第一编选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions学案含解析.doc

Unit 3Inventors and inventions晨背分钟 填词并背记Strange Patent Applications I set_about working in the current Patent Office after resigning from the court personnel. Competent and dynamic,_I never feel passive while diving_into the identifications of whether applications are valid and practical according to the new version of the criteria.With the expectation of distinguishing their own importance, some people leave the beaten_track and file strange products with us now_and_then,_for example, lantern that can be attached on your forehead,_cubic walnuts,_refrigerator made of straw and glue,_perfume that nobody can bear to smell, and so on. Once, a man made a triangle helicopter out of stainless wires and string. He called us up and merrily claimed it was stable and convenient to use, and never out_of_order. I asked him to hang_on,_but this innocent man just rang_off and set_out to fly from his courtyard. I dialed his number in the directory trying to ring_him_back,_but never got_through. Merciful God blessing, an abrupt freezing rainfall made his powder wet. Luckily, the trouble was without any extension except that he crashed into a greengrocers making all the ripe fruits become messy jam. When people seized this crazy man with caution and sobered him by tapping his face, he complained about the bad weather instead of associating his failure with his unscientific design. 奇怪的专利申请从法院人事部辞职后，我开始在现在的专利局工作。我工作起来既称职又有活力，我投身于根据新版的申请标准鉴定专利申请的工作，避免无效或不实用的专利出现，在工作过程中我从未感觉到消极没劲。为了突出自己的重要性，时不时就有人违反常规，向我们提交一些奇怪的产品申请，例如固定在前额的信号灯、立方体的胡桃、用稻草和胶水制作的冰箱、没人能受得了的香水等。有一次，有个人用不锈钢丝和绳子制作了一架三角形的直升飞机。他致电给我们，高兴地声称其确实牢固，而且方便使用，从不发生故障。我请他稍等，但这个天真的人挂了电话就开始从院子里起飞。我拨打他在电话簿上的号码试图回电给他，却无法接通。仁慈的上帝保佑，一场突然降临的冻雨打湿了他的火药，使他造成的麻烦没有扩大，只是撞入一间水果店，把所有成熟的水果都压成一塌糊涂的果酱。当人们小心地抓住这个失去理智的人，轻轻拍打他的脸使他清醒过来时，他还在抱怨糟糕的坏天气，却没有将他的失败与他不科学的设计联系起来。1merciful (adj.) 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的merciless (adj.) 残忍的；无情的mercy (n.) 宽大；仁慈2convenient (adj.) 便利的；方便的；就近的convenience (n.) 便利；方便inconvenient (反义词) (adj.) 不方便的；引起麻烦的3caution (n.) 小心；谨慎cautious (adj.) 小心的；谨慎的cautiously (adv.) 小心地；谨慎地4passive (adj.) 被动的；消极的；被动语态的active (反义词) (adj.) 积极的5criterion (n.) (评判的)标准；尺度criteria (pl.) 标准6freezing (adj.) 冰冻的；严寒的frozen (adj.) 冷冻的；结冰的freeze (vi.) 冰冻；结冰(vt.) 使冻住，使结冰7innocent (adj.) 清白的；无罪的；天真的innocence (n.) 天真；清白8recognition (n.) 认出；认可；承认recognize (vt.) 认出，识别；承认9occasionally (adv.) 偶然地；不时地occasional (adj.) 偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的occasion (n.) 时机，机会；场合10current (n.) (水或气)流；电流(adj.) 现在的；当前的currently (adv.) 现时；当前currency (n.) 通货；货币；流行；通用11practical (adj.) 实际的；实践的；实用的impractical (反义词)(adj.) 不切实际的；不现实的practise (v.) 练习practice (n.) 练习；实践重点知识分钟distinguish vi.& vt. 显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别(P20)单句语法填空There is something about music that distinguishes it _ all other art forms.The Town Hall completed in the 1800s was the most _ (distinguish) building at that time.The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _ (distinguish) right from wrong.答案：fromdistinguisheddistinguishing(1)distinguish . from . 把与区分开来distinguish between A and B 区分A与B(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的；著名的expectation n. 预料；期待；期望(P21)(1)单句语法填空The beauties of the West Lake in spring were _ his expectation.Many students graduate from college in the expectation _ they can soon find jobs in accordance with their wishes.Im determined to go all out to live up to my parents _ (expect)Our defeat _ (expect) but it was disappointing nevertheless.答案：beyondthatexpectationswas expected(2)一句多译人们怀着憧憬购置房产，期待其价格将继续强劲上涨。People buy a house _ its price will continue to rise strongly. (expectation)People buy a house _ its price will continue to rise strongly.(expect)答案：in the expectation thatexpecting that(1)beyond expectation 超出预期live_up_to ones expectations 不辜负某人的期望come_up_to/meet ones expectations 达到某人的期望in the expectation that . 期望着(2)expect vt.& vi. 期望；预料；预计expect sth./to do sth./that . 期望某事/期望做某事/期望be expected to do . 被期望/有望做expect sb. to do . 期望某人做(3)unexpected adj. 未预料到的bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担；带有；显示(标记或特征)；生(孩子)(P24)单句写作水能载舟，亦能覆舟。The water that _ is the same that swallows it up.我无法忍受年轻人虚掷光阴。I cant _ their youth.记住：成功来自于努力。_ that success comes from hard work.肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。_， she has to work hard to bring up her children.答案：bears the boatbear young people casting awayBear in mindBearing a heavy burden(1)cant_bear to do sth./doing sth. 不能忍受做某事(2)bear/keep in mind that . bear/keep . in mind 记住(3)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担bear the responsibility/blame 承担/负有责任名师点津(1)bear表示“容忍；忍耐”时多与can/could连用，且多用于否定句和疑问句中。(2)bear的过去式和过去分词分别为bore, borne。associate vt. 联想；联系n. 同事；伙伴(P26)(1)单句语法填空I always associate the smell of those flowers _ my childhood.We are working in _ (associate) with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.Through science weve got the idea of _ (associate) progress with the future.Many words _ (associate) with life in the West are Spanish in origin.答案：withassociationassociatingassociated(2)一句多译我们必须把这两方面考虑进去，它们都关系到学生们的安全。We must take the two aspects into consideration, _ the safety of the students. (定语从句)We must take the two aspects into consideration, _ the safety of the students. (独立主格)答案：both of which are associated withboth of them associated with(1)associate sb./sth. with sb./sth. 把某人/某事和某人/某事联系在一起；由某人/某事联想到某人/某事be associated_with . 和有关associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体in_association_with . 与合伙/合作；与相联系(3)associated adj. 关联的；联合的call up 给打电话；使回忆起(P20)用call相关短语的适当形式填空They decided to _ a doctor because the child was not any better.This is a problem that _ an immediate solution.The boy on watch started _ when he saw somebody approaching.He had to _ the meeting because of the bad weather.This picture _ my memories of the amusing experience.We _ our new neighbours last week.答案：call incalls forcalling outcall offcalls/called upcalled atget through 接通电话；(设法)做完；通过；度过；熬过；用完(P26)(1)写出下列句中get through的含义I think you can get through the exercises of the first two chapters._I couldnt get through to her because her phone was busy all day._She found writing helped her get through the rough days._Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off._The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more._答案：(设法)做完打通电话度过，熬过通过用完(2)用get相关短语的适当形式填空We all hope that he can _ the freezing winter and get better.He has never really _ the loss of his wife.Its time you _ some practice or the other students will leave you behind.Hes not very good at _ his ideas _.答案：get throughget overshould get/got down togetting; across(1)get across 传达；解释清楚get along/on_with sb.与某人相处融洽get away_with sth.携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚get down_to sth./doing sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事get over 克服(困难)；从中恢复过来(2)go through经历；检查look through 浏览；仔细查看live through经历(艰难或险境)Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.(P25)(1)单句语法填空Give me a chance, _ Ill give you a wonderful surprise.Please call me up before you come, _ we might be out._ (follow) the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him._ (check) my composition again, I found some spelling mistakes.答案：andotherwise/or else/orTo followChecking(2)一句多译帮我一个忙，我会感激你的。_， and I will be grateful to you.(祈使句)_， I will be grateful to you. (if条件句)答案：Do me a favourIf you do me a favour本句为“祈使句and陈述句”句型。这个祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。“祈使句连词陈述句”的其他形式为：(1)“祈使句破折号陈述句”结构。(2)“名词短语and陈述句”结构(名词短语中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等词)。(3)“祈使句or陈述句”结构，or表示“否则；要不然的话”，or可用or else或otherwise替换，从反面来预测结果。名师点津此句型容易和分词作状语混淆，试比较：(1)Follow the road round to the right and youll find his house.(祈使句)(2)Following the road round to the right, she found his house.(分词作状语)课文语法填空分钟When the writer called up her mother in the countryside on the telephone, she _1_ (learn) that snakes came near the house and that the snakes seemed to have made their home near their house. _2_ (hear) this, the writer felt very proud and considered it a chance for her to distinguish _3_ (she) by inventing something merciful _4_ would catch snakes but not harm them.She set about _5_ (research) the habits of snakes in order to find the easiest way _6_ (trap) them. She decided to cool them so that they could be _7_ (easy) caught. However, her first two plans were not successful. She clearly realized that she needed to improve her design again. As a result, she succeeded at _8_ third attempt. She was _9_ delighted that she was determined to send her _10_ (invent) to the patent office to became an inventor. However, only after she has had that recognition can we say that she is truly an inventor. For her, its a matter of waiting and hoping.1_2._3._4._5._6_7._8._9._10._答案：1.learned/learnt2.Hearing3.herself4.that5.researching6.to trap7.easily8.the9.so10.inventiondecide to do . be determined to do . 意为“决定去做”。so that . 与so . that . 的区别：so that多用来引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that；而so . that . 中，so用来修饰形容词或副词，that从句为结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”“only状语”位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装形式。此处状语包括状语从句、介词短语、副词。需要特别注意的是：“only主语”位于句首时不倒装。its a matter of . 这是的问题随堂检测分钟.单句语法填空1He called me _ to tell me about it.答案：up2Read this story, _ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.答案：and3Colourblind people often find it difficult to distinguish _ blue and green.答案：between4I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _ (recognize)答案：recognition5Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set _ preparing your business plan.答案：about6If you have to catch the first bus every day, choose this hotel. _ is very convenient for the stationits only a twominute walk.答案：It7He couldnt bear _ (bother) by the loud noise from the stores and the lights on the street, so he moved on.答案：being bothered/to be bothered8Having made the plan, she set out _ (do) the experiment.答案：to do9Sorry, there is nobody here with that name. You must _ (dial) the wrong number.答案：have dialled10Those always _ (associate) money with happiness may never feel happy, for they are never content.答案：associating.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1David是一个谨慎而成功的商人，他的一项新产品获得了专利。(cautious; patent)_答案：David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product.2令他高兴的是这款产品很畅销，但是后来他发现产品没有达到标准。(criteria)_答案：Much to his delight, this product sold well, but later he found his product didnt live up to the criteria.3他没有气馁，而是抓住一切机会改善产品。(improve)_答案：He didnt lose heart but seized every chance to improve the product.4他希望自己的产品能最终经受得住市场的考验。(expect)_答案：He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market.5最终，在自己的努力下，他获得了巨大的成功，自己的收入稳定增长。(stable)_答案：Eventually, it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. Much to his delight, this product sold well, but later he found his product didnt live up to the criteria. However, he didnt lose heart but seized every chance to improve it. He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. Eventually, it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.单元拓能训练单元话题写作应用文假定你是李华，你校将于4月26日“世界知识产权日”(The World Intellectual Property Day)举办一次以“科技让校园生活更美好”(Science Makes Life Better on Campus)为主题的创意作品展。请你写封邮件，邀请美国交换生Henry参与展评活动。内容包括：1目的：尊重知识、崇尚科学；2展评时间、地点、内容；3报名方式及截止日期。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3邮件格式已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Henry， Yours，Li Hua精彩范文Dear Henry，Im delighted to tell you that our school is going to hold an exhibition that focuses on the theme “Science Makes Life Better on Campus”. So I am writing to invite you to join in it.The exhibition will take place in our school art gallery on April 26th, the World Intellectual Property Day, aiming to encourage students to respect knowledge and advocate science. Everyone present will feel amazed to see lots of fantastic creative works from us students. I feel that you would have something unique to display in this exhibition. If you want to have a go, you are required to register through the schools official website by April 1st.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua