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            牛津英语3A 知识点总结(一)
一. 名词:
表示物体名称的词
1.分类:
①专有名词:例如人名(Alice),地名(Shenyang)等 (首字母要大写)
②普通名词:例如眼睛(eye),头发(hair)等
2.普通名词的分类:
①可数名词:可以数出来的名词,有复数   例如:ear----ears
②不可数名词:不可以数出来的名词,没有复数  例如:hair
☆可数名词变复数的规则变化:
①直接+___________
②以_____, ________, _________,_________结尾,直接+____________
③以y结尾
  __________+y结尾,直接+___________
  __________+y结尾,把y变________,再+___________
④以f或者_________结尾,把_______或者________去掉,再+_____________
⑤以o结尾,大部分直接+_________
  但是黑人,英雄,____________________, __________________+___________
☆可数名词变复数的不规则变化:
①把man变_____________
②单复____________
  中国人, ____________,日本人,鹿,_____________
③oo变___________
  _________________       ________________           ________________
④加en或者_________
  公牛ox(复数) oxen    _________________
⑤特殊变化:_______________________________
练习:
1. 选出不同类的单词
(      )  1.A. Mary      B.Miss     C.Mr
(      )  2.A.cat         B.sheep    C.egg
(      ) 3.A.morning      B.afternoon   C.hello
(      ) 4. A.milk        B.rice        C.doll
(      ) 5. A.sheep       B.ice-cream    C.wolf
2. 判断下列单词是不是可数名词,如果是写出复数,如果不是,画×
1. hair _____________    2.rabbit _______________   3.eye ____________
4. ear_______________   5.water________________   6.friend___________
7. boy_______________  8.family________________   9.wolf____________
10. peach____________   11.sheep_______________   12.fish____________
13. mouse____________   14.tomato_____________    15.zoo___________
16. milkman___________  17.child_______________    18.book__________
3. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. These are my _____________(book).
2. Count the ____________(chick).
3. How many _____________(boy)?  --One ___________(boy).
4. This is my ___________(bed).
5. Its ___________(ear) are long. Its tail _________(be)short. It’s a __________(rabbit).
二. 冠词:
1. 不定冠词: _________   ___________ 
含义:
一个(泛指)
用法:
a+________字母开头的单词前     例如:一个大苹果  ______________
an+_______字母开头的单词前     例如:一个苹果   _______________
2. 定冠词:  __________    
含义:
表示这个,那个,这些,那些(特指)
用法:
①第二次提到   This is a girl. The girl is my friend.
②说话双方都知道  擦黑板。______________________________________
                  数小鸡。______________________________________
3. 零冠词:/    
用法:
①人名前无冠词    她是Alice._________________________________
②四季前无冠词    在冬天____________________________________
练习:
1. 用a ,an ,/来填空
1. This is _______egg.
2. It’s _______dog.
3. I want __________ice-cream.
4. In_______autumn,it’s cool.
5. He is ___________Mr Li.
2. 翻译下列短语
1. 打开门__________________________    2.穿上我的鞋_______________________
3. 一个大苹果______________________    4.一个桔子_________________________
5. 看黑板__________________________    6.它的眼睛_________________________
三. 形容词:
用来形容人或物的词
1.形容词的位置
①放在名词前,修饰名词       例如:长头发   _______________
②.系表结构:主语+be+形容词   例如:我很高。________________
2. 高的 _________________  矮的____________________
  长的_________________   短的____________________
  胖的_________________   瘦的____________________
  大的_________________   小的____________________
  旧的_________________   新的____________________
  老的_________________   年轻的__________________
  热的_________________   冷的____________________
  温暖的_______________   凉爽的__________________
  高兴的________________  伤心的__________________
  黑色的________________  白色的___________________
3. 同义句
它很暖和。_________________________  =__________________________
我不高兴。_________________________=_____________________________ 
练习:
1. 写出划线单词的反义词
1. Spring is a warm season. But autumn is _______________.
2. I have a big apple. You have a _______one.
3. My father is tall. My mother is ________.
4. This is a fat pig. That is a _______monkey.
5. Don’t open the window. Please ________it.
2. 按要求完成下列句子
1. He is fat.(变成否定句,句意不变)_____________________________________
2. My mother is short.(一般疑问句,肯定回答)______________________________
3. I am thin.(一般疑问句,否定回答)______________________________________
四. 代词
1.人称代词:为了避免重复,用来代替上文提到的人或物
 
单数
复数
主格
形容词性物主代
主格
形容词性物主代
第一人称
 
 
第二人称
 
 
 
 
第三人称
注意:句型转换时:I---you    we---you   my---your   our---your的互换
用法:主格+动词    形物代+名词   动词或者介词+宾格
I(宾格)---  me           you(宾格)--- you     they(宾格)---them
2. 指示代词:代替人或物的词
(近指) 这个 ______________    这些  _________________
 (远指)  那个 ______________    那些  _________________
注意:疑问句中出现指示代词时,回答时不能用指示代词
练习:
1. 按要求改写句子
1. These are cats.(单数句)______________________________________________
2. These are my pencils.(一般疑问句,肯定回答)____________________________
3. She is my sister.(一般疑问句)_________________________________________
4. These are old books.(单数句)___________________________________________
5. This is a beautiful doll.(复数句)_____________________________________
6. What’s this?(用桔子回答)______________________________________________
7. What’re these?(用桔子回答)___________________________________________
8. Is this Peter?(肯定回答)______________________________________________
2. 读一读,选词填空
     this    these   you   I   my    your
1. --This is ______book. --Yes, this is my book.
2. ________is a blackboard._________are desks and chairs.
3. This pen is nice. ________ruler is long. ________pencils are short.
4. _________room is small. Your room is big.
5. _________am a girl. __________hair is long.
6. --_______bed is nice. --Thank ____________.
3. 选择
(     ) 1.--Is ______your bed? --Yes, ____is.
A. these  it    B.this   it     C.this they
(     ) 2.These _________ my rabbits.
A. is           B.are         C.am
(     ) 3.--Who_______?--He is my brother Joe.
A. am  I        B.are you     C.is he
(     ) 4.--What are these? --________are my books.
A. This         B.These      C.They
(     ) 5.Look at ______ tail. _______short.
A. it’s  It’s    B.its    It’s     C.its   Its
(     ) 6.Count _______again.
A.they            B.them      C.their
五.数词
和数字有关的词,叫做数词
一____________   二_____________  三______________  四______________
五____________   六_____________  七______________  八______________
九____________   十_____________  十一____________  十二____________
练习:
1. 读一读,填入合适的数词
1. two,three,_________,five
2. five,six,_________,eight
3. one+two=____________
4. eight+_______=ten
5. nine+one=__________
6. twelve-seven=___________
2. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Amy has two big ______________(eye).
2. There are four____________(book)on the table.
3. Is there _____________(some)milk in the glass?
4. --How many _____________(kite)? One ________(kite).
5. --How much is it? --It’s  ten __________(yuan).
3. 按要求完成下列句子
1. Seven chicks.(对划线部分提问)_________________________________________
2. There is a star.(对划线部分提问)_______________________________________
3. These pears are five yuan.(对划线部分提问)____________________________
六.动词
1.实义动词
有实际意义的动词叫做实义动词。
看_____________  看...__________  看见_______________ 
打扫,擦_______  打开___________  关上_______________  
有_____________  跑_____________  唱歌_______________  
跳舞___________  画画___________  剪,切_____________  
剪下来_________  涂颜色_________  弯腰_______________
2.be动词
___________  __________  ____________
口诀:我用__________, 你用___________,_________用于_____.______,_______
      ___________名词用is,复数一律都用___________
练习:
1. 用be动词来填空
1. I have a table. The table _______new.
2. --How much __________the oranges? --Two yuan.
3. --How ________you? --I____fine.
4. This lemon _______sour. These apples ______sweet.
5. It_______hot.Open the door, plese.
6. My hair _______long. My eyes _____big.
7. --Who _______he? --He _____my father.
2. 选词填空
1. ____________(Look, Look at) the kite.
2. ___________(Look, Look at)!The lion’s kite is high.
3. ___________(It’s, Its)ears are small._________(It’s, Its)a mouse.
4. This is my father. ______________(She,He)is a doctor.
3. 按要求完成下列句子
1. I am tall. I am thin.(两句合为一句)_________________________________
2. Here are two pears for you.(单数句)_________________________________
3. Joe is my brother.(对划线部分提问)__________________________________
4. Are you my mother?(肯定句)__________________________________________
5. Open the window,please.(否定句)_____________________________________
6. Please clean the blackboard.(否定句)__________________________________
七.方位介词
表位方向或位置的词,叫做介词
1. 在...里面_______________    2.在...里面________________
3. 在...上面_______________    4.在...下面________________
固定搭配:
1. 在雨中_____________________     2.在水果店_________________________
3. 在桌子上___________________     4.在天上___________________________
5. 在春天_____________________     6.在夏天___________________________
7. 在秋天_____________________     8.在冬天___________________________
八. 特殊疑问词
单词
意思
用法
1
what
什么
问物体
2
What colour
什么颜色
问颜色
3
What season
什么季节
问季节
4
who
谁
问人
5
how
怎么样
问情况
6
How old
几岁
问年纪
7
How many
多少
问可数名词数量
8
How much
①多少钱
②多少
①问价钱
②问不可数名词数量
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+剩余部分的一般疑问句?
注意:How much(问数量)+不可数名词+剩余部分一般疑问句?
      How many+可数名词复数+剩余部分的一般疑问?
练习:
1. 对划线部分提问
1. It’s a rabbit.________________________________________________________
2. This pear is two yuan._________________________________________________
3. Three boys are in the zoo.______________________________________________
4. I have two apples._____________________________________________________
5. It is spring.__________________________________________________________
6. My little brother is one.______________________________________________
7. She is my friend.______________________________________________________
8. He is fine.____________________________________________________________
9. My bag is yellow and blue._____________________________________________
2. 应答配对
(     )1.How many chairs?          A.Yes,they are.
(     )2.Who is the boy?           B.They’re 30yuan.
(     )3.How much is the toy bird? C.Ten chairs.
(     )4.What is it?               D.It’s ten yuan.
(     )5.Are these dogs?           E.It’s a bird.
(     )6.How much are the chairs? F.He is my brother.
九. 祈使句:
表示命令建议或请求的句子
特点:
①省略了主语you
②以动词原形开头
③为了表示礼貌,可以用please
④否定祈使句:在动词原形前+don’t
画一张画。_________________________________________
请擦黑板。_________________________________________
          _________________________________________
请不要擦黑板。_____________________________________
              _____________________________________
十. 称呼
小姐,女老师____________   太太,夫人  ____________先生,男老师____________
注意:开头M大写,称呼+姓
例如:方老师_________________    王太太______________赵先生_____________
十一.情景交际
1. 打招呼  你好。______________   _______________
2. 早上或上午打招呼 早上好。 __________________
3. 下午打招呼       下午好。 ___________________
4. 晚上打招呼       晚上好。 ____________________
5. 分开时          再见。  ______________   ________________
6. 给你两个梨。    Here are two pears for you.
它是给我的。    It’s for me.enjoy the trust of 得到...的信任    have / put trust in 信任   in trust 受托的,代为保管的
take ...on trust对...不加考察信以为真  trust on 信赖   give a new turn to    对~~予以新的看法 turn around / round 转身,转过来,改变意见turn back   折回,往回走turn … away 赶走……,辞退……,把……打发走,转脸不睬,使转变方向 turn to… 转向……,(for help)向……求助,查阅, 变成;着手于think through… 思考……直到得出结论,想通think of 想到,想起,认为,对……有看法/想法
7.
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