英语构词法合成法省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

GrammarGrammar构词法构词法(Word FormationWord Formation)第1页构词法构词法构词法：构词法：合成合成(Compounding)派生法派生法(Derivation)【前缀前缀/后缀后缀】转化法转化法(Conversion)【词性转换词性转换】第2页 chair+man chairman mother+land motherland class+room classroom super+market supermarket第3页-er（人）人）farmfarmer makemaker prisonprisoner designdesigner cookcooker postposter第4页facen.facev.bookn.bookv.parkn.parkv.第5页（1）合）合 成成 名名 词词组成方式例词例词名词名词weekend名词动词daybreak名词动名词handwriting名词及物动词erorpain-killer名词介词名词editor-in-chief动词名词typewriter动名词名词reading-room现在分词名词flying-fish形容词名词gentleman副词动词outbreak介词名词afternoon代词名词she-wolf合成词种类及构词方法合成词种类及构词方法第6页（2）合）合 成成 形形 容容 词词组成方式例词例词名词形容词snow-white名词现在分词English-speaking名词to名词face-to-face名词过去分词man-made数词名词one-way数词名词形容词two-year-old数词名词edfive-storeyed动词副词see-through形容词名词high-class合成词种类及构词方法合成词种类及构词方法形容词名词edabsent-minded形容词形容词light-blue形容词现在分词good-looking副词形容词ever-green副词现在分词hard-working副词过去分词well-known副词名词fast-food介词名词downhill第7页（3）合）合 成成 动动 词词组成方式例词例词名词动词sleep-walk形容词动词white-wash副词动词overthrow合成词种类及构词方法合成词种类及构词方法（4）合）合 成成 副副 词词组成方式例词例词形容词名词hotfoot形容词副词everywhere副词副词however介词名词beforehand介词副词forever（5）合）合 成成 代代 词词组成方式例词例词代词宾格selfherself物主代词selfmyself形容词名词anything（6）合）合 成成 介介 词词组成方式例词例词副词名词inside在里面介词副词within在之内副词介词into进入第8页复合形容词是由两个或两个以上词组成形容词，而且词与词之间通常有连词符号。通常在句中做定语。复合形容词组成方式有各种，复合形容词组成规律表达了知识之间融汇贯通。下面介绍两种复合形容词组成方式 第9页含有分词复合形容词1.peace-loving people=people who love peace 兴趣和平人2.fine-sounding words=words which sound fine 甜言蜜语3.soft-feeling materials=materials which feel soft 手感柔软面料4.good-looking gentleman=gentleman who looks good 仪表堂堂男士5.hard-working students=students who study hard刻苦读书学生6.hand-made goods=goods which were made by hand 手工制品7.heart-felt thanks=thanks which are felt by heart 衷心感激8.fast-developing industry=industry which develops fast 高速发展产业9.highly-developed countries=countries have developed highly 高度发达国家10.newly-arrived visitors=visitors who have arrived newly 刚才抵达参观者 第10页复合形容词中现在分词与名词之间含有动宾关系,语态上表示主动。作定语时相当于含有主谓宾关系定语从句，翻译时可采取倒译法。复合形容词中过去分词与名词之间含有主谓关系,语态上表示被动。作定语时相当于“过去分词+by/with somebody/something”翻译时可采取直译法。复合形容词组成中现在分词与过去分词区分第11页apeace-lovingnation=anationwhichlovespeace（一个兴趣和平民族）anEnglish-speakingcountry=acountrywhosepeoplespeakEnglish(一个说英语国家)。这种复合形容词中现在分词与名词之间含有动宾关系,语态上表示主动。作定语时相当于含有主谓宾关系定语从句，翻译时可采取倒译法。比如：第12页man-made人造snow-covered被雪覆盖air-filled充满空气2.名词过去分词第13页这种复合形容词中过去分词与名词之间含有主谓关系,语态上表示被动。作定语时相当于“过去分词+by/withsomebody/something”翻译时可采取直译法。man-made satellites=satellites made by manan air-filled bag=a bag filled with air第14页小试牛刀选择正确英文翻译：清洁鞋子服务A.shoe-cleaning serviceB.shoe-cleaned serviceA.a book filling roomB.a book-filled room一个放满书房间第15页种小麦省份手工作品wheat-growing provinceshand-made works暖心话语晒伤皮肤heart-warming wordssun-burnt skin英汉短语互译：省时机器time-saving machines 人为事故a man-caused accident第16页小试牛刀选择正确英文翻译：清洁鞋子服务A.shoe-cleaning serviceB.shoe-cleaned serviceA.a book filling roomB.a book-filled room一个放满书房间第17页种小麦省份手工作品wheat-growing provinceshand-made works暖心话语晒伤皮肤heart-warming wordssun-burnt skin英汉短语互译：省时机器time-saving machines 人为事故a man-caused accident第18页含有动名词复合形容词sleeping-pills 安眠药 =pills which are for sleeping waiting-room 候车室=room which is used for waiting reading-room 阅览室=room which is used for reading 动名词表用途第19页形容词/数词+名词+ed组成复合形容词cold-blooded animals=animals with cold blood 冷血动物a long-haired girl=a girl with long hair一个长发女孩儿a single-armed general=a general with one arm 一位独臂将军a three-legged chair=a chair with three legs.一把三条腿椅子注意：不能够使用名词复数担当定语，不能够说a three-legs chaira three-years-old girla three-year-old girl第20页