高中英语感叹句的七种基本句型.doc

感叹句的七种基本句型

概念：感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情
一、用感叹词what和它所修饰的名词短语置于句首，其他成分次序不变。
●句型Ⅰ：what + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。
1. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _______ it was!
  A. What a dangerous scene       B. What dangerous a scene
  C. How a dangerous scene        D. How dangerous the scene.
分析：该题考查感叹句的准确运用，也考查名词scene作为单数可数名词的用法。B选项中应该用how代替what; D选项看似正确，但题干中有it was,不能用。因此在A和C中应该用A, 完全符合句型Ⅰ。本题正确答案是A.
●句型Ⅱ：what + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。
2. _____ big fish! When did you get them?
  A. What             B. What a              C. How          C. How a
分析：由于下个句子中的them可得知，上句中的fish 是名词复数，这是因为fish的复数和单数可以同形。根据句型Ⅱ，便知正确答案为A。B选项的迷惑性最大。
●句型Ⅲ：what + 形容词 +不可数名词 +主语 +谓语。
3. _____ terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
     A. How a             B. What a              C. How          D. What
分析：题干中的weather是个不可数名词，根据句型Ⅰ，不能选择B和A; 根据句型Ⅲ，正确答案是D。how类型的感叹句只能跟单数可数名词，不能用C。
二、用感叹词how和它所修饰的词置于句首，其他成分次序不变。
●句型Ⅳ：how + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。
4. _______ picture it is!
A. How wonderful a   B. What wonderful    C. What wonderful a   D. How a wonderful
分析：句型Ⅰ和句型Ⅳ有点共同之处，也就是中心词都是单数可数名词；他们的不同之处是形容词和不定冠词的位置是相反的，由此推断正确答案应该是A。由于picture是单数可数名词，应该排除B；D和C次序不对。
●句型Ⅴ：How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语。
5 . _____ different life today is ______ what it was 30 years ago!
A. What a; from       B. What; from   C. How; from       D. How a; from
分析：该题的难度很大，关键是life在句子中的成分。在该句中life是主语，不是is 的表语。根据句型Ⅴ，正确答案是C。部分学生对句子结构不能正确分析，很容易误选A、B和C。
●句型Ⅵ：How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语。
 6. ______ quickly you walk!
   A. How            B. What                 C. What a              D. How a
分析：quickly是副词，题干中没有名词，正确答案是A。
●句型Ⅶ：How + 主语 + 谓语 +其它！
7. How I wish that every family had a car in China!
总上所述，标准的感叹句主要有以上七种基本句型，如果中心词是可数的复数名词和不可数名词只能用what，不能用how; 但是，当中心词是单数可数名词时，要根据形容词和不定冠词的位置来决定what 和how 的选择；如果中心词是副词或形容词时，只能用how, 不能用what。

如何判断用what还是用how来引导感叹句
方法一：凡是有a,an开头的，多用what；
方法二：凡是形容词直接加名词的，多用what；
方法三：其它一般用how。
典型例题
1）___ food you've cooked!
A. How a nice　　B. What a nice　　C. How nice　 D. What nice
答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词，副词；what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)
2）___terrible weather we've been having these days!　
A. What　 B. What a　　C. How　 D. How a　
答案A. weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。
3) --- _____ I had!　--- You really suffered a lot.
A. What a time　　B. What time　　 C. How a time　　 D. how time
答案A.　

感 叹 句 练 习 题
2.—— Hello,Zhu Hua.I’ll have to return to Canada because I’ve worked here for a year. —— ＿＿＿＿＿!
A.What time flies B.How time flies C.What does time fly D.How does time fly
6.＿＿＿! You should take this chance to attend it.
A.How important conference is it B.How an important conference it is
C.What an important conference is it D.What an important conference it is
10.— What sport do you like best? — Springboard diving(跳板跳水). to dive into water from high board!
A.What a fun is it B.How fun it is C.How a fun is it D.What fun it is
12.＿＿＿for us to surf(冲浪) on the sea in summer!
A.What exciting is it B.How exciting is it C.What exciting it is D.How exciting it is
16.＿＿＿he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!
A.What a good advice B.How a good advice C.What good advice D.How good advice
20.We haven’t seen each other for many months.＿＿!
A.What I missed you B.What did I miss you C.How I missed you D.How did I miss you
26.＿＿it is for us to see that he does his work so well!
A.What surprise B.How surprise C.What a surprise D.How a surprise
40.＿＿＿these ancient buildings in this city are!
A.What perfectly protected B.How perfect protected C.How perfectly protected D.What perfect protected

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