译林牛津高一英语模块二unit1-reading-Language-points.ppt

1.Boymissing,policepuzzled.=Aboywentmissing,andthepolicewerepuzzled.missing和和puzzled分别为现在分词和过分别为现在分词和过去分词作表语。现在分词作表语和主去分词作表语。现在分词作表语和主语之间往往是主动关系，表示主语的语之间往往是主动关系，表示主语的性质；过去分词作表语和主语之间往性质；过去分词作表语和主语之间往往是被动关系，表主语所处的状态。往是被动关系，表主语所处的状态。puzzled1.puzzlevt.使迷惑使迷惑,使为难使为难n.迷迷惑惑,困困惑惑,难难题题,令令人人不不解的事解的事puzzlementn.迷惑迷惑2.puzzlingadj.(物物)令人困惑不解的令人困惑不解的3.puzzledadj.(人人)困困惑惑的的;可可做做定定语语修修饰饰人人的的voice,expression,look等等(=confused)John seemed puzzled about whatthequestionmeant.Jack was puzzled that Nicholasdidntseemtorecognizehim.1.be/seem puzzled about对对感感到困惑到困惑/无法理解无法理解2.bepuzzledthat对对感到不解感到不解常作表语的现在分词和过去分词有：常作表语的现在分词和过去分词有：interesting,exciting,surprising,shocking,astonishing,puzzling,worrying,frighteninginterested,excited,surprised,shocked,astonished,puzzled,worried,frightened2.Policeinhavesteppeduptheirsearchforafifteen-year-oldboywhowentmissinge.g.Hehastostepuphistrainingtopreparefortherace.step up Thehealthdepartmentissteppingup efforts to reduce teenagersmoking.Johndidntstepuptohismotheruntil the teacher had finishedspeakingtoher.走上前去走上前去1.stepupsth加紧加紧,加强加强2.stepuptosb.走向某人走向某人词语拓展：词语拓展：stepforward走上前来，跨前一步走上前来，跨前一步stepback（由于吃惊）后退一步（由于吃惊）后退一步stepinside(in)进屋里来进屋里来stepinto进入里面进入里面stepbystep一步步地一步步地outofstep合不上步子合不上步子takestep(astep)采取措施，走（一步）采取措施，走（一步）gomissing失踪失踪此处此处go为系动词为系动词,后接后接形容词做表语形容词做表语,“变得，变成变得，变成”go+adj.(become+adj.)如：如：Hewent/becamecrazywhenhefoundoutthathehadfailedtheexam.Theheathascausedthemilktogosour.incident1.Astrangeincidenthappenedinthe city the other day.A UFOmadeavisit.C 发生的事情发生的事情(不同寻不同寻常的常的,讨厌的讨厌的)2.There was a shooting incidentnearherelastnight.3.Border incidents often happenbetweenthe2countries.C,U严重事严重事件件,暴力事件暴力事件C(国家间的国家间的)摩擦摩擦,冲突冲突3.Thisincidenthasreceivedgreatinterestduetoreportsofdueto(becauseof,causedby)由于，由于，因因而造成而造成如：如：Hisdisappearancewasduetothestorm.Theteamssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.beduetosb.归功于归功于OurbookisnotduetobepublisheduntilDecember.beduetodosth.预期，预计预期，预计due还有其他含义：还有其他含义：1)到期（应偿付，付给）到期（应偿付，付给）e.g.Theelectricitybillisduetomorrow.2)定于（某时）到达定于（某时）到达e.g.OurtrainisdueinParisat2p.m.(1)dueto+n.(pron.)在句中作状语，不在句中作状语，不可置于句首，如要放在句首用可置于句首，如要放在句首用owingto或或becauseof,thanksto(因为因为,由于由于)e.g.Owingtobusywork,Idonthavetimetogototheclub.(2)dueto在句中还可作表语或定语。在句中还可作表语或定语。e.g.Thewageduetohimwillbepaidtomorrow.see/hearIsawthespaceshipflyintospace.BeforetheUFOdisappeared,Kellyheardherbrothershout.1.see/hearsb/sthdosth.听听见见(看看见见)某人某物做了某事某人某物做了某事(描述全过程描述全过程)Thewitnesssaidhesawalittleboycrossingtheroadaloneat8:00pm.I heard her singing an Englishsong.2.see/hearsbdoingsth.听听见见/看看见见某某人正在做某事人正在做某事When he came back,he saw thebrokendoorrepaired.3.see/hearsthdone听听见见/看看见见某某物物被做被做witnessPolicearelookingforwitnessestotheaccident.1.n.目击者，见证人目击者，见证人Manyvillagerswitnessedthestrangecreatureintheforest.2.vt.目击目击,当场看到当场看到,亲眼看到亲眼看到Recent years have witnessed agrowingpriceofdailygoods.3.vt.是是发发生生的的时时间间/地地点点等等，见见证证He witnessed to seeing the girlrobbed.4.vi.witnesstodoing作作证证,证证明明属实属实PutonWould you mind if I put somemusicon?1.播放播放(激光唱片激光唱片,磁带磁带)Its very cold today;youd betterputonacoat.2.穿上穿上,戴上戴上Sheputonthebrakessuddenly.3.打开开关打开开关HowmanypoundsdidyouputonoverChristmas?4.长胖长胖,增加体重增加体重倒装句倒装句结构结构:表语表语(表示地点的介词短语表示地点的介词短语)+be+主语主语Present at the meeting were thepolicemenwhowantedtostepuptheirsearchforthemissingboy.1.“Happybirthday”waswrittenonthecard.On the card was written“Happybirthday”.2.A river is at the foot of themountain.At the foot of the mountain is ariver.3.A garden is in front of theclassroom.In front of the classroom is agarden.flashA flash of lightning was followedbythunder.1.n.闪光，闪耀闪光，闪耀Hearing what he said,a flash ofangercametohermind.2.(情感的情感的)突发突发Hereyesflashedwithexcitement.3.vi.闪光闪光,闪耀闪耀An idea flashed into her mindwhynothelpthepuzzledboyworkoutthepuzzlingproblem?4.vi.(想法的想法的)突现突现In a flash he realized he wascompletelywrong.1.in/likeaflash很很快快,转转眼眼间间,一一瞬瞬间间Her thoughts flashed back to thedaywhenshewitnessedtheincident.2.flashback(tosth.)回忆回忆,回想回想,回顾回顾assume Wecantassumeanythinginthiscase.1.assume+n.假定假定Letsassumethealienstobeshort.2.Assume+宾语宾语(+tobe)+adj.假定假定/以为以为是是Many people assume that theevidenceisweak.3.assumethat从句从句Assuming that the proposal isaccepted,whenarewegoingtogetthemoney?4.assumingthat假定假定在句子中做独立成分在句子中做独立成分You will assume your new dutiestomorrow.2.vt.担任担任,承担承担承担责任承担责任assumeresponsibilityHercountenanceassumedasmile.The motion of matter alwaysassumescertainforms.3.呈现呈现,具有具有,采取采取,表现表现1.n.assumption假定假定,设想设想,承担承担,担任担任Makeanassumption做出假定做出假定Ontheassumptionthat假定假定Hisairofassumptionmadehimdisliked.自负自负,傲慢傲慢类似结构类似结构Supposing/assuming/providing(that)假如假如,如果如果Considering(that)考虑到考虑到Judgingfrom根据根据判断判断Given考虑到考虑到,在有在有的情况下的情况下Supposingheisabsent,whatshallwedo?Consideringthatyouarenolongerinvolved with this man,yourresponseisalittleextreme.Judgingfromhisbehavior,heisanobleman.Given that you dont disturbothers,youmaycometositinourclass.5.Mr.Fosterwasworkingthatnightonhisroadconstructionjob,andwasnothomewhentheseeventsoccurred.constructionn.e.g.Thebuildingisapeculiarlyshapedconstruction.n.建筑物建筑物Thebuildingisunderconstruction.2.建造建造,建设建设,施工施工This sentence does not bear such aconstruction.3.解释解释,意义意义The construction of the sentence iswrong.4.结构结构,造句造句;作图作图,构造构造underconstruction在建设中在建设中1.建造建造,建设建设,施工施工constructHeeventuallyconstructedabusinessempire.vt.建设，建造建设，建造,Thestoryisskillfullyconstructed.构建，构思构建，构思Constructasquareonthepaper.作作(几何图形几何图形)Thebuildingisunderconstruction.Thebuildingisbeingconstructed.occurIhopethiswontoccuragain.vi.发生发生Suchacasedoesoccurinreallife.vi.存在存在,出现出现Agoodideaoccurredtohim.1.occurtosb(主意或想法突然主意或想法突然)浮现在脑浮现在脑海中海中,想起想起,想到想到(常与常与to连用连用,it做形式主语做形式主语)ItoccurredtomethatIhadlefttheconstructionmodelathome.我没想到你会拒绝。我没想到你会拒绝。It didnt occur to me that youwouldobject.Itoccurstosbthat某人想到某人想到辨析辨析occur/happenAstrangethinghappened.I happened to be at the stationwhenhearrived.happentodosth.碰巧碰巧,恰巧恰巧1.occur具具体体事事情情的的发发生生,常常与与介介词词to搭配搭配2.happen”偶然偶然,碰巧碰巧”发生发生showupe.g.HepromisedtocomeonTuesdaybuthenevershowedup.出现，露面出现，露面1.Youshowedhimupbycallinghimhisnicknameinfrontofhisgirlfriend.(makesb.embarrassed)使使难堪难堪2.Thesunlightshowedupthemarksontheglass.(makesth.becomevisible)使明显使明显,使显现使显现,使显示出来使显示出来show的相关词组的相关词组1)炫耀，夸耀；卖弄炫耀，夸耀；卖弄2)显示；显示；渲染（某物的优点）渲染（某物的优点）showoff带某人参观带某人参观showsbaroundsothat从句从句They stepped up the construction ofthe new building so that they couldcompleteitaheadoftime.sothat引引导导目目的的状状语语从从句句,”为为了了”,从从句句谓谓语语中中通通常常含含有有can,could等等情情态态动动词词They stepped up the constructionof the new building,so that theycompleteditaheadoftime.sothat引引导导结结果果状状语语从从句句,前前面面常常有有逗号与主句隔开。逗号与主句隔开。researchHeisbusywithresearchwork.1.研究，调查，探索研究，调查，探索Myresearchesweredirectedtowardsfindingacureforheadaches.2.研研究究工工作作，学学术术研研究究，创创造造性性工工作作Hehasbeenresearchedinto/ontheeffectsofradioactivity.1.vi.researchinto/onsth.研究研究searchIsearchedeverywherebutIcouldntfindyourbook.1.vt.搜寻搜寻,寻找寻找IvesearchedmyconscienceandIstillthinkIdidtherightthing.2.vt.探寻，调查探寻，调查The boy spent a lot of timesearchingfortheinformationaboutUFOsontheInternet.2.vi.searchfor搜寻搜寻,寻找寻找Thecompanyhasspentmillionsinthesearchforoil.1.n.searchfor探寻探寻,搜寻搜寻,调查调查Scientistsareinsearchofthecureforthedisease.2.insearchof寻找寻找8.Whenaskedaboutthepossibilitythathastakenchargeofpossibilityn.可能性可能性e.g.Thereisastrongpossibilitythattheywillwinthenextelection.Therespossibilitythat有可能有可能2.possibilityofdoingsth.做做某某事事的的可能性可能性3.adj.possible可能的可能的4.adv.possibly可能可能Itispossible/probable/likelythat有可能的有可能的Sb./sth.belikelytodosth.某某人人有有可可能做某事能做某事e.g.Thedepartmentwasbadlyorganizeduntilshetookchargeofit.Thepolicemansaidhewouldtakechargeofthegun.takechargeof控制，掌管，担负责任控制，掌管，担负责任Inchargeof负责负责,掌管掌管Inthechargeofsb.由某人负责由某人负责Inonescharge由某人负责由某人负责Freeofcharge免费免费casePolice worked on the case for ayear,but didnt find out who themurdererwas.CN.案子案子Itoccurredtomethatmycasewasdifferent.CN.情况情况If that is the case,then I havenothingtosay.CN.事实事实Thedoctorinvitedsomeexpertstodiscusshiscase.CN.病情病情当当先先行行词词为为case(情情况况),situation(形形势势),position(位位置置,职职位位),condition(情情形形,条条件件),point(境境地地),stage(境境地地,阶阶段段),且且在在从从句句中中充充当当状状语语,常常用用where/inwhich来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。I can think of many cases wherestudents obviously knew a lot ofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldntwriteagoodessay.9.Sometimespeoplemakeupsuchamazingstories.e.g.Tommakesupstoriestoamusehislittlebrother.makeup编造编造makeup还有其他含义：还有其他含义：e.g.IfeelIhavebeenmeantoyou,andIwanttomakeituptoyou.1)弥补，补偿弥补，补偿e.g.ThetoycostadollarandTedonlyhadfiftycents,sohisdadmadeupthedifference.2)凑足凑足e.g.She doesnt go to work withoutmakingup.3)化妆化妆e.g.Girlsmakeup45%ofthestudentpopulationinourschool.4)组成组成evidenceYoumustgiveenoughevidencetoprovehiminnocent.UN,CN.根据根据,证据证据,证明证明Thewitnessrefusedtogiveevidenceinthebeginning.UN.法庭上的证据法庭上的证据,物证物证10.So,whilewehavenotdismissedtheidea,wearelookingintootherpossibilitiesaswell.e.g.Theirevidencewasdismissedascompletelyuseless.vt.不予考虑不予考虑,认为认为Theofficerwasdismissedfromhisservice.2.vt.解雇，撤职，开除解雇，撤职，开除Theteacherdismissedhisstudentsbeforethebellrang.3.vt.解散解散,使退去使退去难句解析难句解析1.JustinForster,ahighschoolstudent,wentmissinglastFridaynight.【分析讲解分析讲解】同位语：一个名词（或其他形式）对另同位语：一个名词（或其他形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说一个名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明，这个名词（或其他形式）就是同明，这个名词（或其他形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常紧挨在一起。一致，并常紧挨在一起。考例考例1Tosaveclasstime,ourteacherhas_studentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforourhomework.A.usB.weC.ourD.ours考例考例2Thereismuchchance_Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if2.Standinginsidewerelotsofstrangecreatureswithwhite-skinned,andlargeblackeyes.飞船里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又大飞船里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又大又黑的奇怪生物。又黑的奇怪生物。【分析讲解分析讲解】这是一个倒装句，主语是这是一个倒装句，主语是lotsofstrangecreatureswithwhiteskinandlargeblackeyes。当方位副词或表。当方位副词或表示方位的介词短语提前时，整个句子全示方位的介词短语提前时，整个句子全部倒装。如：部倒装。如：ByMr.Greenssidesathisfaithfuldog.格林先生的旁边蹲着他的忠实的狗。格林先生的旁边蹲着他的忠实的狗。Exercises1.WitnessesalsosaytheysawJustinwalkingtowardshishouseat10.45p.m.考点考点see，hear，watch，observe，notice，feel，lookat，listento等感官动等感官动词（词组）词（词组）see，hear，watch，observe，notice，feel，lookat，listento等感官动词（词组）后等感官动词（词组）后面的宾语补足语有三种形式：动词原形面的宾语补足语有三种形式：动词原形（不带（不带to的不定式）、的不定式）、V-ing形式和形式和V-ed形形式。式。动词原形表示动作的主动和完成；动词原形表示动作的主动和完成；V-ing形式表示动作的主动或正在进行；形式表示动作的主动或正在进行；V-ed形式表示动作的被动或完成。形式表示动作的被动或完成。1Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismothersvoice_him.A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall点拨点拨V-ing短语短语callinghim作宾语补足作宾语补足语，表示动作的主动和正在进行。语，表示动作的主动和正在进行。2InthedreamPetersawhimself_byafiercewolf,andhewokesuddenlywithastart.A.chasedB.tobechasedC.bechasedD.havingbeenchased点拨点拨V-ed形式形式chased作宾语补足语，作宾语补足语，表示被动。表示被动。3.Luckily,theyreturnedmehomewithoutanyinjuries.考点考点有些副词或副词短语置于句有些副词或副词短语置于句首，可修饰全句，作状语。首，可修饰全句，作状语。1_,somefamousscientistshavethequalitiesofbeingbothcarefulandcareless.A.StrangelyenoughB.EnoughstrangelyC.StrangeenoughD.Enoughstrange点拨点拨enough修饰形容词或副词时要后置修饰形容词或副词时要后置，而表示感情或态度的副词可以修饰整个，而表示感情或态度的副词可以修饰整个句子，故选句子，故选A。2Twomiddle-agedpassengersfellintothesea._,neitherofthemcouldswim.A.InfactB.LuckilyC.UnfortunatelyD.Naturally点拨点拨句意：两位中年乘客掉进海里。句意：两位中年乘客掉进海里。不幸的是，他俩都不会游泳。根据句意不幸的是，他俩都不会游泳。根据句意可以确定选可以确定选C。4.Sometimespeoplemakeupsuchamazingstories.考点考点makeup有有“编造，补上，组成，编造，补上，组成，和解和解”等意思。例如：等意思。例如：Boysmakeup52%ofthestudents.男生占学生人数的男生占学生人数的52。CanIleaveearlythisafternoonandmakeupthetimetomorrow?我今天下午早点走，明天补上这段时我今天下午早点走，明天补上这段时间，可以吗？间，可以吗？Whydontyoushakehandsandmakeup?你们干嘛不握手言和呢？你们干嘛不握手言和呢？EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand_jokes.A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup点拨点拨句意：村里人都喜欢杰克，因为句意：村里人都喜欢杰克，因为他擅长讲笑话、编笑话。此题考查的是他擅长讲笑话、编笑话。此题考查的是短语动词辨析。短语动词辨析。turnup开大音量，出现开大音量，出现;putup举起，挂起；举起，挂起；showup出现，露面。出现，露面。