1、宾语从句与状语从句宾语从句与状语从句第1页状语从句复习状语从句复习状语从句不但是初中英语学习重点,而且状语从句不但是初中英语学习重点,而且也是每年中考必考内容之一。从历年全国也是每年中考必考内容之一。从历年全国各地中考英语试题对状语从句考查内容来各地中考英语试题对状语从句考查内容来看,命题主要集中在引导状语从句连词、看,命题主要集中在引导状语从句连词、状语从句时态等方面;从九大状语从句来状语从句时态等方面;从九大状语从句来看,同学们应将复习重点放在时间状语从看,同学们应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句这四种上。状语从句这四
2、种上。第2页一、对时间状语从句考查一、对时间状语从句考查 引导时间状语从句连词有:引导时间状语从句连词有:while,when,as,as soon as,until,notuntil,before,after,since,etc要掌握每个连词含义及其使用方法,要掌握每个连词含义及其使用方法,还有它们之间一些区分。还有它们之间一些区分。第3页when,while区分:区分:二者均可表示二者均可表示“当当时候时候”,假如,假如主句表示是短暂动作,而从句表示是主句表示是短暂动作,而从句表示是一段时间,二者可通用。如:一段时间,二者可通用。如:I met Kang Li whenwhile I wa
3、s walking along the street当我沿街散当我沿街散步时遇见了康丽。步时遇见了康丽。第4页 when可与可与终止性终止性动词连用,动词连用,while只只能与能与延续性延续性动词连用。如:动词连用。如:It was snowing when we got to the airport当我们抵达机场时,天正下当我们抵达机场时,天正下着雪。(不能用着雪。(不能用 while)while强调主句表示动作连续于强调主句表示动作连续于while所所指整个时间内;指整个时间内;when可指主、从句所可指主、从句所述动作同时或先后发生。如:述动作同时或先后发生。如:第5页Please w
4、rite while I read我读时候,请写下来。我读时候,请写下来。When he reached home,he had a little rest回到家后,他休息了一会回到家后,他休息了一会儿。儿。第6页3)until=till在必定句中表示在必定句中表示“直到直到为止为止”,主句要用延续性动词;在,主句要用延续性动词;在否定句中,表示否定句中,表示“直到直到才才”,主句惯用终止性动词,这时主句惯用终止性动词,这时till和和until可用可用before替换。如:替换。如:I waited tilluntil he arrived我一我一直等到他到来。直等到他到来。第7页 We w
5、ont start untiltillbefore Bob comes鲍勃到来之前,我们不会动鲍勃到来之前,我们不会动身。身。4)since从句中惯用过去时,主句用普通从句中惯用过去时,主句用普通现在时或现在完成时;现在时或现在完成时;as soon as假假如主句是普通未来时,情态动词加动如主句是普通未来时,情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时,时间状语从句用词原形或祈使句时,时间状语从句用普通现在时。如:普通现在时。如:第8页Where have you been since I saw you last?上次我和你见面之后,你到哪里去了?上次我和你见面之后,你到哪里去了?Ill phone yo
6、u as soon as I arrive in Tonghua我一到通化就给你打电话。我一到通化就给你打电话。第9页2考例:考例:1)我一到美国就给你打电话。(北京市)我一到美国就给你打电话。(北京市海淀区)海淀区)Ill ring you up _ soon _ I get to America 2)昨天直到雨停了,孩子们才离开学校。)昨天直到雨停了,孩子们才离开学校。(同上)(同上)The children _ leave school _ the rain stopped yesterday asasdidnttill第10页3)It _ ten years since they _
7、to France(河北)(河北)Aas;covered Bwas;have moved Cis;have moved Dis;moved D第11页4)He _ wait until the rain _(南京市)(南京市)Awont;will stop Bwont;stop Cwill;stops Dwill;will stop C第12页5)When all the work _(finish),you may go back home.6)My brother_(begin)to learn English when he was eight.7)Please _(not leave)
8、here until you _(tell)to8)As soon as he_(get)there,he will write to us at once.第13页9)He took out the camera as soon as he _(see)the monster.10)I often _(go)to see her when she was ill.11)Please dont talk so loud while others _(work).12)Where _ you _(study)before you went to college?第14页二、对条件状语从句考查二、
9、对条件状语从句考查 1关键点:引导条件状语从句连词有关键点:引导条件状语从句连词有if(假如),(假如),unless在意义上相当于在意义上相当于ifnot。条件状语从句也像时间状语。条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样,假如主句用未来时,从句从句一样,假如主句用未来时,从句要用现在时代替未来时。如:要用现在时代替未来时。如:第15页 You will fail unless you study hard(You will fail if you dont study hard)除非你努力学习,不然你会失败。除非你努力学习,不然你会失败。2考例:考例:1)He will go to the Gre
10、at Wall if it _ tomorrow(北京市宣武区)(北京市宣武区)A.wont rain B.doesnt rain C.dont rain D.isnt raining B第16页C2)_ you eat old food,you may be ill(湖南)(湖南)ABefore BWhy CIf DWhich 第17页三、对比较状语从句考查三、对比较状语从句考查 1关键点:引导比较状语从句连词有关键点:引导比较状语从句连词有asas,than。1)表示甲与乙在某首先相同时,用)表示甲与乙在某首先相同时,用“as原级原级as”句型;表示甲在某首先不句型;表示甲在某首先不如乙时
11、,用如乙时,用“not as so 原级原级as”句型。如:句型。如:Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen大大连和深圳一样美。连和深圳一样美。第18页 I dont run asso fast as Kang Li我我不如康丽跑得快。不如康丽跑得快。2)表示甲超出或不及乙时,用)表示甲超出或不及乙时,用“比较级比较级从句从句”(从句中常省略意义与主句(从句中常省略意义与主句相同部分)。如:相同部分)。如:He runs faster than you(do)他跑)他跑得比你快。得比你快。Today is less cold than yesterday今今天没有
12、昨天冷。天没有昨天冷。第19页2考例:考例:1)Jack runs as _ as Tom(北京市宣武区)(北京市宣武区)Afast Bfaster Cfastest Dmuch faster A第20页2)30,000 dollars is a large amount of money,but its _ than we need(上海市)(上海市)Afor more Bvery much Cfar less Dvery little C第21页四、对结果状语从句考查四、对结果状语从句考查 1关键点:引导结果状语从句连词有关键点:引导结果状语从句连词有sothat(如此(如此以致于),以致
13、于),suchthat(如此(如此以致于)等。以致于)等。惯用句型:惯用句型:so形容词副词形容词副词that从句从句 such aan 形容词单数可数名词形容词单数可数名词 that从句从句 such形容词复数可数名词形容词复数可数名词不可数名词不可数名词that从句从句 第22页so形容词形容词aan单数可数名词单数可数名词that从句从句 He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him他讲得太快,我跟不上。他讲得太快,我跟不上。He told us such funny stories that we all laughed 他给我们讲了那么多有趣故
14、事,我们全他给我们讲了那么多有趣故事,我们全都哈哈大笑。都哈哈大笑。第23页2考例:考例:1)这山太高,我们极难抵达山顶。(四)这山太高,我们极难抵达山顶。(四川)川)This mountain is _ _ that we can _ _ the top so highnot reach第24页2)Miss Gao asked a question,but it was _ that nobody could answer it A.very difficult B.too difficult C.difficult enough D.so difficult D第25页五、对其它状语从句考
15、查五、对其它状语从句考查 还有五种状语从句:地点状语从句、还有五种状语从句:地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目标状语从句、方式原因状语从句、目标状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句。状语从句、让步状语从句。1关键点:关键点:1)掌握惯用引导词:)掌握惯用引导词:引导地点状语从句有:引导地点状语从句有:where(在哪里),在哪里),wherever(不论(不论何地),何地),etc第26页如:如:Where there is a will,there is a way有志者,事竞成。有志者,事竞成。Wherever you go,I go too不论你去哪里不论你去哪里,我都去。我都去。第27页
16、引导原因状语从句有引导原因状语从句有because,as,since,for。because常回答常回答why引导疑引导疑问句,该从句普通位于主句后;问句,该从句普通位于主句后;since比比as正式,二者不回答正式,二者不回答why引导问句,而引导问句,而且其从句普通放在句首。如:且其从句普通放在句首。如:Why cant I go?为何我不能去?为何我不能去?Because youre too young因为你年因为你年纪太小了。纪太小了。第28页As(Since)you are not feeling well,youd better stay at home 既然你不太舒适,还是留在家
17、里好。既然你不太舒适,还是留在家里好。第29页 引导原因状语从句有引导原因状语从句有because,as,since,for。because常回答常回答why引导引导疑问句,该从句普通位于主句后;疑问句,该从句普通位于主句后;since比比as正式,二者不回答正式,二者不回答why引导引导问句,而且其从句普通放在句首。如:问句,而且其从句普通放在句首。如:第30页Why cant I go?为何我不能去?为何我不能去?Because youre too young因为你年纪因为你年纪太小了。太小了。As(Since)you are not feeling well,youd better st
18、ay at home 既然你不太舒适,还是留在家里好。既然你不太舒适,还是留在家里好。第31页 引导目标状语从句有引导目标状语从句有so that(方便)(方便)等。如等。如我给他包了一点食物,让他不致挨饿。我给他包了一点食物,让他不致挨饿。I packed him a little food so that he wouldnt be hungry第32页 引导让步状语从句有引导让步状语从句有thoughalthough(即使),(即使),even though(尽管),(尽管),no matter who(不论谁),不论谁),no matter how(不论怎样),(不论怎样),no ma
19、tter what(不(不论什么)等。如:论什么)等。如:尽管这工作很辛劳,我还是很喜欢。尽管这工作很辛劳,我还是很喜欢。Though its hard work,I enjoy it不论工作多么艰难,他都从不放弃不论工作多么艰难,他都从不放弃 No matter how hard the work was,he never gave it up第33页2)because不能与并列连词不能与并列连词so,though although不能与不能与but同时在句中使用。如同时在句中使用。如She was late for school because she missed the bus=She
20、 missed the bus,so she was late for school Its not cheap,but its very good=Though its not cheap,its very good 第34页2考例:考例:1)I cant understand this passage _ there are no new words in it(安徽)(安徽)A.if B.because C.though D.and 2)“Why did Li Lei use a pencil?”“_ his pen was broken”(福州市)(福州市)A.Because B.Wh
21、en C.Until D.If CA第35页六、对状语从句和宾语从句、简单句、六、对状语从句和宾语从句、简单句、并列句混合考查并列句混合考查【考点【考点1】区分】区分when,if引导宾语从句和引导宾语从句和状语从句不一样:状语从句不一样:when引导时间状引导时间状语从句意为语从句意为“当当时候时候”,引导,引导宾语从句意为宾语从句意为“什么时候什么时候”;if引导引导条件状语从句意为条件状语从句意为“假如假如”,引导,引导宾语从句意为宾语从句意为“是否是否”。如:。如:第36页1Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow YesBut if it _
22、 ,well visit the museum instead(河北)(河北)Ayou have;will rain Byou will have;will rain Cyou will have;rains Dwill you have;rains C第37页2Do you know when he _ back tomorrow?Sorry,I dontWhen he _ back,Ill tell you(安徽)(安徽)A.comes;comes B.comes;will come C.will come;comes D.will come;will come C第38页【考点【考点2】
23、状语从句和宾语从句、状语从句和简单状语从句和宾语从句、状语从句和简单句、并列句同义转换。如:句、并列句同义转换。如:1A:He is too young to go to school B:He is _ young _ he cant go to school(四川)(四川)第39页2A:Tom is the tallest in his class B:Tom is _ _ any other student in his class(四川)(四川)3A:The box is so light _ the boy can carry it B:The box is light for th
24、e boy to carry(南京)(南京)taller thanenough第40页4A:Put on your coat,or youll catch a cold B:_ you _ put on your coat,youll catch a cold(上海)(上海)Ifdont第41页宾语从句与中考试题宾语从句与中考试题 在复合句中用作宾语从句叫做宾语在复合句中用作宾语从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最主要一从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最主要一个从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复个从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中
25、考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好基句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好基础。础。第42页第一关,选好连接词(也有些人叫关联词)。第一关,选好连接词(也有些人叫关联词)。引导宾语从句连接词,书本上写有三类引导宾语从句连接词,书本上写有三类但从学习角度看分为四类更为实用。但从学习角度看分为四类更为实用。1连词连词that:只起连接作用,在从句中不作:只起连接作用,在从句中不作 句子成份,也无词汇意义,在口语中或句子成份,也无词汇意义,在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。比如
26、:非正式文体中常被省略。比如:1)He knew(that)he should work hard 2)I am glad(that)youve passed the exam 第43页2连词连词whether或或if:它们起连接作用,:它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成份,作在从句中不作句子成份,作“是否是否”解,口语中多用解,口语中多用if。比如:。比如:3)Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning?(注:上海市徐汇?(注:上海市徐汇区中考试题填上答案后句子。以下再有区中考试题填上答案后句子。以下再有这种例句,都
27、为中考题,只写某地。)这种例句,都为中考题,只写某地。)4)Tom didnt know ifwhether his grandpa liked the present 第44页作作“是否是否”解解if和和whether在详细使用方在详细使用方法上差异较大,同学们不易掌握。在宾法上差异较大,同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用语从句中用whether没有用没有用if时受到那么时受到那么多限制。比如:多限制。比如:He asked me whether or not I was coming他问我是否要来。(该句中他问我是否要来。(该句中whether不能换不能换成成if,因为,因为if不能与不能与o
28、r连用。)连用。)第45页3连接代词连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which:它们起连接作用,作句子成份,:它们起连接作用,作句子成份,各有其自己意义。比如:各有其自己意义。比如:6)The teacher asked the new student which class he was in?(武汉市)(?(武汉市)(which引引导宾语从句,在从句中作定语,修饰导宾语从句,在从句中作定语,修饰class,意为,意为“哪个哪个”。)。)7)Can you tell me whom he is waiting for?(天津市)(天津市)第46页4连接副词连接副词when,w
29、here,why,how:起:起连接作用,分别作时间、地点、原因、连接作用,分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语,各有其自己意义。比如:方式状语,各有其自己意义。比如:8)I wonder where he got so much money对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。(where在从句中作地点状语,修饰在从句中作地点状语,修饰got,意为意为“哪里;什么地方哪里;什么地方”。)。)第47页9)He didnt tell me how old his friend was(四川省)(四川省)(how引导宾语从句,作程引导宾语从句,作程度状语,修饰度状语,修饰
30、old,意为,意为“怎样;怎样怎样;怎样”等意。)等意。)第48页第二关,切记宾语从句语序是陈说句语序,第二关,切记宾语从句语序是陈说句语序,即即“连接词主语谓语其它连接词主语谓语其它”。这里尤。这里尤其强调是,它主语和谓语语序是陈说句语序,其强调是,它主语和谓语语序是陈说句语序,不是疑问句倒装语序。比如:不是疑问句倒装语序。比如:10)You must remember what your teacher said(河南省)(河南省)11)Dad,do you know when the football game will start?In half an hour(宁波市)(宁波市)第4
31、9页12)汉译英:你能不能告诉我,我们去探)汉译英:你能不能告诉我,我们去探望谁?望谁?误:误:Can you tell me who(m)do we have to see?正:正:Can you tell me who(m)we have to see?第50页第三关,注意时态呼应。第三关,注意时态呼应。宾语从句中谓语动词时态,经常受主句谓宾语从句中谓语动词时态,经常受主句谓语时态制约,这种现象称为语时态制约,这种现象称为“时态呼应时态呼应”。比如:比如:13)汉译英:我原认为你今天有空。)汉译英:我原认为你今天有空。误:误:I thought(that)you are free toda
32、y 正:正:I thought(that)you would be free today第51页14)He thought he was working for the people 15)I heard she had been to the Great W all 16)John hoped that he would find a job soon 第52页但宾语从句假如表示定理法则、永恒真理但宾语从句假如表示定理法则、永恒真理等,则不改变:等,则不改变:17)The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun 第53页巩固与检
33、测请做以下中考题:巩固与检测请做以下中考题:1.In the bookshop,a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book2.(北京市东城区)(北京市东城区)Athat Bhow Cwhat Dif D第54页2I dont know _ Mr Green will come to see us He will help us with our English(杭州市)(杭州市)Awhy Bwhen Chow Dwhere A第55页3We never know _ the old ma
34、n is They say he is a teacher(鄂州市)(鄂州市)Awhat Bwho Cwhich Dwhere 4I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers(重庆市)(重庆市)Athat how Bhow that Cwhen that Dthat when AD第56页5Could you tell me _?Im going to see him Sorry,I dont know (北京市海淀区)(北京市海淀区)Awhere does Mr Li live Bwhere did
35、Mr Li live CWhere Mr Li lives Dwhere Mr Li lived C第57页6W here do you think _ he _ the computer?Sorry,I have no idea(南京市)(南京市)A;bought Bhas;bought Cdid;buy Ddoes;buy A第58页7I dont feel very wellMum asked me _ this morning(重庆市)(重庆市)Awhat the matter is Bwhat is wrong Cwhat was the matter Dwhat wrong was C第59页8Where is Jack?He is away to spend his holidayHes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan,but Im not sure _(南昌市)(南昌市)Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dthere C第60页