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EricUnit3Whatisinaname?Unit3Whatisinaname?第1页Part1Listeningandspeakingactivitiesv1IntroductionoffunctionsvDescribingObjectsIfyoudescribeanobject(someoneorsomething),yousaywhatsortofthingitis(whatkindofpersonheorsheis),orwhattheyarelike,suchasitssize,colororshape.Youshouldmentionsomebasic,strikingcharacteristicsorperhapsgivesomeofyourattitudestowardstheobject,oryoucanmakeacommentonit.vNote:Someexplanationsmaybenecessaryconcerningtheorderofadjectivesthatmodifyanoun.vTheadjectivesbelowareusedtodescribeobjects:第2页woolencottonleatherwoodenmetalglassplasticsilkcanvaspapernylonrubbergreenredyellowblueblackwhitepinkbrownpurpleorangegreytan(棕褐色，茶色）auburn（红褐色）bigsmalllongshortfatthinhighlowlargetallsquaretriangularMaterialColorSize第3页vYoumaydescribeobjectsorpeoplelikethis:A:Whichappledoyoulike?vB:Theredone.vA:Whatdidyourfatherlooklike?vB:Hewasshortandfat.vA:HowoldisyourEnglishteacher?vB:Heismiddle-aged,aboutforty.vShehasshortgoldenhairandlightblueeyes.Myhometownissmallandclean.Thelandscapewaseasyontheeyes.Thedaywashotanddusty.Thehousewasold,dampandsmelly.第4页vTalkingAboutJobsTherearemanywaysoftalkingaboutonesjob.Thecommonexpressionsusedtoaskonesjobare:vWhatdoyoudo?vWhatsyourjob?vWheredoyouwork?vetc.Whenyoutalkaboutyourjob,youcanusesomeadjectivestodescribeit,suchasboring/lucrative（盈利）（盈利）/interesting/decent/challenging/part-time/full-time,etc.vIfyouwanttoexpressunemployment,youcansay:Someoneisdismissed/discharged/fired/sacked/laidoff/outofjob.Thenounsbelowareusedtoshowonesoccupation:第5页vjudgelawyerdoctornursepaintersculptoreditorreporterjournalistbankerclerkcashiertypistsecretarycookbakertailorbarbersalesmanengineerdesignermechanicarchitectelectricianaccountantsupervisorbranchmanageradministrativemanagergardenertourguideplumberjanitor第6页vTalkingaboutJobsvIfyouwanttoknowsomethingaboutsomeoneswork,youmayask:Wheredoyouwork?Whatdoyoudo?/Whatdoyoudoforaliving?Whatisyourlineofbusiness?Whatisyourjob/occupation?Whatdoesyourfathersjobinvolve?/Whatsyourfather?Whatisyourroutinework?/Whatdoyoudoexactlyeveryday?Couldyoutellmesomethingaboutyourjob?Whatmadeyoudecidetobecomeateacher?vCommonAnswers:IworkforAndersonoffice.Imatourguide.Imadoctor.Imasecretary.Heistheheadmasterofourschool.Heisagardener.vIfindapart-timejobinabusinesscompany.Imlookingforabetterjob.Myjobdoesntrequirespecialskills.Tobeahousewifeissoboring.第7页vConversationOne第8页vIllleaveyoutwoheretodo.structureSubject+leave(vt.)+sb.(pron.)+todosth.Youusethestructureleavesomeonetodosomethingtomeanthatyougoawayfromthemsothattheydoitontheirown.grammaticalpointsInthisstructuretheinfinitive(todo)isusedasobjectivecomplement.Youcanleaveanassistanttolookaftertheshop.Iwillleaveyoutocook.第9页vlistening第10页vauburnadj.Isyourhairblackorauburn?setn.Ashampooandsetcosts8.Sheshavingherhairsetforthepartythisevening.gleamingadj.cf.gleaming,glimmering,glitteringe.g.gleamingwhiteteethglimmeringn.Webegintoseetheglimmeringsofasolutiontotheproblem.glitteringadj.Aglitteringcareerhadbeenpredictedforherinthecivilservice.第11页vTottenhamarethebesttosee.structuresubject+be(link verb)adjectiveto-infinitiveYoucanuseato-infinitiveclauseafteranoungrouptoindicatetheaimorpurposeofsomething.Youcanalsouseato-infinitiveclauseafteranoungroupthatincludesanordinalnumber,asuperlative,orawordlikenext,last,oronly.Ithinkthebestwaytotravelbyisonfoot.Sheisalwaysthelastpersontospeakatthemeeting.grammaticalpointTheto-infinitiveclauseshouldbeputafterthenoungroupitmodifies.第12页vgigglev.n.giggleatsb./sth.Stopgiggling,children;thisisaseriousmatter.Therewasagigglefromthebackoftheclass.wigglev.Stopwigglingandsitstill.Thebabywaswigglingitstoes.vmaten.(inBrE.referstomale)Heisanoldmateofmine.Whereareyouoffto,mate?-mate:companionroommateflat-mateclassmateteammateplaymate第13页vhitHesahitwitheveryone.Hernewfilmisquiteahit.vswapv.n.Yourbooklooksmoreinterestingthanmine;doyouwanttoswapwithme?AsyoulikemydressandIlikeyours,shallwedoaswap?apartfromexceptapartadv.Thetwohousesstood500metersapart.Apartfromhisnose.hesquitegood-looking.第14页ProverbvArollingstonegathersnomossv滚石不生苔vSomebodyofthistypeisfreeofresponsibilities,familyties,etc.andhadnowealth.v(喻人既无责任，无家室，又无钱财）第15页vWhydopeoplechangejobs?vPossiblereasons:vForbetterjobsatisfactionvForamoresecurepositionvForahighersalaryvForbettercareerdevelopmentprospectsvHavingbeenfiredvUnabletogetalongwithformerco-workersvTomakeabetterlivingvTobeclosertohomevTobeclosertofriends第16页Pre-readingtasksvWhichjobsarethoughtofasmoresuitableformenandwhich,moresuitableforwomen?Why?vPilotfashion-designerchefvBaby-sittercompanymanagervSecretarynurse第17页vTextWhat is in a name?第18页MainIdeavInpeoplesmind,somejobsareopenonlytowomenwhilesomeareopentomen.vIsentoffanapplicationforajobwithabbreviatednameChrisNeale.Isuccessfullygotachancetohaveaninterview,buteverybodystaredatmeinsurprisewhenIwasthere.Istartedtofeelnervousbecausesomethingmusthavebeenwrong.vFinallyIcametorealizethatitwasmynamethathadgivenpeopleawrongimpressionandtheyweresurprisedthatamanshouldhavecometoapplyforawomansjob.Itmademeveryembarrassed.第19页vPara1vseem:v.tolooklikeSeemisusuallyfollowedbyanadjective,anoungroup,to-infinitivesoraclause.It seemed very unusual.She seemed to be a very nice person.It seemed to me that she was far too romantic.第20页vPara2v1.takeaseatTheytooktheirseatsatthesmallroundtable.take/have+n.referstoanactionthatsomeoneperforms.take a look at/take a break take a bath/take a vacation take a walk/take a short cut take action/take a trip(to)take a bet take a chance take a deep breath take a step take an interest in vpoint:vi.showthepositionordirectiontovt.aimordirect(at,towards)The hands of the clock pointed to half-past one.She was pointing her fingers at me.point outpoint to point up point at sb.第21页v2aboutadv.ofdegree;tovariousplaces;invariousdirectionsAbout ten oclock the telephone rang again.He was about the same age as Philip.Richard plays about in school instead of working.vasif:asthoughI remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.And fancy you just sitting there as if nothing had happened.It looks as if it is going to rain.v3look:n.give/have a look atthrow an angry look atshoot a puzzled look at steal a look attake a close look atvcomeacross:tohappentoI came across this old book in an old bookstore.He came suddenly across an idea.第22页vPara3v1getbackWhen Tom gets back,please tell him that Jill phoned.If you take Mary out for a drive you must promise to get her back before 9 oclock.He has got back the land his family lost.v2.Whathadsurprisedmeisusedasasubject.thefactthat.isapredicativeclause.vapplicationn.The manager received twenty applications for the post.Applicationmustbesentinby31stJuly.vfillout/inFilling out/in all these forms is such a bore.Im afraid your application form is incorrectly filled in/out.第23页v3.cant help doingShecouldnthelpcrying.WhenIreadthisletter,Icouldnthelpthinkingofmyparents.vshort:adj.short forIneed1butIm5Pshort:Iveonlygot95P.Theusualwordpubisshortforpublichouse.a short cuthave a short memoryin shortbe short of4beopentoThis book is open to criticism.The competition is open to all pupils under twelve years of age.in the open air keep an open mind veven though/ifEventhoughIhaveopposedhim,Irespecthim.They will stand by you even though you have failed.第24页vPara4haveon:to wearWhenheleft,hehadonadarkshirt.He went to bed drunk,and when he woke up he found that he still had his shoes on.第25页vPara5vinterviewn.meetingwithsb.fordiscussionorconference.vt.tohaveanmeetingwithDont be late for your interview,or you wont get the job.He refused to give any interview to journalists.The newspaper reporters interviewed the minister.He interviewed all the applicants one by one.第26页vPara6vChrisNeale?Iaskedhesitantly.hesitantly:adv.uncertainlyhesitate:v.toshowsignsofuncertaintyorunwillingnessinspeechoraction第27页vPara7vletoutHe let out a scream.Some one has let out the news.They let out horses by the day.idiomslet belet downlet bygones be bygoneslet sleeping dogs lielet the cat out of the bagvembarrass:vt.tocauseperplexity,mentaldiscomfort,oranxietyto;tohinderthemovementofembarrassed:adj.embarrassment:n.Teachers should always avoid embarrassing students.Wearing a heavy coat embarrassed his movements.She smiled with embarrassment.第28页vSentencesinthetext1.Theygivemeastrangelook,asifIshouldnthavebeenthereatall.(Para2)v2.Whathadsurprisedmewasthefact(Para3)v3.IcouldnthelpwonderingiftheyrealizedIwasaman.(Para4)第29页v1.asif+clausevasif(asthough)Youcanuseas if or as thoughatthebeginningofaclausetomeansomethingthatappearstobetruealthoughitisnot.grammaticalpointsas iforas thoughcanintroduceasubjunctiveclause.1)WeuseV+ed,orwereinsteadofwastorefertoasituationthatisnottrueordoesnotexistatpresent.My mother looks after the orphan as if he were her own child.2)Weusewould+Vtorefertoasituationthatisunlikelyinthefuture.Mrs.Harper sobbed as if her heart would break.3)Inas ifclause,iftheverbislook,seem,vsound,taste,smell,weusedeclarativevinsteadofsubjunctive.It looks(or seems)as if(as though)a storm vwill soon come.第30页v2.whatWhat:usedtointroduceasubjectiveclauseInthestructurewhatisusedatthebeginningofaspecialkindofrelativeclauseandfunctionslikeanoungroup.Itservesasthesubject.Whatmeansthething(s)that(which)What she saw gave her a little fright.What he said is groundless.grammaticalpointsYoudontusewhatindefiningornon-definingrelativeclauses.Youdontsay,forexample,Thebookwhatyoulentmeisverygood.Youusewhichorthatinstead.第31页v3.ifIfisusedtointroduceanobjectiveclause,meaningwhether.I asked her if she had any room to let.Ill go round tonight and see if he wants anything.第32页SynonymComparisonv1.appointmentdateinterviewYouuseappointmenttomeanthatyouhavearrangedtoseesomeoneataparticulartime,usuallyinconnectionwithhisorherwork,e.g.anappointmentwithonesdoctor/client.vAdateisanappointmenttomeetsomeoneorgooutwithapersonwithwhomyouarehavingormaysoonhavearomanticrelationship,suchastheblinddateisanarrangementbyathirdpersonforamaleandfemaletogettoknoweachother,soastohavearomanticrelationship.vAninterviewisaformalmeetingatwhichsomeoneisaskedquestionsinordertofindoutifthepersonissuitableforajob.Interviewmayalsomeanaconversationinwhichajournalistputsquestionstosomeonesuchasapoliticianorfamousperson.第33页v2.jobworktaskvAjobistheworkthatsomeonedoestoearnmoney.Itisacountablenoun,e.g.adecentjob.vYourworkconsistsofthethingsyouarepaidorrequiredtodoinyourjob.Itsanuncountablenoun,e.g.apieceofwork.Workcanbeacountablenounwhenitmeanssomethingsuchaspainting,abook,orapieceofmusicproducedbyanartist,writer,orcomposer,e.g.Shakespearesworks.Worksisafactorywheresth.ismanufactured.vTaskisanactivityorapieceofworkthatyouhavetodo.Ifyoufindithardandunpleasingyoumaycallitatask.Itisacountablenoun.第34页v3.businesscareercraftoccupationprofessionvAbusinessisanactivitythatyoudoaspartofyourjob,notforpleasure.Itreferstoaparticularareaofworkinwhichtheaimistomakeaprofit.vAcareerisajoborprofessionyoufollowforyourwholelife,e.g.onespoliticalcareer.vAcraftisajobinvolvesdoingsth.skillfullywithoneshands,alsocalledhandcraftsuchasgoldsmith.vAnoccupationissth.youdoaspartofyourdailylife.Itsyourjob,butmoreformalthanjob.vAprofessionisajobwhichneedsspecialtrainingandahighlevelofeducation,suchasadoctororalawyer.第35页panycorporationfirmThesethreewordscanbeusedtorefertoabusinessorganization.vAcompanyisabusinessorganizationthatmakesmoneybysellinggoodsorservices.vWeusecorporationtorefertoajoint-stockcompany.Wealsouseittorefertoalargecompany.vAfirmisanorganizationwhichsellsorproducessomethingorprovidesaservice.Itmaybeashoporafactory.vWecanusecompanyorcorporationtonameanorganization,butwecantusefirmtodothat.第36页v5.surpriseastonishamazeastoundWeusesurprisetomeanthefeelingyouhavewhensomethingunexpectedhappens.vAstonishmeanssomethingunbelievablehappenssuddenlythatmakesyouverysurprised.vAmazemeansbeverysurprisedwithpleasure,wonder,andapproval.vAstoundmeansbeshockedandamazedbysth.thatcouldexistorhappen.1）Iwassurprisedatfindingyouhere.2）I was astonished to see her so wan and old.3）The teacher was amazed to find that the under-achiever had got a full mark in the exam.4）Wewereastoundedatthenewsofhisdeath.第37页vStrangethingsalways_tous.Thismorning,Iwenttothe_companyforajobinterview.AsIwasearly,the_askedmetowaitforMr.Lambertwithtwoother_whohadcomeforthe_too.Justthen,amanaboutmy_cameinandgavehis_tothereceptionist.Wecouldnthelp_whathehadcomefor_Iheardhimsayingjobinterview.Thereceptionist_abitsurprised.Shepointedtotheseat_tousandsaidsomethingtohim.Icouldseethatthemanwasrather_whenwegirlslookedathim.Iwonderedifheknewthatsuch_workisusuallyopentowomen.Itwasabit_foramantowanttobeasecretary,wasntit?第38页Advicev1.Worklongerthanminimumrequirementv2.Applyearlyv3.Applytoseveralfirmsv4.Checktherequirementsv5.Writeashortletterv6.Encloseastandardresumev7.Enclosearecentphotov8.Encloseans.a.ev9.Obtainconfirmationofdetailsv10.Checkallrelevantdetailsv11.Decidequicklyonpreferredjob第39页Translationv1.Imafraidthatthepositionisnotopentostudents.v2.IcameacrossaletterfromFrancetheotherday.v3.Heputhishandonhischestasiftoshowsincerity.v4.Ivefilledouttheapplicationform.v5.Shehadhercoaton.v6.Icanthelpthinkingthatwevemadeabigmistake.v7.FredisshortforFrederick.v8.Heseemedinhisearlythirties.第40页EnglishnamesvFirstnamegivennamefamilynamevLastnamesurnamemaidennamevForenamemiddlenameChristiannamevInitial第41页Self-AssessmentWorksheetv1.WhatusefulinformationhaveIlearntinthisunit?v2.WhatlanguageitemshaveIlearntinthisunit?v3.WhatskillshaveIimprovedinthisunit?v4.Whatproblem(s)inthisunitremainingtobesolved?第42页
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