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高中必修一英语知识点.docx

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高中必修一英语知识点 Unit One Friendship 一、重点(短语) 1.go through 经受,经受 get through 通过;完成;接通电话 2. set down 登记,放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 黄昏,黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参与(某个活动); take part in 参与(活动) join 参加(组织,团队,并成为其中一员) 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 患病 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关怀 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发觉做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再… 18. too much 太多(后接不行数n.) much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到… 才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做… 并不快乐 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 高中必修一英语学问2 Unit two English around the world 一、重点短语 1. be different from 与…不同 be the same as 与…一样 2. one another 相互,彼此(=each other) 3. official language 官方语言 4. at the end of 在…完毕时 5. because of 由于(后接名词或名词性短语) because 由于(后接(句子)) 6. native speakers 说母语的人 7. be based on 依据,依据 8. at present 目前;当今 9. especially 特殊,尤其 specially 特地地 10. make use of 利用… make the best of 充分利用… 11. a large number of 大量的,许多(作主语,谓语动词用复数) the number of …的数量(作主语,谓语动词用单数) 12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事实上 13. believe it or not 信不信由你 14. there is no such thing as… 没有这样的事… 15. be expected to …被期盼做某事 16. play a part/role in … 在…起作用 17. make lists of…列清单 18. included 包括(前面接包括的对象) Including包括(后接包括的对象) 19. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事 command + that 从句(从句用should+V原) 20. request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 request + that 从句(从句用should+V原) 高中必修一英语学问3 Unit 3 Travel journal 一、重点短语 1. travel----泛指旅行 journey----指长时间长距离的陆上旅行 voyage----指长距离的水上旅行,也可以指乘飞机旅行 trip----常指短时间短距离的旅行 tour----指周游,巡回旅游, 2. prefer to 更加喜爱,宁愿 prefer A to B 比起B,更喜爱A prefer doing to doing 比起做…,宁愿做… prefer to do rather than do 与其做…, 不如… 3. flow through 流过,流经 4. ever since 自从 5. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 6. be fond of 喜爱 7. insist on doing 坚持做某事 insist + that 从句(用should+ V原) 8. care about 关怀 9. change one’s mind 转变想法 10. altitude 高度 attitude 态度,看法 11. make up one’s mind to do下定决心做某事 = decide to do = make a decision to do 12. give in 让步,屈服 give up 放弃 13. be surprised to … 对…感到惊异 to one’s surprise 令某人惊异的是… 14. at last = finally = in the end 最终 15. stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停顿做某事 16. as usual 像平常一样 17. so…that 如此… 以至于… So + adj + a/an + n. + that Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that 18. be familiar with 对…熟识(人作主语) be familiar to 为…所熟识(物作主语) 二、语法:现在进展时表将来 现在进展时表将来,表示最近按打算或安排要进展的动作,常见的现在进展时表将来的动词有:come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等. 例:1. I’m coming. 我就来 2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下个星期天做什么? 3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行 4. Where are you staying at night? 你们晚上待在哪里/ 高中必修一英语学问4 Unit four Earthquakes 一、重点短语 1. right away 立即,立刻(= at once = in no time) 2. asleep 睡着的;熟睡地(fall asleep 入睡) sleep 睡;睡眠 sleepy 犯困的 3. it seems that/ as if … 看来似乎… ;好像 4. in ruins 成为废墟 5. the number of …的数量(谓语动词用单数) a number of 大量(谓语动词用复数) 6. rescue workers 营救人员 Come to one’s rescue 营救某人 7. be trapped 被困 8. how long 多长时间 how often 多久,指平率 how soon 还要多久(用于将来时当中,用in+时间段答复) 9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的 10. dig out 挖出 11. shake----泛指“动摇,震惊”,常指左右、上下动摇,也可以指人“震动,抖动” 例:1. She felt the earth shaking under him. 2. She was shaken with anger. quake---- 指较剧烈的震惊,如地震 例: The building quaked on its foundation Tremble---- 指人由于严寒、恐惊、担心等引起的身体的抖动或声音的抖动 例:Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks. Shiver---- 多指严寒引起的抖动、哆嗦 例:A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver. 12. rise (rose—risen)---- vi, 上升;升起, 无被动语态;give rise to 引起 Raise(raised—raised)---- vt, 举起;筹集;哺育 Arise ( arose—arisen)----vt, 消失(常指问题或现象) 13. injure---- 常指因意外事故造成的损伤,也可以指感情上名誉上的损害 例:He was injured in a car accident. harm---- 泛指“损害,损害”,既可以指有生命的,也可以指无生命的 例:1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child. 2. His business was harmed for some reason. hurt---- 既可以指肉体上的损害,也可以指精神上的损害 例:1. She hurt her leg when she fell. 2. He felt hurt at your word. wound---- 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤 例:The bullet wounded him in the arm. 14. be prepared for …= make preparations for… 为…做预备 15. in one’s honor 向…表示敬意;为纪念 Be/ feel honored to do … 做…感到很荣幸 16. make /give/ deliver a speech 发言 opening speech 开幕词 17. give/ provide shelter to …向…供应庇护所 seek shelter from…躲避 18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭受,发生 happen to do sth. 偶然;碰巧 happen ----指偶然发生 take place----指事先打算好的事情发生 二、语法----定语从句 概念:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 成分:先行词,即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词:that,which,who(宾格为whom,全部格为whose);或者关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主从句的作用。 1. 关系代词that的用法 关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主语,也能做宾语 例:1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物,作主语) 2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物,作宾语) 3)Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人,作主语) 4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister,(指人,作宾语) 2. 关系代词which的用法 关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物,但既可以做宾语也能作主语 例:1)They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主语) 2)The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语) 3. 关系代词who,whom的用法 关系代词who,whom 只能指人,在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语 例:1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主语) 2)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作宾语)、 4. 关系代词whose在的用法 关系代词whose为关系代词who的全部格形式,其先行词既可以是人也可以是物,whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。 例:1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人,作主语) 2) The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物,作主语) 3)He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. (指物,作宾语) 5. 关系副词when的用法 关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语 例:1)I’ll never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm. 2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago? 6. 关系副词where在定语从句中的用法 关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语 例:1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met. 2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn’t very clean. 7. 关系副词why在定语从句中的用法 关系副词why在定语从句中作缘由状语 例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why(= for which) I left. 2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train. 高中必修一英语学问5 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela – a modern hero 一、重点词汇 1. selfish 自私的 selfless 无私的 2. devote oneself to… 致力于;献身于 3. fight against 对抗,反对 fight for 为… 而战 4. principle 原则 principal 校长;主要的 5. offer guidance to …给…供应指导 6. out of work 失业 7. join 参加(组织,俱乐部,成为其中一员) join in 参与(活动) take part in 参与(活动) 8. as + adj +as one can 尽可能… = as + adj. +as possible 9. as a matter of fact 事实上(=in fact) 10. blow up 爆炸,炸掉 11. set up 建立 ; set about 着手,开头做( set about doing sth.) set off 动身,动身 ; set out 开头,动身(set out to do sth.) 12. be sentenced to 被判… 13. be equal to 与…相等;胜任 14. be proud of 为…感到骄傲 15. give out 分发 (give off 散发出(气味)) 16. die for 为…而死 die of 死于(自身缘由,如疾病) die from 死于(外在缘由,如车祸) 17. realize one’s dream of … 实现..的幻想 18. only 位于句首时,要主谓倒装 例:Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. Only in this way, can we protect the environment better. 二.语法----定语从句 详见第四单元
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