾补）（形容词作宾补）（副词作宾补）（不定式短语作宾补）英语简单句基本句型五：S+V+O+C5.We saw him helping old people.我们看见他在帮助老人。6.She kept everything clean and tidy.她把所有的东西保持得干净又整洁。7.The boss made the girl work 15 hours a day.那位老板强迫这女孩一天工作15个小时。8.Our parents didnt want us in trouble.我们的父母不想让我们陷入麻烦。（动词的ing形式作宾补）（形容词作宾补）（不定式短语作宾补）（介词短语作宾补）9.The music made us relaxed.这音乐使得我们非常放松。10.We found the door broken.我们发现那扇门破了。11.I find it difficult to make dumplings well.我发现要做好饺子很困难。12.I saw Li Ming studying science 10 minutes ago.我在10分钟前看见李明在学习科学。（过去分词作宾补）（形容词作宾补）（过去分词作宾补）（动词的ing形式作宾补）部分及物动词常用不定式作宾补1.The English teacher often makes us laugh in class.英语老师在课堂上经常使我们笑。2.The news made us jump up and down.这消息使我们欢呼雀跃。3.The expert advised him to share his feelings with his best friend.这个专家建议他将感受和最好的朋友分享。请熟记以下几个短语：1.要求某人做某事 ask sb.to do sth.2.叫某人做某事 tell sb.to do sth.3.邀请某人做某事 invite sb.to do sth.4.建议某人做某事 advise sb.to do sth.5.想要某人做某事 want sb.to do sth.6.使得某人做某事 make sb.do sth.7.让某人做某事 let sb.do sth.8.看见某人做某事 see sb.do sth.Practice Another piece of bad news made everyone even _.(sad)另一条坏消息使得所有人更悲伤了。The funny story made the girl _finally.(laugh)最后，这个有趣的故事使得这个女孩笑了。sadder形容词作宾补 laugh不定式作宾补 英语简单句基本句型二：S+V在英语中，有些不需要加宾语意思就完整的动词。在词典里标有vi.的就是不及物动词。如：die 死亡 come来 go去 leave离开win 获胜 stand站立 happen发生 hang 悬挂；垂下My pet dog _ yesterday.It made mevery sad.我家的宠物狗昨天死了。这使我非常悲伤。Some monkeys are _ from the tree.一些猴子正悬挂在那棵树上。diedhangingThe building _ down because of the heavy rain.那建筑物因为大雨倒塌了。Many unlucky things _ to the boy.很多不幸的事发生在那个男孩身上。My best friend didnt _ at my birthdayparty.It made me unhappy.我最好的朋友没有出现在我的生日聚会。这使得我很不开心。The writer often _ around the world.那位作家经常去世界各地旅行。fellhappenedappeartravels1.定义：修饰定义：修饰名词或代词名词或代词的的词、短语或从句词、短语或从句称为定语称为定语(Attribute)。2.定语构成：定语可由形容词、现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词性物主代词、不定式、介词短语、定语从句等表示。1）Shaoxing is a beautiful city.绍兴是一座美丽的城市。2）Liu Yang is a woman astronaut.刘洋是一位女宇航员。（六）句子中的定语（形容词作定语）（名词作定语）3）Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡正在变得越来越美丽。4)Greenwood is the best place to go to on weekends.Greenwood 是周末去休闲的最好地方。5)My cousin Sam from Xian is going to be here.我在西安的表兄Sam要过来看我。（形容词性物主代词作定语）（不定式作定语）6）The first step is to find someone you trust to talk to.第一步是找到某个你信任的可以倾诉的人。7)Thanksgiving is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn.感恩节是人们感谢秋季所获得的食物的时刻。8)People usually eat traditional food on special holidays.人们通常在特殊的日子里吃传统的食物。（定语从句修饰复合不定代词）（不定式作定语）（形容词作定语）1.定义：用于说明时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、目的、方向、程度和伴随情况等的一种句子成分。2.作用：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征。3.状语构成：状语主要由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。（七）句子中的状语Adverbial1.I was on vacation last week.我上周在度假。2.I went to Guizhou with my family.我和家人一块儿去了贵州。3.Everything tasted really good.所有的食物都非常好吃。4.She sometimes goes shopping.她有时候去购物。5.He exercises every day.（时间状语）（地点状语）（表示伴随情况状语）（程度状语）（频度状语）（频度状语）6.He usually goes to work by bus.他通常乘公共汽车上班。7.You can buy tickets quickly.你可以很快地买到票。8.Sam isnt leaving until next Wednesday.Sam直到下周三才离开。（方式状语）（修饰动词）（时间状语）