第一编选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions学案含解析.doc

　Unit 3　Inventors and inventions

晨背分钟
填词并背记
Strange Patent Applications
I set_about working in the current Patent Office after resigning from the court personnel. Competent and dynamic,_I never feel passive while diving_into the identifications of whether applications are valid and practical according to the new version of the criteria.

With the expectation of distinguishing their own importance, some people leave the beaten_track and file strange products with us now_and_then,_for example, lantern that can be attached on your forehead,_cubic walnuts,_refrigerator made of straw and glue,_perfume that nobody can bear to smell, and so on.
Once, a man made a triangle helicopter out of stainless wires and string. He called us up and merrily claimed it was stable and convenient to use, and never out_of_order. I asked him to hang_on,_but this innocent man just rang_off and set_out to fly from his courtyard. I dialed his number in the directory trying to ring_him_back,_but never got_through.
Merciful God blessing, an abrupt freezing rainfall made his powder wet. Luckily, the trouble was without any extension except that he crashed into a greengrocer's making all the ripe fruits become messy jam. When people seized this crazy man with caution and sobered him by tapping his face, he complained about the bad weather instead of associating his failure with his unscientific design.
奇怪的专利申请
从法院人事部辞职后，我开始在现在的专利局工作。我工作起来既称职又有活力，我投身于根据新版的申请标准鉴定专利申请的工作，避免无效或不实用的专利出现，在工作过程中我从未感觉到消极没劲。
为了突出自己的重要性，时不时就有人违反常规，向我们提交一些奇怪的产品申请，例如固定在前额的信号灯、立方体的胡桃、用稻草和胶水制作的冰箱、没人能受得了的香水等。
有一次，有个人用不锈钢丝和绳子制作了一架三角形的直升飞机。他致电给我们，高兴地声称其确实牢固，而且方便使用，从不发生故障。我请他稍等，但这个天真的人挂了电话就开始从院子里起飞。我拨打他在电话簿上的号码试图回电给他，却无法接通。
仁慈的上帝保佑，一场突然降临的冻雨打湿了他的火药，使他造成的麻烦没有扩大，只是撞入一间水果店，把所有成熟的水果都压成一塌糊涂的果酱。当人们小心地抓住这个失去理智的人，轻轻拍打他的脸使他清醒过来时，他还在抱怨糟糕的坏天气，却没有将他的失败与他不科学的设计联系起来。

1．merciful (adj.) 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→merciless (adj.) 残忍的；无情的→mercy (n.) 宽大；仁慈
2．convenient (adj.) 便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience (n.) 便利；方便→inconvenient (反义词) (adj.) 不方便的；引起麻烦的
3．caution (n.) 小心；谨慎→cautious (adj.) 小心的；谨慎的→cautiously (adv.) 小心地；谨慎地
4．passive (adj.) 被动的；消极的；被动语态的→active (反义词) (adj.) 积极的
5．criterion (n.) (评判的)标准；尺度→criteria (pl.) 标准
6．freezing (adj.) 冰冻的；严寒的→frozen (adj.) 冷冻的；结冰的→freeze (vi.) 冰冻；结冰　(vt.) 使……冻住，使……结冰
7．innocent (adj.) 清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence (n.) 天真；清白
8．recognition (n.) 认出；认可；承认→recognize (vt.) 认出，识别；承认
9．occasionally (adv.) 偶然地；不时地→occasional (adj.) 偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的→occasion (n.) 时机，机会；场合
10．current (n.) (水或气)流；电流　(adj.) 现在的；当前的→currently (adv.) 现时；当前→currency (n.) 通货；货币；流行；通用
11．practical (adj.) 实际的；实践的；实用的→impractical (反义词)(adj.) 不切实际的；不现实的→practise (v.) 练习→practice (n.) 练习；实践
重点知识分钟

distinguish vi.& vt. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别(P20)
单句语法填空
①There is something about music that distinguishes it ________ all other art forms.
②The Town Hall completed in the 1800s was the most ________ (distinguish) building at that time.
③The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have ________ (distinguish) right from wrong.
答案：①from　②distinguished　③distinguishing
(1)distinguish ... from ... 把……与……区分开来
distinguish between A and B 区分A与B
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的；著名的

expectation n. 预料；期待；期望(P21)
(1)单句语法填空
①The beauties of the West Lake in spring were ________ his expectation.
②Many students graduate from college in the expectation ________ they can soon find jobs in accordance with their wishes.
③I'm determined to go all out to live up to my parents' ________ (expect)．
④Our defeat ________ (expect) but it was disappointing nevertheless.
答案：①beyond　②that　③expectations　④was expected　
(2)一句多译
人们怀着憧憬购置房产，期待其价格将继续强劲上涨。
①People buy a house __________________ its price will continue to rise strongly. (expectation)
②People buy a house ________________ its price will continue to rise strongly.(expect)
答案：①in the expectation that　②expecting that
(1)beyond expectation 超出预期
live_up_to one's expectations 不辜负某人的期望
come_up_to/meet one's expectations 达到某人的期望
in the expectation that ... 期望着……
(2)expect vt.& vi. 期望；预料；预计
expect sth./to do sth./that ... 期望某事/期望做某事/期望……
be expected to do ... 被期望/有望做……
expect sb. to do ... 期望某人做……
(3)unexpected adj. 未预料到的

bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担；带有；显示(标记或特征)；生(孩子)(P24)
单句写作
①水能载舟，亦能覆舟。
The water that ________________ is the same that swallows it up.
②我无法忍受年轻人虚掷光阴。
I can't ____________________ their youth.
③记住：成功来自于努力。
________________ that success comes from hard work.
④肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。
________________________， she has to work hard to bring up her children.
答案：①bears the boat　②bear young people casting away　③Bear in mind　④Bearing a heavy burden
(1)can't_bear to do sth./doing sth. 不能忍受做某事
(2)bear/keep in mind that ... ＝bear/keep ... in mind 记住……
(3)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担
bear the responsibility/blame 承担/负有责任
[名师点津]　(1)bear表示“容忍；忍耐”时多与can/could连用，且多用于否定句和疑问句中。
(2)bear的过去式和过去分词分别为bore, borne。

associate vt. 联想；联系　n. 同事；伙伴(P26)
(1)单句语法填空
①I always associate the smell of those flowers ________ my childhood.
②We are working in ________ (associate) with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.
③Through science we've got the idea of ________ (associate) progress with the future.
④Many words ________ (associate) with life in the West are Spanish in origin.
答案：①with　②association　③associating　④associated
(2)一句多译
我们必须把这两方面考虑进去，它们都关系到学生们的安全。
①We must take the two aspects into consideration, ________________________ the safety of the students. (定语从句)
②We must take the two aspects into consideration, ________________________ the safety of the students. (独立主格)
答案：①both of which are associated with　②both of them associated with
(1)associate sb./sth. with sb./sth. 把某人/某事和某人/某事联系在一起；由某人/某事联想到某人/某事
be associated_with ... 和……有关
associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道
(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
in_association_with ... 与……合伙/合作；与……相联系
(3)associated adj. 关联的；联合的

call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起(P20)
用call相关短语的适当形式填空
①They decided to ____________ a doctor because the child was not any better.
②This is a problem that ____________ an immediate solution.
③The boy on watch started ____________ when he saw somebody approaching.
④He had to ____________ the meeting because of the bad weather.
⑤This picture ____________ my memories of the amusing experience.
⑥We ____________ our new neighbour's last week.
答案：①call in　②calls for　③calling out　④call off　⑤calls/called up　⑥called at

get through 接通电话；(设法)做完；通过；度过；熬过；用完(P26)
(1)写出下列句中get through的含义
①I think you can get through the exercises of the first two chapters.________
②I couldn't get through to her because her phone was busy all day.________
③She found writing helped her get through the rough days.________
④Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off.________
⑤The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.________
答案：①(设法)做完　②打通电话　③度过，熬过　④通过　⑤用完
(2)用get相关短语的适当形式填空
①We all hope that he can ____________ the freezing winter and get better.
②He has never really ____________ the loss of his wife.
③It's time you ____________ some practice or the other students will leave you behind.
④He's not very good at ________ his ideas ________.
答案：①get through　②get over　③should get/got down to　④getting; across
(1)get across 传达；解释清楚
get along/on_with sb.与某人相处融洽
get away_with sth.携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚
get down_to sth./doing sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事
get over 克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来
(2)go through经历；检查
look through 浏览；仔细查看
live through经历(艰难或险境)

Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.(P25)
(1)单句语法填空
①Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
②Please call me up before you come, ________ we might be out.
③________ (follow) the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.
④________ (check) my composition again, I found some spelling mistakes.
答案：①and　②otherwise/or else/or　③To follow　④Checking
(2)一句多译
帮我一个忙，我会感激你的。
①________________， and I will be grateful to you.(祈使句)
②____________________， I will be grateful to you. (if条件句)
答案：①Do me a favour　②If you do me a favour
本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。
这个祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。“祈使句＋连词＋陈述句”的其他形式为：
(1)“祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句”结构。
(2)“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”结构(名词短语中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等词)。
(3)“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”结构，or表示“否则；要不然的话”，or可用or else或otherwise替换，从反面来预测结果。
[名师点津]　此句型容易和分词作状语混淆，试比较：
(1)Follow the road round to the right and you'll find his house.(祈使句)
(2)Following the road round to the right, she found his house.(分词作状语)
课文语法填空分钟
When the writer called up her mother in the countryside on the telephone, she __1__ (learn) that snakes came near the house and that the snakes seemed to have made their home near their house. __2__ (hear) this, the writer felt very proud and considered it a chance for her to distinguish __3__ (she) by inventing something merciful __4__ would catch snakes but not harm them.
She set about __5__ (research) the habits of snakes in order to find the easiest way __6__ (trap) them. She decided to cool them so that they could be __7__ (easy) caught. However, her first two plans were not successful. She clearly realized that she needed to improve her design again. As a result, she succeeded at __8__ third attempt. She was __9__ delighted that she was determined to send her __10__ (invent) to the patent office to became an inventor. However, only after she has had that recognition can we say that she is truly an inventor. For her, it's a matter of waiting and hoping.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
6．________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.learned/learnt　2.Hearing　3.herself　4.that　5.researching　6.to trap　7.easily　8.the　9.so　10.invention

▲decide to do ... ＝ be determined to do ... 意为“决定去做……”。
▲so that ... 与so ... that ... 的区别：so that多用来引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that；而so ... that ... 中，so用来修饰形容词或副词，that从句为结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”
▲“only＋状语”位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装形式。此处状语包括状语从句、介词短语、副词。需要特别注意的是：“only＋主语”位于句首时不倒装。
▲it's a matter of ... 这是……的问题
随堂检测分钟
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He called me ________ to tell me about it.
答案：up
2．Read this story, ________ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
答案：and
3．Colour­blind people often find it difficult to distinguish ________ blue and green.
答案：between
4．I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ________ (recognize)．
答案：recognition
5．Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set ________ preparing your business plan.
答案：about
6．If you have to catch the first bus every day, choose this hotel. ________ is very convenient for the station—it's only a two­minute walk.
答案：It
7．He couldn't bear ________ (bother) by the loud noise from the stores and the lights on the street, so he moved on.
答案：being bothered/to be bothered
8．Having made the plan, she set out ________ (do) the experiment.
答案：to do
9．Sorry, there is nobody here with that name. You must ________ (dial) the wrong number.
答案：have dialled
10．Those always ________ (associate) money with happiness may never feel happy, for they are never content.
答案：associating
Ⅱ.教材微写作
A．根据提示完成句子
1．David是一个谨慎而成功的商人，他的一项新产品获得了专利。(cautious; patent)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
答案：David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product.
2．令他高兴的是这款产品很畅销，但是后来他发现产品没有达到标准。(criteria)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
答案：Much to his delight, this product sold well, but later he found his product didn't live up to the criteria.
3．他没有气馁，而是抓住一切机会改善产品。(improve)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
答案：He didn't lose heart but seized every chance to improve the product.
4．他希望自己的产品能最终经受得住市场的考验。(expect)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
答案：He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market.
5．最终，在自己的努力下，他获得了巨大的成功，自己的收入稳定增长。(stable)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
答案：Eventually, it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.
B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范

答案：David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. Much to his delight, this product sold well, but later he found his product didn't live up to the criteria. However, he didn't lose heart but seized every chance to improve it. He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. Eventually, it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.
单元拓能训练
单元话题写作——应用文

假定你是李华，你校将于4月26日“世界知识产权日”(The World Intellectual Property Day)举办一次以“科技让校园生活更美好”(Science Makes Life Better on Campus)为主题的创意作品展。请你写封邮件，邀请美国交换生Henry参与展评活动。内容包括：
1．目的：尊重知识、崇尚科学；
2．展评时间、地点、内容；
3．报名方式及截止日期。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．邮件格式已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Henry，

Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Henry，
I'm delighted to tell you that our school is going to hold an exhibition that focuses on the theme “Science Makes Life Better on Campus”. So I am writing to invite you to join in it.
The exhibition will take place in our school art gallery on April 26th, the World Intellectual Property Day, aiming to encourage students to respect knowledge and advocate science. Everyone present will feel amazed to see lots of fantastic creative works from us students. I feel that you would have something unique to display in this exhibition. If you want to have a go, you are required to register through the school's official website by April 1st.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua