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牛津沪教版英语九年级上代词专项复习学案.doc

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1、牛津沪教版英语九年级上代词专项复习学案九年级上代词专项练习一、 考点分析 代词是中考必考点。其中人称代词,物主代词,反身代词以及不定代词是历年各区一模,二模的必考点。尤其是不定代词的考察每年都会考。选择1分,词转1分,和代词相关短语在句子改写中会考。首字母填空也会考察代词的运用。所以对于代词的掌握十分重要。二 专题详解基本概念和分类:代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。用法详解 1、人称代词1) 分类 数 单数 复数格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格第一人称 I me we us第二人称 you you you you第三人称

2、 he him they them she her they them it it they them2)用法1. 主格用来作主语,宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语。例:We all like learning English. 我们都喜欢学英语。Please tell him to return my book to me tomorrow. 请告诉他明天把我的书还给我。 2. 作表语一般用宾格,但在比较正式的场合用主格。例:Who is it? 谁呀? Its me.是我。(非正式) It is I. 是我。(正式) 3)排列顺序 1单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称 第三人称 第一人

3、称例:You, he and I should help one another.我、你、他应该彼此帮助。She and I are of the same age.我和她同岁。2复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称 第二人称 第三人称例:We, you and they are all Chinese.我们、你们和他们都是中国人。 注意:在承认错误,承担责任时,I 放在其他人前面表示勇于承认错误,we放在其他人后面。例:I and my brother made the mistake.我和兄弟犯了错误。 They, you and we should leave there at on

4、ce.我们、你们和他们应该立即离开那里。练习1. Send _a postcard from Australia when you are there. A. I B. me C. my D. mine2.Im talking to you, Jack. Please listen to _ carefully. A. me B. mine C. you D. yours答案:A B解析:观察设空,三道题设空分别在句首和动词及介词后,分别缺少主语和宾语,因此选用人称代词。缺主语用主格,缺宾语用宾格。It用法v it既是宾格又可以做主格,有时也可以指人。v 1. 代表前面提到过的事物。如: My

5、 pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere.v 2. 用来指人,主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。 -Who is knocking at the door? -It is me. The woman had a baby. It was five months old.v 3. 表示时间、距离、天气等。如:It will be sunny tomorrow.v 4. 作形式主语或者形式宾语。如: I found it difficult to learn English well first. It is impossible for us to learn

6、a foreign language.it 固定句型1. 做某事情对某人来说是 It is + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth. It is hard for me to do this work.2. 轮到某人做 Its ones turn to do sth. Its your turn to clean the room.3. 是(某人)做某事的时候了 Its time (for sb.) to do sth.Its time for you to do the homework.4. 据说 Its said that Its said that your teac

7、her leave our school.5. 某人花费做某事 It takes sb. some time to do sth.6. 自从以来,已经有(时间)了。 It is / has been + 时段 + since + 从句(过去时)7. 某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的 find sb. think + it + adj. to do feel make练一练:1. I found _ very difficult to make progress in my study . A. its B. it C. that2. It _ my father a whole month t

8、o go on business . A. spent B. cost C. took3. It is great fun _ surfing on the Internet . A. go B. to go C. going人称代词口诀人称代词主宾格,作用不同莫用错。主格动词前做主,动词介词后宾格。You和it主宾同,其他主宾须分清。人称代词并列现,尊重他人礼当先。单数人称二三一,复数人称一二三。若把错误责任担,第一人称我靠前。2、物主代词1)分类数单数复数人称一二三一二三类型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性miney

9、ourshishersitsoursyourstheirs2)用法1. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,放在名词之前作定语。例:His parents are both teachers. 他的父母都是老师。2. 名词性物主代词相当于名词,不能用于名词之前。名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与“of”连用(属双重所有格的一种形式)。例:My ruler is red and yours is yellow. 我的尺子是红色的,你的是黄色的。(作主语)My pen is broken, may I use yours? 我的钢笔坏了,我可以用你的吗?(作宾语)物主代词记忆口诀:物主代词分两种

10、,形容词性名词性。形容词性能力差,自己不能来当家。句子当中作定语,身后定把名词加。物主代词名词性,相当名词可单用。句中充当主宾表,身后没有名词影。两种代词形不同,添个s形变名。his, its不用变,my变mine要记清。1. What are you reading? The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. _ writer is Mark Twain. A. It B. Its C. He D. His2. Dogs are my sisters favorite pets. These cute dogs are _. A. mine B. theirs C. his

11、 D. hers 答案:B D 解析:第一题设空后有名词writer,需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰,“它的作者”,因此选B. 第二题设空后没有名词,因此用名词性物主代词。根据人称sister,选择D.总结 人称物主的选择1) 翻译2) 人称主格宾格物主有名词形容词性 无名词名词性3、反身代词1)分类人称数第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself, itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves 2)用法:反身代词用法口诀:反身代词表自身,句中可作三成分; 动介后面用作宾,表示动作回自身; 句中强调同位语,主语宾语后变跟

12、; 系动be后作表语,这个用法要牢记。 1.反身代词在句中可作同位语,起强调作用:例:The headmaster himself will go to see my parents. 校长将亲自去见我的父母。 The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。2.作宾语:有些动词需有反身代词:absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave例:She is old enough to look after herself. 她长大了,能自己照顾自己了。We enjoy

13、ed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。 Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。3.作表语: 例:I am not quite myself today. 我今天感觉不好。3)积累:记住这些常用的反身代词的短语,写作文时用得上的哦!by oneself 亲自 absent oneself from 缺席call oneself 自称为 congratulate oneself 庆幸自己 engage oneself in 忙于 excuse oneself为自己开脱make oneself at h

14、ome 不要客气 occupy oneself in忙于learn by oneself 自学 be oneself 身体状态好come to oneself 苏醒 behave oneself 规矩;表现得有礼貌dress oneself (in) 自己穿() hurt oneself 受伤express oneself 表达自己的意思 make oneself understood使别人理解seat oneself 坐 talk to oneself 自言自语help oneself to 随便吃(喝); enjoy oneself过得愉快;for oneself为自己;lose ones

15、elf in陶醉于;teach oneself=learnby oneself自学;devote oneself to 专心于;献身于 练习:1.Who teaches_painting? Nobody, I teach _.A. your; mine B. your; my C. you; myself D. you; me答案:C 解析:人称代词的用法。根据题意:谁教你画画?没有人,我教我自己。根据题意可知第一个空用人称代词,第二个空用反身代词。2. Welcome to my new house, Ann and John! Help to some fruit. A. myself B

16、. yourself C. yourselves D. ourselves答案:C解析:help yourself为固定短语“随便吃(喝)”。3. How did your uncle learn to play the guitar? By .A. myselfB. yourself C. herself D. himself答案:D解析:反身代词的用法。 by后加反身代词,表示“某人自己的”,主语为your uncle 故用himself。4、疑问代词1)分类疑问代词意义作用例句who谁作主语,用来指人Who is the girl under the tree?whom谁作宾语,用来指人

17、Whom do you want to see?whose谁的用来指所属关系,如果作定语,一般后接名词Whose pen is this?which哪个,哪些用来指人或物在一定范围限制之内进行选择Which girl will be in the meeting?what什么通常指物,一般用在未指出范围的情况下What can you see in the picture?2)相关考点:疑问副词how(方式), when(时间), where(地点), why(原因);how组成的疑问副词短语: how often(提问频率 “多久一次”) ;how far(提问距离“多远”); how so

18、on(“多快,多久以后”);how long(提问长度或时间段“多长,多久”);how much(提问价钱;提问不可数名词数量“多少”);how many(提问可数名词数量“多少”)how many times (对次数提问)练习:1. _ are you looking for? The key to my bike. A. Where B. Who C. What D. When2. _ did you go to the doctor, Tim? Two weeks ago. A. How B. Where C. What D. When 3. _ will your father co

19、me back from New York? In two days. A. How long B. How soonC. How oftenD. How many4. -_ do they go to the village school? Once a month. A. How often B. How longC. How farD. How many答案:C D B A解析:选择疑问词的突破点是答语,根据答语来确定疑问词。1.答语the key,用疑问代词what;2.答语Two weeks ago 用when提问时间;3.答语In two days“两天后”,用how soon提问

20、“多久以后”;注意how soon 多于一般将来时连用。4.答语Once a month“一月一次”,用how often提问频率。注意how often多与一般现在时连用5、指示代词指代单数复数近指thisthese远指thatthose1. 指示代词有单复数之分,既可指物,也可用于介绍人。 例:This is an apple tree, and that is an orange tree. These are my friends, and that is my sister.2. 刚提到过的事情或已经完成的事情用that,指即将发生的或将要提到的事情用this。 例:Please r

21、emember this: No pains, no gains. 请记住:不劳无获。3. 在打电话时,this表示“我”,that表示“你”。例:Hello! This is Mike. Whos that? Hello! This is John. 4. that 和those 可用来代替前面提到过的名词。that代替单数名词或不可数名词,those代替复数名词。 例:The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that in Beijing. 上海的天气没有北京那么冷。The pears in my basket are smaller than

22、in Jims.A. it B. that C. ones D. those答案:D解析:在表示比较的句子中指代单数的人或物时用that,指代复数的人或物时用those。本题中指代的是比较的另一方pears,故选thosev 【辨析】one, ones, it, thatit 常用来特指上下文提到的同一事物,用来指可数名词或者不可数名词,one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子,用于代替可数名词,that常用在比较等级中,代表前面提到的名词,以避免重复。 The book is mine. It is very interesting. I have some apples. You can

23、have one. The weather of Dalian is much wetter than that of Lanzhou. one 同类不同件 it同类同件1. The box is in the middle of the room. Move _ away. A. it B. one C. /2. I have lost my pen. I have to buy _. A. one B. it C. /3. How nice your bag is! I want to buy _. A. it B. one C. /6、相互代词:each other ,one anoth

24、er如: We must help each other when we are in trouble. 我们身处困境时要互相帮助。They sat there without talking to one another / each other. 他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。7、 连接代词:引导名词性从句8、 关系代词:引导定语从句9、不定代词1)分类:普通不定代词和复合不定代词 初中阶段常用普通不定代词 some; any few; little none one other many; much either; neither each; every both; all初中阶段常用复合

25、不定代词somebody (某人)anybody(某人/任何人)nobody(没有人)everybody(每人)someone(某人)anybody(某人/任何人)no one (没有人)everyone(每人)something(某事)anything(某事/任何事)nothing (没有东西)everything(每一件事)2)用法:many和much:many与可数名词复数连用; 与不可数名词连用。如:I dont have many friends here. 在这里我没有很多的朋友.。We can learn much with the help of him. 在他的帮助之下我们能

26、学到很多。some 和anysome,any既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词;some常用在肯定句中;any多用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中。 1)some用于表示请求、邀请、建议的疑问句,或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中,如:Will you have another cup of tea? 再来杯茶好吗?Mum, could you give me some money? 妈妈,能给我些钱吗?2)当any表示“任何”或“无论哪一个”的含义时,可用于肯定句,如:You may come at any time that is convenient to you. 你可以在对你方便的任何

27、时候来。 Im thirsty. Could you let me have coke? A. little B. any C. some D. other答案:C解析:some一般用在肯定句中,而在否定句和疑问句中一般用any;但要注意some的特殊用法:在提出邀请、建议或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中用some而不用any。句意“我口渴了,你能让我喝些可乐吗?”说话者希望得到对方的肯定回答。因此选C。little, a little, few, a few可数不可数肯定a few(有一些)a little (有一点儿)否定few(几乎没有)little(几乎没有) 1. Would you

28、 like some more coffee? Yes. Just _. Thanks.A. little B. few C. a little D. a few 2.I need _ bananas to make fruit salad. Could you please buy some?A. few B. a few C. little D. a little解题方法:一看名词,二看句意答案:C B解析: 1.名词是coffee,为不可数名词,排除B.D. 再根据句意要一些,选带a的a little。2.名词是banana,为可数名词,排除C.D. 再根据句意需要一些,选带a的a fe

29、w。两者三者都都不任一每一另一二者bothneithereithereachthe other三者allnoneanyeveryanother1)both, either, neither都表示两者。常用搭配:bothand(两者都), neithernor(既不,也不), eitheror(或者,或者/要么,要么)。(就近原则)Neither you nor he is wrong. 主谓一致: Either my father or my mother cooks at home.Both she and I are students.(谓语动词用复数)2)all和none表示三者或三者以

30、上。all 表示全部肯定,而none表示全部否定;all 作主语时,指人看作复数,指物看作单数;none作主语时,看作单复数都行。 none和no one的区别none既可指人也可指物,常暗示一定范围,因此多与表示范围的介词of 短语连用;no one只能指人,不能与of 短语连用。none与数量有关,可回答how many或how much,表示“一个也没有”; no one表示“什么人也没有”,可回答who; who-no one短的长;少的多how many-none长的短;多的少How many people are there in the room? 房间里有多少人?None. 一

31、个没有。Who is in the office? 谁在办公室?No one. 没有人。1. Which do you prefer, bananas or ranges? . I enjoy eating apples. A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All答案:C解析:问句意为“香蕉和桔子你更喜欢哪个?”答句中最后一句意为“我喜欢吃苹果。”由此推知,香蕉和桔子他都不喜欢,故用代词neither表示“两者都不”。both为“两者都”,either为“两者中的任一个”,all 指“三者或三者以上都”。2. Sam looks like his Dad. The

32、y are tall. A. either B. any C. all D. both答案:D解析:句意“Sam长得像他爸爸。他们两人个子都很高。”上句中提到了Sam和他的父亲,they指代这两个人,所以both(两者都)正确。3. I tried several jackets on, but of them looked good. A. both B. either C. none D. neither 答案:C解析:句意“我试穿了几件夹克,但没有一件合身的。”题干中several意为“几个,数个”,表示的是“三个或三个以上”,“一个也没有”应为none,故选C。3) each,ever

33、yeach 指两个或两个以上的人或物中的每一个,强调个体every 指三个或三个以上的人或物中的每一个,侧重整体each指若干固定数目中的每一个(特指)every指任何一个(泛指);each兼有代词和形容词特点,可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语each作同位语时,不影响谓语动词的数,如:We each have a ticket. (不能用has)every是形容词,只能作定语,如: Each student (Each of the students) has a dictionary. Every competitor in the contest was awarded a notebook

34、 and a pen. 4) other, the other,others, the others, another one the other用于只有两个的情况下,一定范围内两人(物),一个用one,另一个用the other。 one the others 用于有三个以上的情况下,一定范围内三者以上,一个用one,其余的用the others。例句: Some students are inside the classroom but the other students are outside the classroom. This girl is good at English. H

35、ow about the other three? some others 没有范围的情况下,一些,另一些。 some the others 一定范围内的一些,其余的。例句:Some people like playing badminton and others like playing volleyball.一些人爱打羽毛球,而另一些人喜欢打排球。Some students are playing badminton on the playground and the others are playing volleyball.一些学生正在操场上打羽毛球,其他学生在打排球。 one one

36、(another), the other 一定范围内三者,一个用one,另一个用one (another),第三个可用the other。 others = other people / things 泛指别的人或物时,用others当在一定范围内,除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部时,也用others。批注:other后面需要加名词的复数形式例句:Some students are playing football and other students are playing basketball. another: 泛指另一个,不与the连用, 只能跟可数名词单数。例句:I dont lik

37、e this one, will you please show me anotherWe asked him to sing us another song.I need another three chairs.必备句型:onethe other一个另一个 someothers. 一些另一些 somethe others一些其余的bothand两者都eitheror 或者,或者/要么,要么neithernor既不也不 one after another 一个接一个 1. I have two vacation plans. One is going to the summer camp,

38、_ is being a volunteer. A. another B. other C. the other D. others 答案:C.解析:语境中给出了two vacation plans。考查搭配onethe other,故选C.2.Oh, the traffic is so heavy. Lets change _ route to the airport.A. other B. others C. the other D. another答案:D 解析:考查不定代词。题干为“换别的路线”,而other为“另外的”;others后不能加名词;the other为两者当中的另一个;

39、another表示“再,又;别的,其他的;任何一个”,指三者或以上的任何一个。3. Remember not to lend this computer to . A. other B. the other C. others D. another答案:C解析:句意为“不要把电脑借给别人”。泛指其他的人,选C. other后需要加people;the other 是特指,后面也需要加people,才能表示其他的人,不加people仅表示两者中的另一个;another表示三者或三者以上的另一个.复合不定代词: 复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-

40、thing所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括:someone(某人)somebody(某人)something(某事物)somewhere(某地)anyone(任何人)anybody(任何人)anything(任何事物)anywhere(任何地方)no one(没人)nobody(没人)nothing(没事物)nowhere(没有地方)everyone(每个人)everybody(每个人)everything(一切事物)everywhere(一切地方),共十六个。这些复合代词具有名词性质,在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。1、something,someone,somebody通常用于肯定句中,而anything,anyone,anybody一般用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中。如:He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。Do you have anything to say ?你有话要说吗?I cant meet anybody on the island. 在岛上,我没遇见任何人。2、在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句,以及表示反问的问句中,也用something,someone,somebody等复合不定代词。如:Would you like

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