英语短文改错省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

高考短文改错高考短文改错题型剖析与解题策略题型剖析与解题策略第1页Outline一、高考试题分析一、高考试题分析 二、考情分析二、考情分析三、真题点睛三、真题点睛四、备考策略四、备考策略第2页一提升高度看高考一提升高度看高考高考英语试卷基于英语学科必备知识，关键能力，学科素养及关键价值要求，恰当选材，巧妙设问，不但全方面考查学生听说读写等关键能力，还渗透学生人文底蕴，交际能力，思辨精神和学习能力等学科素养要求。知识立意-能力立意-素养立意第3页语言能力语言能力文化品格文化品格学习能力学习能力思维品质思维品质英语关键素养英语关键素养综合语言利用能力国际视野祖国意识合作精神自信意志动机兴趣语言知识话题功效语法词汇语音语言技能听 说 读 写学习策略资源策略交际策略调控策略认知策略文化意识文化知识文化了解跨文化交际意识和能力情感态度英语课程目标英语课程目标第4页二二.高考英语短文改错特点高考英语短文改错特点“短文改错短文改错”是集语法知识与语言技能为一体综合性英是集语法知识与语言技能为一体综合性英语试题，意在考查学生语试题，意在考查学生在阅读了解基础上在阅读了解基础上发觉并纠正短文发觉并纠正短文中中词法，句法，时态，固定搭配和行文逻辑词法，句法，时态，固定搭配和行文逻辑等不一样类型等不一样类型错误能力错误能力，尤其是考查学生使用英语熟练程度。尤其是考查学生使用英语熟练程度。近近几几年年高高考考多多以以记记叙叙文文，说说明明文文展展现现，对对语语言言评评价价与与校校正正能力以及对能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇词汇、语法和语篇三要素把握能力。三要素把握能力。1 1、题题目目普普通通都都设设计计得得比比较较灵灵活活，知知识识覆覆盖盖面面广广，短短文文改改错考点可分为三类：错考点可分为三类：词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑错误。词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑错误。2 2、改错考点分布含有、改错考点分布含有平均分布平均分布规律。规律。3 3、错误形式分别为缺词、多词和错词，改错词是最主要、错误形式分别为缺词、多词和错词，改错词是最主要形式，是考查重点。形式，是考查重点。第5页近几年高考短文改错考点分布近几年高考短文改错考点分布 年份 考点全国I 全国II全国I全国II全国 安庆二模谓语232131非谓语010101从句引导词210111形容词，副词103223名词 111101介词101111代词120110冠词111111并列连词，上下文连接词 111111数词001000第6页词汇考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词，包括到词法、句法、词汇考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词，包括到词法、句法、上下文语境和搭配以及行文逻辑等方面错误。上下文语境和搭配以及行文逻辑等方面错误。实词以改变形式为标准实词以改变形式为标准;虚词以添加或删除为标准；以保虚词以添加或删除为标准；以保持原意不变为标准持原意不变为标准;以改动最小为标准以改动最小为标准;一个句子（以句号一个句子（以句号为单位）出现错误为单位）出现错误不超出不超出2个为标准个为标准 修改：增加：删除修改：增加：删除 8:1:1(8:1:1(常见标准常见标准)第7页四高考短文改错题型剖析与解题策略四高考短文改错题型剖析与解题策略考点考点1：谓语：谓语 时态时态 语态语态 情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形时态命题特点及更正方法：时态命题特点及更正方法：常见现在时与过去时误用，句中普通没有时间状常见现在时与过去时误用，句中普通没有时间状语。每年考率约语。每年考率约100%100%。要注意联络上下文，。要注意联络上下文，着眼着眼于整个语篇时态于整个语篇时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时；或者通常整篇都是现在，突然一句子用现在时；或者通常整篇都是现在，突然一个句子用过去时。其中又以普通现在时和过去时个句子用过去时。其中又以普通现在时和过去时互改为多。互改为多。第8页考情分析：考情分析：(全国新课标I)When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city.I think I would thought(时态不一致)be happy there.(年全国新课标I)some people even had to wait outside.My uncle tells me that have(整篇文章都用是现在语境，考查时态不一致)the key to his success is honest.(年全国新课标III)However,my parents didnt seem to think such.They always tell told(作者这几句是在回想13到19岁那几年事，语境在过去，考查时态不一致）me what to do and how to do it.(20全国I)once I started the car,my mind goes blank.I forgot what he had said to me.went (整篇文章说是18岁生日前那个暑假上驾驶课事，语境在过去，故要用普通过去时。考查时态不一致)第9页（全国II）When summer came,they will invite their students pick the comes (文章整个语境说是现在普通情况，故需要用现在时)fresh vegetables!（2017全国卷III）About one mouth after this photo was took,taken (考查被动语态，组成谓语分词）I entered my second year of high school and become a new became (语境说是过去故事，故此处要用普通过去时)member of the school music club.（年安庆二模）if you met a question when reading,you can immediate.meet(本文说明文整个语境是现在,而且是条件状语从句中)第10页语态及其它情况：语态及其它情况：(全国新课标I)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become.(全国新课标I)We must found ways to protect your environment.find(情态动词后接动词原形)(年全国新课标I)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.used（被动语态）(年全国新课标II)We can chose between staying at home and choose（情态动词后用动词原形）(年全国新课标II)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby can 或should（表示提议要求命令内容宾从谓语需用特殊形式 should+动词原形，其should也可省略掉）第11页(全国I)”speed up!”“slow down”“Turning left!”I was so.Turn (祈使句开头用动词原形，是祈使句谓语，也可依据并列意识)第12页考点考点2：非谓语动词（高考考查率约：非谓语动词（高考考查率约100%)）命题特点及更正方法：命题特点及更正方法：1 1）谓语动词谓语动词和和非谓语动词非谓语动词错用；错用；2 2）动词不定式动词不定式和和动名词动名词错用；错用；3 3）现在分词现在分词和和过去分词过去分词错用等。错用等。第13页考情分析：考情分析：（全国新课标II）After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around looking(谓语与非谓语错用)(年全国新课标II)We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.taking(介词between宾语，和前面staying并列，也可用并列思维处理此题)（年全国新课标III）I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.wearing(介词by宾语，需用动名词)第14页（全国II）they will invite their students pick the to(考动词不定式少to)fresh vegetables（年安庆二模）Secondly,their colors will change depend on how depending（分词做状语，需借助句法理论）the surroundings change 第15页考点考点3 3：三大类从句引导词：三大类从句引导词 (高考考查率约高考考查率约85%)85%)命题特点及更正方法：命题特点及更正方法：句子结构方面错误主要包括，句子结构方面错误主要包括，句法，句子成份和句法，句子成份和复合句关联词复合句关联词等。等。解答这类题从以下方面来思索：解答这类题从以下方面来思索：1 1）句子结构句子结构是否完整，是否完整，成份成份是否冗缺；是否冗缺；2 2）复合句中连接主句和从句）复合句中连接主句和从句关系词关系词或或连接词连接词是否是否得当等。得当等。第16页考情分析：考情分析：（全国新课标I）My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.where(介词宾语从句引导词，分析句子成份同时需考虑语义)（全国新课标II）My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.what(介词宾语从句引导词，分析句子成份同时需考虑语义)(年全国新课标II）In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop which (考查非限制性定从引导词)of their house.第17页(全国新课标III）Around me in this/the picture are the things they were that/which (从句法句子成份角度考查定语从句)very important in my life at the time（年安庆二模）I think the books will be quite different from that they what (介词宾语从句引导词，分析从句成份)are now.第18页考点考点4 4：形容词和副词：形容词和副词(高考考查率几乎高考考查率几乎100%)100%)命题特点及更正方法：命题特点及更正方法：主要考查主要考查形容词和副词误用、形容词及副词比较形容词和副词误用、形容词及副词比较级等。级等。1 1）依据）依据adj.adj.或或adv.adv.基本使用方法确定错误；基本使用方法确定错误；2 2）修饰名词用形容词，系表结构用形容词；）修饰名词用形容词，系表结构用形容词；3 3）修饰行为动词、形容词、）修饰行为动词、形容词、副词过去分词及整副词过去分词及整个句子用副词，在句首用副词。个句子用副词，在句首用副词。第19页考情分析：考情分析：（全国新课标I）global warming has already become a very seriously problem.serious(修饰名词需用形容词)（全国新课标II）Dad and I were terrible worried.terribly(修饰形容词需用副词)（年全国新课标I）he hopes that our business will grow steady.steadily（修饰行为动词需用副词）（年全国新课标III）They were also the best and worse years in my life.worst（最高级，可用并列意识做题，worst和best并列）so I hoped I could be freely from them.free(用做表语需用形容词，习惯搭配be free from)第20页（全国新课标I）A few minutes late,the instructor asked me to stop the car.later(近似副词误用)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle sudden(词性考查：修饰名词需用形容词)（全国新课标II）In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables interested(v-ed 与v-ing 这类形容词误用)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.early(副词原级与比较级)第21页（全国新课标III）I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and different(词性考查)planes,playing pop music,and collecting the late music albumslatest(原级与最高级，此题因词义不一样也可用习惯搭配使用方法来做题)（年安庆二模）you can immediate get an answer by“talking”immediately(词性考查：修饰动词需用副词)with the book.第22页考点考点5：名词：名词(高考考查率几乎高考考查率几乎100%)命题特点命题特点:原来用复数原来用复数,却用单数；原来用单数，却用单数；原来用单数，却用复数。却用复数。更正方法更正方法:(1):(1)依据名词前修饰限定成份依据名词前修饰限定成份 (2)(2)依据上下文逻辑关系依据上下文逻辑关系.第23页考情分析：考情分析：(全国新课标I)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.air(可数名词与不可数名词)(年全国新课标I)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.honesty(词性考查)(年全国新课标II).and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.knowledge(可数与不可数)(年全国新课标III)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time years(单复数：依据上下文语义)for me.第24页(全国新课标I)The instructor kept repeating the word,“Speed up!”“Slow down”.words(单复数，上下文行文逻辑)(全国新课标II)they often get some useful informations from the Internet.information(可数与不可数)(年安庆二模)how the surroundings change,which will be good for eye.eyes (单复数，依据语义词义)第25页考点考点6 6：代词：代词命题特点：命题特点：1.1.男女性代词用反；男女性代词用反；2.2.单数指代复数；单数指代复数；3.3.代词词性用错；代词词性用错；4.4.缺乏人称代词。缺乏人称代词。5 5除了人称代词，还有学生易错惯用不定代词之除了人称代词，还有学生易错惯用不定代词之类考查类考查依据依据上下文逻辑关系以及人称代词数和格一致上下文逻辑关系以及人称代词数和格一致问问题题.第26页考情分析考情分析：（全国新课标I）Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steady his(代词人称用错，依据上下文)（全国新课标II）If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view and our(人称用错，上下文行文逻辑)It does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot.much(相同不定代词考查)（全国新课标III）I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.myself (反身代词人称用错，依据上下文)but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.I(分析句子成份，缺乏人称代词)第27页（全国新课标II）Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.Both/all（全国新课标III）This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.my(人称用错，依据上下文逻辑)第28页考点考点7 7：并列连词（并列结构，并列句）：并列连词（并列结构，并列句）,上下文连上下文连接词（副词）接词（副词）命题特点：命题特点：主要考查主要考查andand、oror、butbut、soso等并列连词误用等并列连词误用。更正方法：更正方法：1 1）依据句意确定错误；）依据句意确定错误；2 2）依据句子上下文逻辑关系确定错误。）依据句子上下文逻辑关系确定错误。第29页考情分析：考情分析：（全国新课标I）There the air is clean or the mountains are green.and（年全国新课标I）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high andquality oil are using for cooking.(年全国新课标II）If we stay at home,it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.and(20全国新课标I)Before getting into the car,I thought I had learnt the instructors orders,so once I started the car,my mind goes blank.but/yet 第30页(全国新课标III)I had grown not only physically,and also mentally in the but(not onlybut also)past few years.(年安庆二模)they will look like the pads today,but their sizes will and/sobe changeable,too.第31页考点考点7 7 冠词冠词命题特点及更正方法：命题特点及更正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1 1）不定冠词）不定冠词a a和和anan互改；互改；2 2）不定冠词）不定冠词a a或或anan和定冠词和定冠词thethe互改；互改；3 3）依据需要增删冠词。）依据需要增删冠词。第32页考情分析：考情分析：（全国新课标I）he never dreams of becoming rich in the short aperiod of time.（年全国新课标I）I still remember how hard first day was.the/my(20安庆二模)In word,I think books in the future will be a(固定搭配）more useful第33页考点考点8 8 介词介词 数词等数词等(习惯使用方法，单个介词习惯使用方法，单个介词惯用意义等惯用意义等)考情分析：（全国新课标I）he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.of （年全国新课标I）In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,I took eighteenthIt was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.Of（年全国新课标II）They have also bought for some gardening tools.(20安庆二模)Id like to share my ideas about books in the future to you.with第34页全国卷IIn the summer holiday following my In the summer holiday following my eighteeneighteen birthday.I birthday.I eighteentheighteenthtook driving lessons.I still remember how hard took driving lessons.I still remember how hard first first my/themy/theday was.Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the day was.Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructors orders,instructors orders,soso once I started the car,once I started the car,but/yet but/yet my mind my mind goesgoes blank.I forgot what he had said to me blank.I forgot what he had said to me went went altogether.The instructor kept repeating the altogether.The instructor kept repeating the wordword,“Speed,“Speed words words up!”“Slow down!”“up!”“Slow down!”“TurningTurning left!”I was so left!”I was so much much Turn Turn nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A few nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A few minutes minutes latelate,the instructor asked me to stop the car.It was a,the instructor asked me to stop the car.It was a laterlater relief and I came to a relief and I came to a suddenlysuddenly stop just in the middle stop just in the middle onon the the road.road.sudden ofsudden of第35页安庆二模 Good morning,everyone.Id like to share my ideas about books in the Good morning,everyone.Id like to share my ideas about books in the futurefuture toto you.you.withwith I think the books will be quite different from I think the books will be quite different from thatthat they they whatwhatare now.First of all,they will look like the pads today.are now.First of all,they will look like the pads today.butbut their their and/soand/sosizes will be changeable,too.Secondly,their sizes will be changeable,too.Secondly,their colors will change colors will change dependdepend on how the surroundings change,on how the surroundings change,dependingdepending which will be good for which will be good for eyeeye.Whats more,they will be.Whats more,they will be veryvery eyeseyesmuch more practical.For example,if you much more practical.For example,if you met met a question a question meetmeetwhen reading,you canwhen reading,you can immediate immediate get an answer by“talking”get an answer by“talking”immediatelyimmediatelywith the book.In with the book.In word,I think books in the future will be more word,I think books in the future will be more a a useful and useful and interestedinterested.interestinginteresting Thats all.Thank you!Thats all.Thank you!第36页五高考英语短文改错题型解题口诀五高考英语短文改错题型解题口诀。通读全文，以句号为单位进行思索，一个句子最多通读全文，以句号为单位进行思索，一个句子最多2 2个错个错误，注意句子成份，句法，词性等误，注意句子成份，句法，词性等解题口诀解题口诀动词动词形，形，名词名词数；数；注意注意形形和和副副；非谓动词非谓动词细区分；细区分；习惯使用方法习惯使用方法要记住；要记住；句子成份句子成份多分析；多分析；逻辑错误逻辑错误须关注，须关注，冠词连词冠词连词常光临。常光临。.第37页