现在分词被动式与过去分词的区别.doc

现在分词被动式与过去分词的区别 过去分词和现在分词的被动式都表示被动意义，那么在实际使用中怎样才能准确而迅速地确定用哪一种表达式呢？本文就这个问题用比较法谈谈几点看法。分词的三种被动形式是： A：过去分词done B：现在分词被动语态一般式 being done C：现在分词被动语态完成式having been done 过去分词表示（1）被动动作，（2）动作完成。现在分词被动语态一般式表示（1）被动动作，（2）动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时进行。现在分词被动语态完成式表示（1）被动动作，（2）动作已在谓语动词的动作之前发生或完成。 三者的共同点都是表示被动，而不同点是时间内含不同；过去分词的时间指的是自身动作已完成，不与谓语动词动作的时间相比孰前孰后，而现在分词被动一般式的时间指的是分词的动和正在进行或与谓语动词同时进行。现在分词被动完成式的时间则强调动作已在谓语动词的动作之前发生或完成。很明显，后两者都是以谓语动词的动作时间为参照物，在着它们与谓语动词动作的孰前孰后的问题。上述时间上的差异正是我们用以下判断解题的关键。以下分析几个实例： 一、用过去分词。 这是去年引进的一条先进的生产线。 This is an advanced production line introduced last year. 如果加热水就会汽化。 If heated, water is changed into vapour. 上两句中的introduced，heated都是指动作是被动的，与谓语动词不在时间上比较。 因此可以说我们只强调动作的被动性而不侧重于分词动作与谓语动词之动作的时间关系的话，就用过去分词。 Led by the Party, the Chinese people stood up in 1949 and have been marching from victory to victory. 本句中led就只强调被动，与时间无关。 Educated by the teachers, all the boys and girls have learned a lot these years. 本句中的educated的时间性显然是淡化了，而着力于“教育”这个动作。 二、用现在分词被动语态一般式。 正在建设中的电力工程将会在今后的工农业生产中发挥重要作用。 The power project being constructed now will play an important part in agriculture and industry in the future.(being constructed强调被动动作正在进行，因此带了时间概念很强的状语now。) 现在大会上讨论的问题与人人密切相关。 The question being discussed here is closely connected with everyone. （此句中的being discussed这个正在进行的被动动作的时间性是通过here来突出的。） 三、用现在分词被动语态完成式。 客人们参观完了实验室后又被带去看图书馆。 Having been shown around the lab, the guests were taken to see the library. 句中having been shown意在强调它发生于谓语动词were taken之前。同样，下一句“文件打好了以后就发出去了。”只能译成：Having been typed, the papers were sent out.若译成“Being typed, the papers were sent out”就意味着“边打边发”；若译成“Typed, the papers were sent out”又意味着“凡是打好文件，它们就被发出去。”都背离了愿意。 现在分词和过去分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。1、 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。（1）现在分词The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.（2）过去分词Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.2、while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)分词结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her workOnce recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.3、分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.This is really an exhausting day to all of us!We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries4、分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。5、分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人2