Text-I-a-world-empire-by-other-means自己商务综合英语王立非主编省.pptx

Text I A World Empire by Other Means 第1页AworldempirebyothermeansDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IA World Empire by Other MeansWhat does world empire refer to?World empire refers to the British empire,the Empire on which the sun never sets.Why does the title say by other means?By other means refers to a different way to rule the world,i.e.by means of language,in contrast to gunpowder and commerce.第2页1.It is everywhere.Some 380 million people speak it as their first language and perhaps two-thirds as many again as their second.A billion are learning it,about a third of the worlds population are in some sense exposed to it and by 2050,it is predicted,half the world will be more or less proficient in it.It is the language of globalisation of international business,politics and diplomacy.It is the language of computers and the Internet.第3页AsmanyDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ias manyof the same numberThere wont be as many fireworks this year.More than one hundred American colleges and universities now have educational exchanges with nearly as many Chinese institutions.not as many as we had last year or previous yearswith more or less 100 Chinese institutions第4页proficientDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Iproficient:a.(be in sth)able to do sth well or skilfullya proficient speakerMarthas proficient in Swedish.Ant.clumsy,incompetent,unskilledn.proficiency proficiency in musicCan you name some common proficiency tests in China?TEM-4,TEM-8,CET-4,CET-6,TOEFL,GMAT,GRE,IELTS第5页OrganisationAs many In some sense Be exposed to More or less Be proficient in Language of globalizationDiplomacy 第6页新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-TextI_clip(14).mp3第7页它无处不在。它是约它无处不在。它是约3.8亿人母语，还是亿人母语，还是约约占占此人数三分之二人第二语言。全世界有此人数三分之二人第二语言。全世界有10亿人在学习它，约占世界人口三分之一亿人在学习它，约占世界人口三分之一人人或多或少或多或少会会接触到接触到它。预计到它。预计到2050年，年，全世界半数人会全世界半数人会近乎近乎精通它。它是精通它。它是全球化全球化时代语言时代语言国际商务、政治和国际商务、政治和外交外交等活动等活动使用它，也是计算机和互联网通用语言。使用它，也是计算机和互联网通用语言。第8页Youll see it on posters in Cte dIvoire,youll hear it in pop songs in Tokyo,youll read it in official documents in Phnom Penh.Deutsche Welle broadcasts in it.French business schools teach in it.It is the medium of expression in cabinet meetings in Bolivia.Truly,the tongue spoken back in the 1300s only by the low people of England has come a long way.It is now the global language.第9页第10页第11页LocationmapofIvoryCoastAvirtualguidetoCtedIvoire(alsoknownasIvoryCoast),acountryinsouthernWestAfricaontheGulfofGuinea(NorthAtlanticOcean)situatedbetweenGhanaandLiberia.ThecountryisborderedinnorthbyMaliandBurkinaFaso.IvoryCoastcoversanareaof322,463km,compareditisslightlysmallerthanPoland,orslightlylargerthantheU.S.stateofNewMexico.CtedIvoirehasapopulationof22.7millioninhabitants(in)CapitalcityisYamoussoukro.LargestcityandthedefactocapitalisAbidjan.SpokenlanguagesareFrench(official);andlanguagesoffiveprincipallanguagegroups,theDiula(Dioula),Baule(Baoul),Dan,AnyinandSenari.第12页第13页第14页第15页TrulythetonguespokenbackDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT ITruly,the tongue spoken back in the 1300s only by the low people of England has come a long way.Paraphrase the sentence.Indeed,the language spoken as early as 1300s by the native people in England has developed for a long time.What does low people mean?people of the lower class,those who were at the bottom of the society第16页Trulythetonguespokenback2Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IWhat was the situation like in the 1300s?After the Norman Conquest of England in 1066,until about 1300,three languages stood to each other in a hierarchical relationship,with Latin at the top,followed by French,and then by English.French was the prestige language,of the aristocracy and the court,while English a low and vulgar language of everyday folk.第17页Cte dIvoirePhnom PenhDeutsche Wellemedium of expressionCabinet Bolivia Low people Has come a long way 第18页新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-TextI_clip(13).mp3第19页你能在科特迪瓦海报上看到它，能在东京流行歌曲中听到它，还能在金边官方文件中读到它。德国之声电台用它播放节目，法国商学院用它讲课，玻利维亚内阁会议用它作为交流媒介。确实，这种在14世纪英格兰只有“下等人”才说语言取得了长足发展进步，如今已经成为世界语言。第20页Themainideaofthefirstparagraph:It is the language of globalisation of international business,politics and diplomacy.It is the language of computers and the Internet.Lower class Global language 第21页2How come?Not because English is easy.True,genders are simple.But the verbs tend to be irregular,the grammar bizarre and the match between spelling and pronunciation a nightmare.English is now so widely spoken in so many places that umpteen versions have evolved,some so peculiar that even native speakers may have trouble understanding each other.第22页MatchbetweenspellingandpronunciationDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Imatch:n.a corresponding pair1.Can you give an example of the odd match between spelling and pronunciation?2.Pronounce the following words with-ough:cough,plough,though,thorough,drought,thought,through,toughhonour,psychology,castle,comb第23页Gender:SexTend to do:Be inclined;Have a tendencyIrregular:Uneven;Unbalanced;Bizarre:Strange;Weird;PeculiarMatch:Equal;EquivalentNightmare:Umpteen versionsEvolve:Develop;ProgressPeculiar:Odd;Strange;UnusualHave trouble doing sth 第24页新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-TextI_clip(1).mp3第25页为何会这么？原因不在于英语好学。诚然，英语单词词性简单，不过动词改变不规律，语法怪异，拼写和发音之间对应简直是噩梦。因为传输十分广泛，英语衍生出众多版本，有些独特表示连英语为“母语”人们也难以相互了解第26页The main idea of 2nd paragraph Come a long way Not easy 第27页3As a language with many origins Romance,Germanic,Norse,Celtic and so on English was bound to be a mess.But its elasticity makes it messier,as well as stronger.When it comes to new words,English puts up few barriers to entry.Every year publishers bring out new dictionaries listing neologisms galore.The past decade,for instance,has produced not just a host of Internettery,computerese and phonebabble(browsers,downloading,texting and so on)but quantities of teenspeak(fave,fit,pants,phat,sad).All are readily received by English,however much some fogies may resist them.第28页ButitselasticitymakesitmessierDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IBut its elasticity makes it messier,as well as stronger.What represents the elasticity of English?It absorbs words from other languages and accepts created ones,thus a much larger vocabulary than many languages.In its history,it accepts,both in spoken and written form,influences from other languages,religion,law and science.What does elasticity mean?flexibility,adaptability第29页Butitselasticitymakesitmessier2Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IHow does the elasticity of English make it messier and stronger?messier:There are many varieties of English,differences among them in pronunciation,vocabulary,grammar and so on,which can be very confusing sometimes.stronger:English can be used in many fields and so it becomes a lingua franca,and enjoys a dominant status.第30页WhenitcomestoDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IWhen it comes to saving the planet,do celebrities practise what they preach?When it comes to renting or buying,youll spend about the same amount.When it comes to as regardsto is not followed by an infinitive,but a noun or noun phrase.第31页barrierDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ibarrier:n.(to)obstaclelanguage barrier,trade barrierto remove barriers to successset barriers to communicationSyn.obstacle,hindrance第32页AhostofDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ia host ofa great number ofa host of billsa host of new devicesOther similar phrases:a crowd of,a swarm of,a flock of,a throng of第33页Origin:Source:BeginningBe bound to do:Elasticity:Spring;FlexibilityMess:DisorderPut up:Erect;BuildBarrier:Obstacle;DifficultyNeologism galoreA host of InternetteryComputeresePhonebabble Teenspeak Fogy 第34页新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-TextI_clip(2).mp3第35页英语起源甚广，包含罗曼语、日耳曼语、挪威英语起源甚广，包含罗曼语、日耳曼语、挪威语、凯尔特语等等，所以它必定会杂乱无章，语、凯尔特语等等，所以它必定会杂乱无章，但正是这种灵活性在使它变得庞杂同时，也变但正是这种灵活性在使它变得庞杂同时，也变得愈加强大。提到新词，英语几乎毫不阻拦地得愈加强大。提到新词，英语几乎毫不阻拦地接纳。每年出版商都会推出包含大量新词新字接纳。每年出版商都会推出包含大量新词新字典。比如，过往十年里不但出现了很多网络用典。比如，过往十年里不但出现了很多网络用语、计算机用语、手机用语（如语、计算机用语、手机用语（如“浏览器浏览器”、“下载下载”、“发短信发短信”等），还诞生了大量青等），还诞生了大量青少年俚语（如少年俚语（如“赞赞”、“正正”、“残残”、“酷酷”、“杯具杯具”）。即使一些守旧者强烈反对，）。即使一些守旧者强烈反对，但这些都被英语欣然接纳。但这些都被英语欣然接纳。第36页MainideaofthethirdparagraphMess-elasticityFogy-resist第37页4.English-speakers have not always been so angst-free about this laisser-faire attitude to their language.In the 18th century three writers Joseph Addison(who founded the Spectator),Daniel Defoe(who wrote Robinson Crusoe)and Jonathan Swift(Gullivers Travels)wanted to see a committee set up to regulate the language.第38页Angst-freeDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Iangst-free:a.without anger or worryWord Formation-free:not containing a specified substance(often used in combination)tax-freea sugar-free soft drink第39页Laisser-faireattitudeDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ilaisser-faire attitudelaisser-faire often refers to the principles of free trade,allowing for freedom to a great degree.Here it means hardly any restriction in the use and development of English.第40页English-speakershavenotalwaysbeensoDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IEnglish-speakers have not always been so angst-free about this laisser-faire attitude to their language.Paraphrase the sentence.Some people in history,contrary to most others,took a negative attitude towards the elasticity of English.第41页to see a committee set up to see done:to make sureYou will see the work done properly.He is always the last to go to bed to see all the doors locked.第42页Joseph Addison(1May167217June1719)wasanEnglishessayist,poet,playwright,andpolitician.HewastheeldestsonofTheReverendLancelotAddison.Hisnameisusuallyrememberedalongsidethatofhislong-standingfriend,RichardSteele,withwhomhefoundedThe Spectatormagazine.第43页DanielDefoewasanEnglishtrader,writer,journalist,pamphleteer,andspy,mostfamousforhisnovelRobinson Crusoe.第44页Jonathan Swift(30November166719October1745)wasanAnglo-Irishsatirist,essayist,politicalpamphleteer(firstfortheWhigs,thenfortheTories),poetandclericwhobecameDeanofStPatricksCathedral,Dublin.第45页AngstfreeLaisser-faireAttitude to Committee Set up:Regulate:Order;Standardize;Adjust第46页新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-TextI_clip(3).mp3第47页英语母语者也并非一直对自己语言这种英语母语者也并非一直对自己语言这种放放任态度任态度毫不在意。毫不在意。18世纪便有三位作家世纪便有三位作家约瑟夫约瑟夫爱迪生（爱迪生（旁观者周刊旁观者周刊创建者）、创建者）、丹尼尔丹尼尔笛福（笛福（鲁滨逊漂流记鲁滨逊漂流记作者）以作者）以及约翰森及约翰森斯威夫特（斯威夫特（格列佛游记格列佛游记作者）作者希望希望建立建立一个委员会来一个委员会来规范规范英语。英语。第48页Main idea of paragraph 5:Fogy-speaker Committee-regulate 第49页5.Fortunately,the principles of free trade triumphed.The success or failure of a language has little to do with its inherent qualities and everything to do with the power of the people who speak it.第50页TohavelittletodowithDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ito have little to do with:Other relative phrases:to have everything to do with to have much to do with to have nothing to do with 第51页Triumph:Succeed;WinHavelittletodowithInherent:Intrinsic;Innate;Inborn第52页新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-TextI_clip4).mp3第53页所幸，自由贸易标准所幸，自由贸易标准占了上风占了上风。一个语言。一个语言成败成败并不取决于并不取决于它它内在内在品质，品质，“而全在于而全在于说这种语言人拥有多大说这种语言人拥有多大权力权力。”第54页The main idea No-inherent qualityBut-the power 第55页6English moved with the times,and by the 19th century the times were such that it had spread across an empire on which the sun never set.It thus began its rise as a global language.第56页TextI_BG_2.1Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundOn hearing“The Empire on which the sun never sets,what do you think?TEXT Ipowerful,universal language,invasion 第57页thusDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ithus:ad.in the way indicated,in this way;accordingly,thereforeUsage:Which of the following is wrong?1.We have arrived late.Thus we have to face the penalty.2.We were not careful,thus we have to pay the fine.We were not careful.Thus we have to pay the fine.第58页新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-TextI_clip(5).mp3第59页Thus2Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT ITranslate the following sentences.1.If you throw the ball thus,as Im showing you,youll have better luck hitting the target.2.I have all the tools I need.Thus I should be able to fix the bike myself.3.Register your phone right after purchase thus enabling us to provide you even better service in case of questions or in case of a warranty claim.tr.tr.tr.假如你像我演示这么扔球，命中机会更大些。我有全部需要工具，所以我应该能够自己把自行车修好我有全部需要工具，所以我应该能够自己把自行车修好。购置后请马上登记您电话，以使我们在您有疑问或提出保修要求时能提供购置后请马上登记您电话，以使我们在您有疑问或提出保修要求时能提供更加好服务。更加好服务。第60页英语英语随时代发展随时代发展，到，到19世纪它已蔓延到日世纪它已蔓延到日不落帝国各个角落，自那以后它开始成为不落帝国各个角落，自那以后它开始成为全球语言。全球语言。第61页MainideaEmpire-global第62页7.That could be seen not just by the use of English in Britains colonies,but also by its usefulness much farther afield.When,for instance,Germany and Japan were negotiating their alliance against America and Britain in 1940,their two foreign ministers held their discussions in English.But however accommodating English might be the real reason for the latter day triumph of English is the triumph of the English-speaking United States as a world power.Therein lies a huge source of friction.第63页Not just by But also by Afield Alliance:Accommodating:Helpful;AcceptingFriction:Resistance;Conflict第64页新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-TextI_clip(6).mp3第65页英语发展不但见于其在英国殖民地广泛应用，还表达在它在遥远国度用途。比如，1940年，德国和日本协商建立反对英美同盟，这两国外交大臣交流时使用便是英语。然而，不论英语怎样地海纳百川，它日后成功要归功于美国这个英语国家作为世界巨头崛起，这其中也存在造成摩擦重大原因第66页MainIdeaAfieldusefulnessThepowerofusaFriction第67页8The merit of English as a global language is that it enables people of different countries to converse and do business with each other.But languages are not only a medium of communication,which enable nation to speak unto nation.They are also repositories of culture and identity.And in many countries the all-engulfing advance of English threatens to damage or destroy much local culture.This is sometimes lamented even in England itself,for though the language that now sweeps the world is called English,the culture carried with it is American.第68页All-engulfingDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Iall-engulfing:all-knowing:knowing everythingall-important:of greatest importanceall-powerful:having unlimited powerDo you know any other words combined with all?第69页ThoughthelanguagethatnowsweepstheDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IParaphrase the sentence.though the language that now sweeps the world is called English,the culture carried with it is American.English was spread through the power of the British Empire,but now it is spread through the culture of a different powerful country the USA.(Actually,globalization is equivalent to Americanization to a large extent.)第70页The merit Converse-conversationMedium of communicationRepositoryAll-engulfingLamentBe carried with 第71页新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-TextI_clip(7).mp3第72页英语成为全球通用语言，其好处于于便利各国人民相互交流、进行商务往来。然而，语言不但是国与国之间对话交流媒介，还是文化和身份宝库。在很多国家，英语日益显现出压倒性势头，将要破坏或摧毁当地文化，有时甚至在英国也有如此令人悲叹情景，目前横扫世界语言叫做英语，但承载它确实是美国文化。第73页TheMeritconversebusinessRepositoryCultureIdentityDamageDestroyLocalculure第74页9.On the whole the Brits do not complain.Some may regret the passing of the bullet-proof waistcoat(in favour of the bullet-proof vest),the arrival of hopefully at the start of every sentence,the wholesale disappearance of the perfect tense,and the mutation of the meaning of presently from soon to