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牛津英语3A 知识点总结(一)
一. 名词:
表示物体名称的词
1.分类:
①专有名词:例如人名(Alice),地名(Shenyang)等 (首字母要大写)
②普通名词:例如眼睛(eye),头发(hair)等
2.普通名词的分类:
①可数名词:可以数出来的名词,有复数 例如:ear----ears
②不可数名词:不可以数出来的名词,没有复数 例如:hair
☆可数名词变复数的规则变化:
①直接+___________
②以_____, ________, _________,_________结尾,直接+____________
③以y结尾
__________+y结尾,直接+___________
__________+y结尾,把y变________,再+___________
④以f或者_________结尾,把_______或者________去掉,再+_____________
⑤以o结尾,大部分直接+_________
但是黑人,英雄,____________________, __________________+___________
☆可数名词变复数的不规则变化:
①把man变_____________
②单复____________
中国人, ____________,日本人,鹿,_____________
③oo变___________
_________________ ________________ ________________
④加en或者_________
公牛ox(复数) oxen _________________
⑤特殊变化:_______________________________
练习:
1. 选出不同类的单词
( ) 1.A. Mary B.Miss C.Mr
( ) 2.A.cat B.sheep C.egg
( ) 3.A.morning B.afternoon C.hello
( ) 4. A.milk B.rice C.doll
( ) 5. A.sheep B.ice-cream C.wolf
2. 判断下列单词是不是可数名词,如果是写出复数,如果不是,画×
1. hair _____________ 2.rabbit _______________ 3.eye ____________
4. ear_______________ 5.water________________ 6.friend___________
7. boy_______________ 8.family________________ 9.wolf____________
10. peach____________ 11.sheep_______________ 12.fish____________
13. mouse____________ 14.tomato_____________ 15.zoo___________
16. milkman___________ 17.child_______________ 18.book__________
3. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. These are my _____________(book).
2. Count the ____________(chick).
3. How many _____________(boy)? --One ___________(boy).
4. This is my ___________(bed).
5. Its ___________(ear) are long. Its tail _________(be)short. It’s a __________(rabbit).
二. 冠词:
1. 不定冠词: _________ ___________
含义:
一个(泛指)
用法:
a+________字母开头的单词前 例如:一个大苹果 ______________
an+_______字母开头的单词前 例如:一个苹果 _______________
2. 定冠词: __________
含义:
表示这个,那个,这些,那些(特指)
用法:
①第二次提到 This is a girl. The girl is my friend.
②说话双方都知道 擦黑板。______________________________________
数小鸡。______________________________________
3. 零冠词:/
用法:
①人名前无冠词 她是Alice._________________________________
②四季前无冠词 在冬天____________________________________
练习:
1. 用a ,an ,/来填空
1. This is _______egg.
2. It’s _______dog.
3. I want __________ice-cream.
4. In_______autumn,it’s cool.
5. He is ___________Mr Li.
2. 翻译下列短语
1. 打开门__________________________ 2.穿上我的鞋_______________________
3. 一个大苹果______________________ 4.一个桔子_________________________
5. 看黑板__________________________ 6.它的眼睛_________________________
三. 形容词:
用来形容人或物的词
1.形容词的位置
①放在名词前,修饰名词 例如:长头发 _______________
②.系表结构:主语+be+形容词 例如:我很高。________________
2. 高的 _________________ 矮的____________________
长的_________________ 短的____________________
胖的_________________ 瘦的____________________
大的_________________ 小的____________________
旧的_________________ 新的____________________
老的_________________ 年轻的__________________
热的_________________ 冷的____________________
温暖的_______________ 凉爽的__________________
高兴的________________ 伤心的__________________
黑色的________________ 白色的___________________
3. 同义句
它很暖和。_________________________ =__________________________
我不高兴。_________________________=_____________________________
练习:
1. 写出划线单词的反义词
1. Spring is a warm season. But autumn is _______________.
2. I have a big apple. You have a _______one.
3. My father is tall. My mother is ________.
4. This is a fat pig. That is a _______monkey.
5. Don’t open the window. Please ________it.
2. 按要求完成下列句子
1. He is fat.(变成否定句,句意不变)_____________________________________
2. My mother is short.(一般疑问句,肯定回答)______________________________
3. I am thin.(一般疑问句,否定回答)______________________________________
四. 代词
1.人称代词:为了避免重复,用来代替上文提到的人或物
单数
复数
主格
形容词性物主代
主格
形容词性物主代
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
注意:句型转换时:I---you we---you my---your our---your的互换
用法:主格+动词 形物代+名词 动词或者介词+宾格
I(宾格)--- me you(宾格)--- you they(宾格)---them
2. 指示代词:代替人或物的词
(近指) 这个 ______________ 这些 _________________
(远指) 那个 ______________ 那些 _________________
注意:疑问句中出现指示代词时,回答时不能用指示代词
练习:
1. 按要求改写句子
1. These are cats.(单数句)______________________________________________
2. These are my pencils.(一般疑问句,肯定回答)____________________________
3. She is my sister.(一般疑问句)_________________________________________
4. These are old books.(单数句)___________________________________________
5. This is a beautiful doll.(复数句)_____________________________________
6. What’s this?(用桔子回答)______________________________________________
7. What’re these?(用桔子回答)___________________________________________
8. Is this Peter?(肯定回答)______________________________________________
2. 读一读,选词填空
this these you I my your
1. --This is ______book. --Yes, this is my book.
2. ________is a blackboard._________are desks and chairs.
3. This pen is nice. ________ruler is long. ________pencils are short.
4. _________room is small. Your room is big.
5. _________am a girl. __________hair is long.
6. --_______bed is nice. --Thank ____________.
3. 选择
( ) 1.--Is ______your bed? --Yes, ____is.
A. these it B.this it C.this they
( ) 2.These _________ my rabbits.
A. is B.are C.am
( ) 3.--Who_______?--He is my brother Joe.
A. am I B.are you C.is he
( ) 4.--What are these? --________are my books.
A. This B.These C.They
( ) 5.Look at ______ tail. _______short.
A. it’s It’s B.its It’s C.its Its
( ) 6.Count _______again.
A.they B.them C.their
五.数词
和数字有关的词,叫做数词
一____________ 二_____________ 三______________ 四______________
五____________ 六_____________ 七______________ 八______________
九____________ 十_____________ 十一____________ 十二____________
练习:
1. 读一读,填入合适的数词
1. two,three,_________,five
2. five,six,_________,eight
3. one+two=____________
4. eight+_______=ten
5. nine+one=__________
6. twelve-seven=___________
2. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Amy has two big ______________(eye).
2. There are four____________(book)on the table.
3. Is there _____________(some)milk in the glass?
4. --How many _____________(kite)? One ________(kite).
5. --How much is it? --It’s ten __________(yuan).
3. 按要求完成下列句子
1. Seven chicks.(对划线部分提问)_________________________________________
2. There is a star.(对划线部分提问)_______________________________________
3. These pears are five yuan.(对划线部分提问)____________________________
六.动词
1.实义动词
有实际意义的动词叫做实义动词。
看_____________ 看...__________ 看见_______________
打扫,擦_______ 打开___________ 关上_______________
有_____________ 跑_____________ 唱歌_______________
跳舞___________ 画画___________ 剪,切_____________
剪下来_________ 涂颜色_________ 弯腰_______________
2.be动词
___________ __________ ____________
口诀:我用__________, 你用___________,_________用于_____.______,_______
___________名词用is,复数一律都用___________
练习:
1. 用be动词来填空
1. I have a table. The table _______new.
2. --How much __________the oranges? --Two yuan.
3. --How ________you? --I____fine.
4. This lemon _______sour. These apples ______sweet.
5. It_______hot.Open the door, plese.
6. My hair _______long. My eyes _____big.
7. --Who _______he? --He _____my father.
2. 选词填空
1. ____________(Look, Look at) the kite.
2. ___________(Look, Look at)!The lion’s kite is high.
3. ___________(It’s, Its)ears are small._________(It’s, Its)a mouse.
4. This is my father. ______________(She,He)is a doctor.
3. 按要求完成下列句子
1. I am tall. I am thin.(两句合为一句)_________________________________
2. Here are two pears for you.(单数句)_________________________________
3. Joe is my brother.(对划线部分提问)__________________________________
4. Are you my mother?(肯定句)__________________________________________
5. Open the window,please.(否定句)_____________________________________
6. Please clean the blackboard.(否定句)__________________________________
七.方位介词
表位方向或位置的词,叫做介词
1. 在...里面_______________ 2.在...里面________________
3. 在...上面_______________ 4.在...下面________________
固定搭配:
1. 在雨中_____________________ 2.在水果店_________________________
3. 在桌子上___________________ 4.在天上___________________________
5. 在春天_____________________ 6.在夏天___________________________
7. 在秋天_____________________ 8.在冬天___________________________
八. 特殊疑问词
单词
意思
用法
1
what
什么
问物体
2
What colour
什么颜色
问颜色
3
What season
什么季节
问季节
4
who
谁
问人
5
how
怎么样
问情况
6
How old
几岁
问年纪
7
How many
多少
问可数名词数量
8
How much
①多少钱
②多少
①问价钱
②问不可数名词数量
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+剩余部分的一般疑问句?
注意:How much(问数量)+不可数名词+剩余部分一般疑问句?
How many+可数名词复数+剩余部分的一般疑问?
练习:
1. 对划线部分提问
1. It’s a rabbit.________________________________________________________
2. This pear is two yuan._________________________________________________
3. Three boys are in the zoo.______________________________________________
4. I have two apples._____________________________________________________
5. It is spring.__________________________________________________________
6. My little brother is one.______________________________________________
7. She is my friend.______________________________________________________
8. He is fine.____________________________________________________________
9. My bag is yellow and blue._____________________________________________
2. 应答配对
( )1.How many chairs? A.Yes,they are.
( )2.Who is the boy? B.They’re 30yuan.
( )3.How much is the toy bird? C.Ten chairs.
( )4.What is it? D.It’s ten yuan.
( )5.Are these dogs? E.It’s a bird.
( )6.How much are the chairs? F.He is my brother.
九. 祈使句:
表示命令建议或请求的句子
特点:
①省略了主语you
②以动词原形开头
③为了表示礼貌,可以用please
④否定祈使句:在动词原形前+don’t
画一张画。_________________________________________
请擦黑板。_________________________________________
_________________________________________
请不要擦黑板。_____________________________________
_____________________________________
十. 称呼
小姐,女老师____________ 太太,夫人 ____________先生,男老师____________
注意:开头M大写,称呼+姓
例如:方老师_________________ 王太太______________赵先生_____________
十一.情景交际
1. 打招呼 你好。______________ _______________
2. 早上或上午打招呼 早上好。 __________________
3. 下午打招呼 下午好。 ___________________
4. 晚上打招呼 晚上好。 ____________________
5. 分开时 再见。 ______________ ________________
6. 给你两个梨。 Here are two pears for you.
它是给我的。 It’s for me.enjoy the trust of 得到...的信任 have / put trust in 信任 in trust 受托的,代为保管的
take ...on trust对...不加考察信以为真 trust on 信赖 give a new turn to 对~~予以新的看法 turn around / round 转身,转过来,改变意见turn back 折回,往回走turn … away 赶走……,辞退……,把……打发走,转脸不睬,使转变方向 turn to… 转向……,(for help)向……求助,查阅, 变成;着手于think through… 思考……直到得出结论,想通think of 想到,想起,认为,对……有看法/想法
7.
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