FrancisBacon-.pptx

FrancisBaconTeammembers:童淼淼32；汪淑芬33；王明哲34；王媛娜35；吴锦娅36BaconsContribution1561-1626uAfamousEnglishphilosopherandstatesman.uHewascalled“fatherofModernScience”.uAccordingtoMarx,Baconis“therealfatherofEnglishmaterialismandexperimentalscienceofmoderntimesingeneral”.BaconTheTowerofLondonBaconsworksvPhilosophicalworks:TheAdvancementofLearning；TheNovum Organum；TheDe Augmentis vLiteraryworks:Ofstudies;Oftruth;Ofdeath;OfRevenge;OfFriendship.vProfessionalworks:Maximsofthelaw;ReadingontheStatuteofUses.BaconsEssaysBacons“Essays”,firstpublished in 1597 andissued in its final form in1625,havegenerallybeenconsideredasimportantlandmarksinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose,andasthefirstcollectionofessaysintheEnglishlanguage.BaconsEssaysTheseessaysareallshortpiecesoftheauthorsreflectionsandcomments,coveringawidevarietyofsubjects,such as love,truth,friendship,parents andchildren,beauty,studies,youthandageandpoliticalissues.Naturally,these essays reflect the authorsviewsonpoliticalandsocialandpersonalproblemsintheRenaissanceperiod.“OfPlantations”;“OfRiches”;“OfMarriageandSingleLife”;“OfBeauty”;“OfStudies”,andsoon.BaconsEssaysTheyhavewonpopularityforhisclearness,brevityandforceofexpression.Manyofhissentenceshavebecomewiseoldsayings:“Wivesareyoungmensmistresses,companionsformiddleage,andoldmensnurses.”(OfMarriageandSingleLife)妻子是青年时代的情人，中年时代的伴侣，暮年时代的守护。“Chaste women are often proud and froward,aspresuminguponthemeritoftheirchastity.”(OfMarriageandSingleLife)一个独身的女人常常是骄横的。因为她需要显示，她的贞节似乎是自愿保持的。“Reading makes a full man;conference a readyman,andwritinganexactman.”(OfStudies)读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。“Richesareforspending.”(OfExpense)“Ofgreatriches,thereisnorealuse,exceptitbeinthedistribution;therestisbutconceit.”(OfRiches)至于巨大的财富，它并无真正的用途，除了可以施舍与继承，就只能供自我陶醉或自欺欺人了。OfStudies“Of Studies”is the most popular of Bacons 58essays.Itanalyzeswhatstudieschieflyservefor，the different ways adopted by different people topursue studies,how studies exert influence overhuman character.Forceful,persuasive,compact,and precise,“Of Studies”reveals to us Baconsmatureattitudetowardslearning.Baconslanguageisneatandweighty.