中级导游之《汉语言文学知识》考试大纲.doc

position-related consumption of civil servants has been swept by finance, consumer, regardless of cost, extravagance and waste in the civil service position-related consumption, abuse, corruption and embezzlement, corruption is important. Then, under the conditions of market economy, how to reform the existing civil duty consumption management, explores a source to prevent and curb the post consumption corruption way, is currently a major issue faced by honest work. 　　Recently, I conducted research on this issue, this problem on some humble opinions. First, the existing public servants ' duty consumption the main problems seen from the investigation and reasons, in recent years, public servants ' duty consumption caused by the abuses and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems in the party in Government, its operation order have a negative effect on the party and Government organs, seriously damaging the image of the party and the Government, undermining the relationship between party and the masses, effect, opening up and economic construction. From I County in recent years of governance situation see, positions consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon rendering four a features: a is positions consumption system lost has due of binding, right is greater than rules, and right is greater than method of phenomenon more highlight; II is in positions consumption in the Camera Obscura operation, using terms, will positions consumption into has personal consumption, will corporate points to into personal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspects has into positions enjoy and self-dealing of means; three is to positions consumption for name, fraud, false impersonator, Trend of negative corruption phenomena such as corruption and misappropriation; four palaces, follow the fashion, rivalries, wasteful, and post consumption became a symbol of showing off their individual capacities. Caused by public servants ' duty consumption of many "two" phenomenon in which people reflect the biggest problems are: (a) the official car problems. Mainly in three aspects: one is the larger buses cost expenditure. According to statistics, until November 2003, XX County township Department bus 159 cars, which department owns the bus 145 vehicles, and showed an increasing trend. Financial expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yuan. Some units also hiring temporary drivers and expenditure on wages and subsidies. Necessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", leading to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong breed unhealthy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus drivers use one-third, one-third leading private one-third used for official purposes. Some public servants, especially leading officials motoring, cars for private purposes, violating the self-discipline regulations, and even lead to traffic accidents. According to statistics from related departments, since 2004, the correct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purposes or
2013年全国中级导游员等级考试大纲（试行）
《汉语言文学知识》
总体要求
通过本书的学习,要求考生了解与导游工作相关的汉语言文学知识,熟悉常用的汉字、导游语言及旅游文学的特点和作用，并能结合导游工作实际予以应用，丰富导游讲解的文化内涵，增强导游语言表达的形象性、艺术性,力求导游语言形象生动、引人入胜。
考试方式与题型题量
考试为闭卷、笔试；考试时间为120分钟。包括单选（4项选1)44题（每题1分)、多选（5项选2、3或4）20题（每题1分）、填空20题（每题1分）、论述2题（每题8分）。
第一编 汉字与导游语言
第一章 汉字文化导游知识
考试目的：通过本章的考试,检查考生对汉字文化导游知识了解、熟悉与掌握的程度。
考试内容:
第一节 汉字与旅游的关系
了解汉字的历史、汉字文化在旅游中的作用；熟悉汉字的种类,能识别不同种类汉字的形体特点，熟悉汉字特点产生的修辞技巧；掌握《说文解字》（许慎著）划分的汉字六种造字方法.
第二节 汉字在导游中的作用
了解汉字形体的艺术变化和汉字结构的文化功能，掌握在导游中常见的难读易错汉字的读音。
第二章 导游语言
考试目的:通过本章的考试，检查考生对导游语言相关知识了解、熟悉与掌握的程度。
考试内容:
第一节 导游词概述
熟悉导游词的含义、分类方法及其特点，掌握导游词不同语体的表达风格和导游词不同的表现形式。
第二节 导游词的表达艺术
熟悉导游词表达的特点,掌握导游词表达的基本要求。
第二编 旅游文学知识
旅游与旅游文学概述
考试目的：通过本章的考试,检查考生对旅游文学了解、熟悉和掌握的程度.
考试内容：
了解旅游文学的含义与渊源,熟悉旅游文学的特征和作用,以及导游人员应具备的旅游文学知识.
第一章至第八章
考试目的：检查考生对旅游景点诗文了解、熟悉和掌握的程度.
考试内容:
了解选篇的作者、朝代、篇名、景点。
理解选篇的内容，会讲解，会翻译。
掌握重点篇目，记识精彩语句。
了解篇目:
1、 颐和园铜牛铭（爱新觉罗·弘历）
2、 盘山道中（朱之蕃）
3、 孟姜女庙联（文天祥）
4、 题云冈石窟寺（宋昱）
5、 游悬空寺（邓克劭）
6、 青冢(王循）
7、 内蒙古呼和浩特长白书院联（薛慰农）
8、 长相思（鲁歌）
9、 题太阳岛、松花江联(门奎)
10、 寒山寺联（邹福保）
11、 泰山刻石（李斯）
12、 望庐山瀑布(李白)
13、 少林寺寺外门石柱联（佚名）
14、 黄山狮子林联（毛大周）
15、 庐山五老峰联（佚名)
16、 庐山简寂观联(李渔）
17、 游肇庆七星岩（叶剑英）
18、 广州陶陶居酒家联（佚名）
19、 桂林独秀峰联（廖鸿熙）
20、 郑成功纪念馆联(郭沫若）
21、 武夷山—览台联（佚名）
22、 人月圆、泛大理海子(杨慎）
23、 甲秀楼（江东之）
24、 贵阳甲秀楼联（刘蕴泉)
25、 自巴东舟行经瞿塘峡登巫山最高峰晚还题壁（李白）
26、 华山（寇准)
27、 天水麦积山石窟联(叶昌炽）
28、 青海湖拟日月山石碑联（佚名)
29、 说园联（王树楠）
30、 波密穷多宗衙门联（裕纲)
熟悉篇目：
1、 天坛松月（戴梓)
2、 题写长城联（罗哲文）
3、 盛京旧宫再依皇祖原韵（爱新觉罗·弘历）
4、 题千山景物联(尚文化)
5、 泊秦淮(杜牧）
6、 莫愁湖联（彭玉麟）
7、 题南京长江大桥联（窦天语)
8、 灵隐寺（宋之问)
9、 钱塘观潮（施闰章）
10、 大明湖（曾巩)
11、 孔府大门联（纪昀）
12、 嵩山(顾炎武)
13、 龙门山色（吕维祺）
14、 山行(杜牧)
15、 衡阳南天门牌坊联(佚名)
16、 题武陵源联（刘新明）
17、 海角天涯胜迹联（李求真）
18、 滇海曲（其一)（杨慎）
19、 滇池大观楼联(孙髯）
20、 都江堰联(佚名)
21、 题九寨沟联（侯正荣)
22、 夜入瞿塘峡（白居易）
23、 题长江三峡联(魏建国）
24、 华山玉泉院联（严长明)
25、 月牙泉联(佚名)
26、 题敦煌鸣沙山月牙泉联（宗学义)
27、 苏幕遮·青海湖（时乐鸣)
28、 青山禅院联(佚名)
29、 新界长山古寺联(佚名）
30、 妈祖阁联(佚名）
31、 松山风雨亭联（佚名）
32、 台北市武圣庙联（王凯泰)
33、 郑成功庙联（佚名）
掌握篇目:
1、 御花园花朝（爱新觉罗·弘历）
2、 颐和园(爱新觉罗·溥杰）
3、 登万里长城（康有为）
4、 题天安门广场人民英雄纪念碑联（陈谦)
5、 故宫太和门联(佚名)
6、 颐和园仁寿殿联（爱新觉罗·弘历）
7、 长城居庸关联（萧诗）
8、 天安门广场人民英雄纪念碑碑文（毛泽东)
9、 步出夏门行·观沧海（曹操）
10、 浪淘沙·北戴河（毛泽东）
11、 长城山海关联(佚名)
12、 避暑山庄后序 （第二自然段）(爱新觉罗·弘历)
13、 晋祠门联（刘大鹏）
14、 应县木塔联（佚名）
15、 长白山（吴兆骞）
16、 沈阳故宫衍庆宫联（阮元）
17、 吉林北山玉皇阁联(成多禄）
18、 镜泊湖望湖亭联（佚名）
19、 豫园新咏（陈诏）
20、 豫园卷雨楼联（佚名）
21、 登金陵凤凰台（李白）
22、 寄扬州韩绰判官（杜牧）
23、 枫桥夜泊（张继）
24、 中山陵联(汪尔驹）
25、 春题湖上(白居易）
26、 西湖三潭印月联（程云）
27、 杭州灵隐寺联（赵孟兆 页 )
28、 望岳（杜甫）
29、 大明湖小沧浪园联(刘凤诰）
30、 泰山南天门联(佚名）
31、 黄鹤楼(崔颢）
32、 念奴娇·赤壁怀古（苏轼）
33、 黄鹤楼联（萨迎阿）
34、 登岳阳楼（杜甫）
35、 望洞庭(刘禹锡）
36、 岳阳楼联（何绍基）
37、 望九华山赠青阳韦仲堪(李白)
38、 黄山九龙瀑联（佚名)
39、 登庐山(毛泽东)
40、 广州镇海楼联（彭玉麟）
41、 送桂州严大夫(韩愈）
42、 独秀峰(张固)
43、 龙隐洞联（刘德宜）
44、 游武夷(郁达夫）
45、 五指参天（丘浚）
46、 雷琼道大堂联(佚名）
47、 滇海曲（其二)(杨慎）
48、 石林（赵朴初）
49、 洱海联（赵藩)
50、 蝴蝶泉联(彭祜）
51、 丽江玉泉公园得月楼联（郭沫若)
52、 黄果树庙壁题诗（佚名）
53、 黄果树瀑布联（佚名）
54、 蜀相（杜甫）
55、 乐山大佛（时乐鸣）
56、 九寨沟风景区（熊克威）
57、 成都武侯祠联(赵藩)
58、 过始皇陵(王维)
59、 过华清宫绝句(杜牧）
60、 华清池联（杨颐)
61、 题黄帝陵联(姜园宪)
62、 敦煌二十咏(选一）（佚名）
63、 访莫高窟(吴丈蜀）
64、 瑶池（李商隐）
根据工程勘察报告揭露，本场地自地表至持力层深度范围内所揭露的土层主要由饱和粘土、砂土组成，具有成层分布的特点。leaders driving a vehicle accident caused by road accidents, 1, 1 people killed and direct economic losses amounting to more than 100,000 yuan. Third, high efficiency and low cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operating costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundamental priority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in the reform process. Clearly, the post consumption averages three years before as a base and fine-tuned on the basis of this single practices must be improved. Improvements to adhere to three principles: first, under the existing policy provisions approved for public servants ' duty consumption standards, calibration, is not contrary to policy. Second, according to the local financial situation and people's sustainability, public servants ' duty consumption standards approved, both financial reach, and people passing through. Third, according to the operational needs of civil servants responsible for authorized public servants ' duty consumption standards, both high and low positions, but also the nature of the work and the workload. 　　In reform of method Shang, approved civil servants positions consumption standard to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, that most positions consumption project should according to policy provides proposed unified standard, consider to ranks, and units and the work task of differences sex, unified of standard should has elastic of and dynamic of, makes regions, and units in implementation unified standard Shi has must of flexible disposal right; but since set of standard must after financial, and audit, sector audit approved Hou to implementation. (C) reform package. Public servants ' duty consumption elasticity of consumption to limit consumption, turning mess into kitchen after dinner, follow the civil servant with a how to use personal title subsidies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsidies. Therefore, we must establish and perfect with public servants ' duty consumption monetization reform support of the series of governance systems such as the civil service examination of responsibility, system, low fault investigation system, the report said. While other measures to keep up. 　　Discipline inspection and supervision organs, financial, auditing departments should strengthen supervision and inspection of public servants ' duty consumption monetization reform progress, to strengthen the reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor the implementation of inspection, not consumption as required, even shifting consumer behavior to stop, serious cases to deal with. Three ideas, public servants ' duty consumption monetization reform of politics, the economy and the deepening of the reform, public servants ' duty consumption as somewhere between a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civil servants especially party and Government leaders and public servants ' duty consumption there are big drawbacks. NPC deputies and CPPCC members and the broad masses are concerned about. Secondly, the5