动词-ing形式作定语和状语.doc

概念引入Do you know the boy playing basketball? 你认识那个正在打篮球的男孩儿吗？ They lived in a house facing south. 他住在一所朝南的房里里 Knowing all this ,they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. 我们已经作好充分准备了，现在可以考试了。 用法讲解V-ing 形式 V-ing 形式由 “doing” 构成, 其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。现在分词作定语 现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前,说明其修饰名词的性质或特征,表示“供作之用”和“ 的”。a walking stick (a stick used for walking)drinking water (water for drinking)a waiting room (a room for waiting)working people the rising sun分词是短语形式, 应放在所修饰的名词后, 相当于一个定语从句。They are visitors coming from several countries.who come from several countries.Three days later I received a letter offering me the job.which offered me the job.The girl standing there is my classmate.who stands there现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化:完成式主动形式 被动形式 一般式 V-ing being V-ed完成式 having V-ed having been V-ede. g. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.听见铃声, 学生们开始走进教室。(听见和进入两个动作同时发生)The building being built now is our new library.现在正在建造的这栋楼房是我们的新图书馆。(being built为现在分词的被动形式, 表示动作正在进行之中)Having done the work, he went home.完成了工作, 他就回家了。现在分词在句中作状语, 修饰谓语动词或整个句子, 表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语)。1)表时间状语Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)Waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.(=While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.)2) 表原因状语Being ill, he didnt go to school.(=as he was ill, he didnt go to school.)既然你是一个学生, 你就应该努力学习。Being a student, you should study hard.(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.)由于想到它或许在家, 所以我就给他打了电话。Thinking he might be at home, I called him.(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)3)表方式、伴随情况的状语: 作伴随状语的分词表示的动作, 必须是主语的一个动作, 或是与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生, 或是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。e.g. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)他们笑着谈着走进了教室。Laughing and talking , they went into the classroom.他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.)4) 表结果e.g. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲, 使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song. 5) 表条件Using your head, you will find a way.(=If you use your head, you will find a way.)一直往前走, 你就会看到一座白色地房子。Walking ahead, you will see a white house.6) 与逻辑主语构成独立主格:I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises.如果时间允许, 我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式。With the lights burning, he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。7)作独立成分:Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看, 他一定是个演员。-ing 形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing 形式作定语用时，其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如：The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.I have three letters to write.-ing 形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。 （1）不定式作宾补时，其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.（2）在 see, watch, hear, feel 等之后，如果用-ing 形式作宾补，表示没有听到或看到动作的结束；而用不带 to 的不定式作宾补时，不定式表示听到或看到了动作的结束。如：I hear her singing in the room.I hear her sing in the room.-ing 形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing 形式在句中作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语，如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again.I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.巩固练习完成句子1. The teacher mixed three different liquids, _ (结果发现混合物呈现出红色).(find)2. The leader stayed up all the night, _ (思考第二天做什么).(think)3. _ (挨了批评以后)by his classmates, he didnt go to the internet bar to play computer games anymore. (criticize)4. _ (由于年龄太小)， Li Ming cant join the party.(young)5. Be careful _ (过街时)。 （cross）6. The boy _ (躺在地上的) is a student. (lie)7. _ (没收到答复)，he decided to write another letter. (receive)8. _ (由于看不见)， how could they see an elephant? (blind)9. _ ( 从学校回到家)， I was filled with excitement. (come)10. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ ( 不超过四十磅) must be in a child safety seat. ( weigh)单项选择1. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy_ anything that happened to be on. Ato watchBwatchingCwatched Dto have watched2. A terrible earthquake with tsunami happened in Japan,more than 10,000deaths. AcausingBto causeCcausedDhaving caused3. The 2011 International University Gamesin Shenzhen now appeals to a lot of people across the world. AheldBis being heldCbeing heldDto be held4. The rare fish, _ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. AsavedBsavingCto be savedDhaving saved5. More highways have been built in China, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. AmakingBmadeCto makeDhaving made6. _ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. ANot realizedBNot to realizeCNot realizingDNot to have realized7. Instead of _sights, Edison would spend the time _in the public library. Aseeing, to readBsee, readCto see, to readDseeing , reading8. The old man, _ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. Ato workBworkingCto have workedDhaving worked9. Though _ money, the parents of the twins managed to send them to university. Alacked BlackingClacking of Dlacked in10. “XiJinpings report, ” a smile on his face, he continued, “_ to several hot topics, discusses how to increase peasants income.” AreferringBrefersChaving referredDreferred11. _of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend _ her. AWarned; accompaniedBWarning; accompanyingCHaving warned; accompaniedDHaving been warned; accompanying12. many times, he still didnt make sense of it. AHaving been toldBThen he was told CBeing toldDHe was told13. He sent me an e-mail,_to get further information. AhopedBhopingCto hopeDhope14. The police at Denver International Airport examined a bomb threat against a United Airlines flight to San Francisco,_ the flight for hours. AdelayedBto delayCdelayingDhad delayed15. _ the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completing B. Not completedC. Not having completed D. Having not completed 16. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door _. Aleaving ; unlockingBleft; unlockedCleaving; unlockedDleft; unlocking17. An investigation group _ five men and two women has been sent to the spot to look into the matter. Aconsists ofBis consisted ofCconsisting ofDconsisted of18. The girl came _ to school, extremely _and quite out of breath. Arunning; tiringBrun; tiredCrunning; tiredDrun; tiring19. _ his work , he cant play with his friends. ANot finishingB Finishing notC Not finishD Not finished20. _ the news, they are very happy. AHearingBHeardCHearD. To hear 答案与解析 完成句子1. finding that the mixture was red 2. thinking of what to do the next day 3. Having been criticized 4. Being too young 5.when crossing the street 6. lying on the ground 7. Not being received an answer 8. Being blind 9. Coming home from school 10. weighing less than 40 pounds单项选择1. 答案： A 解析：本题考查非谓语动词用法。句意：这位老人每天晚上总是坐在电视机的前面，非常高兴的看电视上所播放的节目。watch的逻辑主语是指人，主动关系，又根据固定词组be happy to do sth. 高兴做某事。故选A2. 答案： A 解析： 试题分析：考查现在分词做结果状语。现在分词做结果状语表示意料之中的结果；不定式与only连用表示意料之外的结果。本题日本的地震加海啸导致很多人死亡。这是正常的意料之中的结果，故使用现在分词的形式。D项是现在分词的完成式，表示在谓语动词之前已经完成的事情。故A正确。3. 答案： C 解析： 试题分析：考查分词做定语。本题的关键词是now，说明是现在正在发生的事情。the 2011 International University Games与hold构成被动关系，故使用过去分词来修饰，而now又说明是现在正在发生，所以使用现在分词的被动形式being done。故C正确。句意：现在正在深圳举行的2011年世界大学生运动会吸引了全世界的注意力。故C正确。A项表示已经完成，D项表示将要被进行。B项的句子结构错误。4. 答案： A 解析： 试题分析：非谓语动词作后置定语。fish与save之间构成被动关系，排除，不定式表将来，故排除。句意，那条从热锅里救出来的稀有鱼儿已放回了大海。5. 答案： A 解析： 试题分析：考查非谓语动词作结果状语。不定式做结果状语，表示出乎意料，令人惋惜的结果，排除C。highways与make之间构成主动关系，排除B。现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。符合句意，更多的高速公路在中国的修建，使人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅行更容易了。D答案是现在分词的完成式，表示发生在修建之前，故排除。6. 答案： C 解析： 试题分析：考查分词做状语，分词做状语相当于一个原因状语从句，句子意思“因为没有意识到他处于危险之中，埃里克向森林深处走去”，所以选C7. 答案： D 解析： 试题分析：句意为：爱迪生没有外出去看风景，他倒是常常把时间花在图书馆里。固定短语：instead of +V-ing,而不是干-；spend +时间/钱+V-ing ，根据题意可知，此题D选项符合题意8. 答案： D 解析： 试题分析：句意为：那个老人，在海外已经工作了20年了，现在正在返回祖国的路上。动词的非谓语形式也有时态和语态的变化。结合句意可知，空白处句法上相当于结果状语的功能，应用非谓语形式的完成时，主语和谓语为主动关系，结合句意：D为最佳选项9. 答案： B 解析： 试题分析：lack 表缺少的意思，是及物动词，即lack sth.,另此题考察的非谓语动词的用法，lack的逻辑主语为the parents of the twins，表主动，故用lacking ,10. 答案： A 解析： 试题分析：考查现在分词做定语，Xijnpings report和refer to是主动关系，用现在分词做定语.句意：他脸上带着微笑他继续说：关于几个热点话题的习近平的报告是讨论怎么增加农民的收入的.选A。11. 答案： D 解析： 试题分析：考查非谓语动词用法。Warn与she之间构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动，排除BC。Warned和Having been warned都可以，第二空的friend与accompany构成主动关系，故使用现在分词的形式，故D正确。12. 答案： A 解析： 试题分析：考查现在分词的完成被动式做状语，因为是先被告知很多次，还是不懂，所以用现在分词的完成式做状语，句意是：被告知很多次，他还是不理解它。选A。13. 答案： B 解析： 试题分析：考查现在分词做伴随状语，因为he和hope之间是主动关系，用现在分词做结果状语，相当于and he hoped to 句意是：他给我们发了份电子邮件，希望得到更多的消息。14. 答案： C 解析： 试题分析：考查分词，现在分词做状语，名词The police和动词delay是主谓关系，所以用现在分词做状语，所以选C15. 答案： C 解析： 试题分析：考查现在分词的完成式做状语，句意是：没有完成计划，他们只好再呆两星期。因为是先没有完成计划，才要呆在那里。用现在分词的完成式，否定not放在having的前面。选C。16. 答案： C 解析： 试题分析：考查分词，分词做状语，动词unlock和名词the door是动宾关系，所以用过去分词，句子意思“约翰急忙地跑出去，门没锁”17. 答案： C 解析： 试题分析：考查现在分词，现在分词作后置定语，名词An investigation group和动词consist of是主谓关系，所以用现在分词做后置定语，句子意思“包括五个男士和两个妇女的调查小组已经被派到现场调查事情”18. 答案： C 解析： 试题分析：第一空考查现在分词做方式状语，the girl和run是主动关系，用running，第二空考查形容词做状语，句意：女孩跑到学校，累得上气不接下气。选C。19. 答案： A 解析： 试题分析：考查现在分词的否定做状语，he和finish是主动关系，用现在分词，句意: 没有完成作业，他不能和朋友去玩。现在分词的否定，用not doing选A。20. 答案： A 解析： 试题分析：考查现在分词做状语，they和hear是主动关系用现在分词做状语，句意：听到消息，他们很高兴。选A。