英语语法最基本规则省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

中国人尤其要切记英语语法最基本规则Tips specially for Chinese Learners第1页规则（）：两个动词是不能联在一起用。在汉字，我们常说“我是爱你”，翻成英文，这就变成了 I am love you.滑稽是，这句英文句子犯了大忌，因为am是动词，love也是动词，两个动词是不能联在一起用。这句话正确说法是：I love you.或者 I am in love with you.我们中国人也会说我喜欢看电视，翻成英文，这变成 I love watch television.第2页这个句子也犯了一样错以下几个句子都是错，因为这些句子中都有两个动词连在一起情形：I hate eat fish.I love play basketball.I love swim.假如你一定要讲“我爱游泳”，怎么办呢？请看以下规则。第3页规则（）：如一定要同时用两个动词，后者前面必须加“to”或者将后者加入“ing”。“我爱游泳”，所以有两种正确译法：I love to swim.I love swimming.以下句子都是正确：I hate to eat fish.I hate eating fish.I love to play basketball.I love playing basketballI keep going to church.第4页规则（）：主词假如是第三人称，现在式及单数，动词必须加s.我们中国人最不轻易记得规则，恐怕就是这一条了，以下句子都是错。He write very well.Jack love playing the violin.Mary swim every day.正确句子是：He writes very well.Jack loves playing the violin.Mary swims every day.第5页规则（）：绝大多数否定句子，不能直接加“not”。我们汉字对否定语气，规则极为简单，我们能够说“我不爱你”，不过我们不能说 I not love you.我们也不能说：I not saw that movie.I not like swimming.He not likes playing violin.我们必须用一个助动词来完成否定句子，以下才是正确否定句子：I do not love you.I did not see that movie.He does not like playing violin.第6页请注意，在以上句子中，do和did都是助动词，do是现在式，did是过去式。关于现在式和过去式，终究是怎么一回事，以后我们会解释清楚。助动词不限于“do”和它变型，can、will、would、shall、may、must等等都是助动词，所以，以下英文句子又都是正确：He can not swim.They will not go to church tomorrow.Mary should not go to the party.I shall not see you.He may not go out tonight.He must not eat meat any more.第7页规则（）：在不定词“to”后面，必须用原形动词英文中动词，是会改变，以have为例，第一人称和第三人就不一样：I have a dog.He has a dog.假如是过去式，动词又要改变。have过去式是had，不论第几人称，一概都要用had。几乎每一个英文动词过去式都有改变，以下是几个例子：现在式 过去式Go wentCome cameEat atePlay playedSwim swam第8页不论那一个动词，都有一个原形动词，一切都是从这个原形动词变出来，像go、drink、have、walk、love、like等等都是原形动词。假如我们有必要要用不定词to，就必须用原形动词，比如to go、to drink、to have，都是正确，to went；to drank；to loved等等都是错。英文中有一个动词最为麻烦，那就是am、are、is、was、were等等，翻译成汉字，这都是，而这些动词起源都是be，所以我们说这些动词都是verb to be。以下句子都用上了beI want to be a teacher.He wants to be a good father.They all love to be rich.No one likes to be poor.第9页规则（）：英文中有所谓助动词。必须注意英文中有很多动词都是助词动，在规则（）中，我们说在绝大多数否定语句中，必须用助动词do或did。Do是原形动词，did 和does都是do变形。除了do是助动词以外，can、may、might、will、would、must也都是助动词。以上所提到助动词，都有一个共同特色，那就是这些助动词后动词必须是原形动词，以下句子都是正确：He can swim.He does not swim.I do not speak English.You must walk to work every day.I did not work yesterday.You may leave now.I will go to Taipei tomorrow.第10页以下句子都是错：I did not went.He does not goes to work.You must walked to work.除了以上助动词以外，还有一个非常特殊助动词，那就是have，在这个助动词后面，动词绝对不能用原形动词，以下是用这个助动词例子：I have been to England.I have slept all day.I have studied English since I was a child.been、slept 和studied都是过去分词（past participle），以下句子也都是现在完成式，我们后讨论完成式时候，会将这些解释清楚。第11页规则（）：英文问句要有助动词我们先看看以下英文句子，这些都是错：Why you drink so much water?How many books you wrote？How many sons you have？正确句子是：Why do you drink so much water？How many books did you write？How many sons do you have？第12页绝大多数英文问句子是一定要有助动词，以下全是正确英文问句，你能够看出每一句助动词吗？Do you love me？Did you go to school yesterday？How many books do you have？How much money does he have？Why dont you go back home？Do you like to swim？Can you play violin？Will you go home tomorrow？Would you give me a call？第13页当然啦，一旦动词是verb to be，我们又不需要助动词了，以下都是正确英文问句：Are you a teacher?Is he a student?Is Mr.Chang your father?Were your mother and father in England last year?第14页规则（）：特殊动词随主词改变英文中，有些动词因主词不一样而改变，verb to be是其中之一，所以，我们必须记得以下规则：第一人称第二人称第三人称现在式单数I amYou are（He，She，It）is复数We areYou areThey are过去式单数I wasYou were（He，She，It）was复数We wereYou wereThey were第15页Verb to have也有类似改变：第一人称 第二人称第三人称现在式单数I haveYou have（He，She，It）has复数We haveYou haveThey have过去式单数I hadYou had（He，She，It）had复数We hadYou hadThey had第16页练习：以下句子都有错，请将正确句子写出来：1.I am like my parent.2.He is loves his teacher.3.He keeps swim every day.4.He wants drink a glass of water.5.He likes play violin.6.Jack do not love mathematics.7.Mary hate singing.8.My mother cook very good food.9.He want me to see him tomorrow.10.He not knows my name.11.I not like you.第17页12.He not like swimming.13.You not went home.14.I not like swimming.15.I wanted to went to my mothers home.16.I do not like to swimming.17.I did not ate dinner.18.I will not went home.19.He did not went home.20.You may leaving now.21.He can swimming.22.He does not goes to work.第18页