小学英语名词讲解.ppt

小学英语系统复习目目录录01020304名词代词介词形容词目目录录05060708连词、冠词副词数词感叹词在我们生活中存在着形形色色的人与物，他们都有自己的称呼。像Sydney（悉尼）,door（门），family（家庭），简单来说，表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等名称的词都叫名词名词 n.专有名词专有名词普通名词普通名词12集体名词集体名词抽象名词抽象名词个体名词个体名词物质名词物质名词可可数数不不可可数数专有名词专有名词专有名词专有名词是指人、地方、团体、是指人、地方、团体、是指人、地方、团体、是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。它的第一个机构等特有的名称。它的第一个机构等特有的名称。它的第一个机构等特有的名称。它的第一个字母必须大写，专有名词前一般字母必须大写，专有名词前一般字母必须大写，专有名词前一般字母必须大写，专有名词前一般不加冠词不加冠词不加冠词不加冠词2.2.国家、山川、河流、地名国家、山川、河流、地名国家、山川、河流、地名国家、山川、河流、地名 Korea,Thailand,Egypt Korea,Thailand,Egypt Paris,Pacific Ocean Paris,Pacific Ocean Mt.Qomolangma Mt.Qomolangma1.1.人名、尊称和头衔人名、尊称和头衔人名、尊称和头衔人名、尊称和头衔 Einstein,Chairman Xi,Einstein,Chairman Xi,President Trump President Trump Mr.Brown,Doctor Lin Mr.Brown,Doctor Lin Queen Elizabeth II Queen Elizabeth II3.3.团体，机构，报刊团体，机构，报刊团体，机构，报刊团体，机构，报刊 China DailyChina Daily，ReutersReuters4.4.星期月日年和节日星期月日年和节日星期月日年和节日星期月日年和节日 WednesdayWednesday Sunday,National Day Sunday,National Day5.5.普通名词构成的专有名词普通名词构成的专有名词普通名词构成的专有名词普通名词构成的专有名词 The North Pole,the Forbidden City,The North Pole,the Forbidden City,the White House,the Temple of Heaven the White House,the Temple of Heaven普通普通名词名词个体个体名词名词物质物质名词名词抽象抽象名词名词集体集体名词名词可可数数不不可可数数集体名词集体名词集体名词集体名词army,audience,crowd,family,police peoplearmy,audience,crowd,family,police people物质名词物质名词物质名词物质名词air,oxygen(air,oxygen(氧气氧气)，rainrain，snow,fire,iron,wood,water,snow,fire,iron,wood,water,milk,tea,coffee,fish,chickenmilk,tea,coffee,fish,chicken抽象名词抽象名词抽象名词抽象名词love,beauty,envy,respect,sadness,courage,truth,love,beauty,envy,respect,sadness,courage,truth,youth,courage,paceyouth,courage,pace水茶面包巧克力水茶面包巧克力咖啡牛奶与果汁咖啡牛奶与果汁鸡肉牛肉配米饭鸡肉牛肉配米饭头发雨草纸与钱头发雨草纸与钱爱与美丽和勇气爱与美丽和勇气力量真理与和平力量真理与和平悲伤嫉妒与青春悲伤嫉妒与青春温度尊敬和责任温度尊敬和责任名词的数名词的数可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词单数单数a/ana/an复数复数-s,-es-s,-es 1 1 1 1）一般情况下加）一般情况下加）一般情况下加）一般情况下加-s-s-s-s 如如book-booksbook-books（书书）desk-desks desk-desks（书书桌）桌）2 2 2 2）以）以）以）以s,x,ch,shs,x,ch,shs,x,ch,shs,x,ch,sh结尾加结尾加结尾加结尾加-es-es-es-es 如如box-boxesbox-boxes（盒子）（盒子）bus-buses(bus-buses(公共汽公共汽车车)注意注意以以 th th 结结尾加尾加-s,month-months -s,month-months stomach-stomachs stomach-stomachs 3)3)3)3)以辅音字母以辅音字母以辅音字母以辅音字母+结尾结尾结尾结尾,变变变变y y y y为为为为i i i i再加再加再加再加-es.-es.-es.-es.如如city-cities(city-cities(城市城市)country-countries()country-countries(国家国家)注意以元音注意以元音+y,+y,直接加直接加s.s.如：如：day-days(day-days(天天),boy-boys(),boy-boys(男孩男孩)4)4)4)4)以以以以f f f f或或或或fefefefe结尾结尾结尾结尾,复数变复数变复数变复数变f f f f或或或或 fe fe fe fe 为为为为v v v v再加再加再加再加-es-es-es-es 如如knife-knives(knife-knives(书书),half-halves(),half-halves(一半一半)注意注意有少数有少数词词后直接加后直接加s,s,如如roof-roofs(roof-roofs(屋屋顶顶),safe-safes,chief-chiefs,belief-belifes,safe-safes,chief-chiefs,belief-belifes 5)5)5)5)以以以以o o o o结尾结尾结尾结尾(1)(1)(1)(1)辅音字母加辅音字母加辅音字母加辅音字母加o o o o结尾名词的加结尾名词的加结尾名词的加结尾名词的加-es-es-es-es 如如tomato-tomatoes(tomato-tomatoes(西西红红杮杮)potato-potatoes()potato-potatoes(土豆土豆)(2)(2)(2)(2)元音字母加元音字母加元音字母加元音字母加o o o o结尾名词的加结尾名词的加结尾名词的加结尾名词的加-s-s-s-s 如如piano-pianos(piano-pianos(钢钢琴琴),zoo-zoos(),zoo-zoos(动动物园物园)photo-photos(photo-photos(照片照片),kangaroo-kangaroos(),kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠袋鼠)kilo-kilos()kilo-kilos(千克千克)注意注意zero zero 两种方式都可：两种方式都可：zero-zeroszero-zeros或或 zeroes(zeroes(零零)妻子持刀去宰狼妻子持刀去宰狼妻子持刀去宰狼妻子持刀去宰狼小偷吓得发了慌小偷吓得发了慌小偷吓得发了慌小偷吓得发了慌躲在架后保己命躲在架后保己命躲在架后保己命躲在架后保己命半片树叶遮目光半片树叶遮目光半片树叶遮目光半片树叶遮目光妻子妻子妻子妻子 wifewifewifewife刀刀刀刀 knifeknifeknifeknife狼狼狼狼 wolfwolfwolfwolf小偷小偷小偷小偷 thiefthiefthiefthief架子架子架子架子 shelfshelfshelfshelf自己自己自己自己 selfselfselfself生命生命生命生命 lifelifelifelife一半一半一半一半 halfhalfhalfhalf树叶树叶树叶树叶 leafleafleafleaff&fe海湾海湾海湾海湾边、边、边、边、屋顶屋顶屋顶屋顶上，上，上，上，首领奴仆首领奴仆首领奴仆首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无两相望；谁说他们无两相望；谁说他们无两相望；谁说他们无信信信信仰仰仰仰，证据证据证据证据写在写在写在写在手帕手帕手帕手帕上。上。上。上。例如：例如：gulf,roof,chief,gulf,roof,chief,serf,belief,proof,handkerchiefserf,belief,proof,handkerchief，这些名词变，这些名词变复数直接加复数直接加 -s-s。o黑人和英雄吃土豆西红柿黑人和英雄吃土豆西红柿 +es+esNegroes and heroes eat tomatmes and potatoes.Negroes and heroes eat tomatmes and potatoes.你在你在zoozoo里，看见一根里，看见一根bamboobamboo，上面挂着，上面挂着photophoto照的是一架照的是一架pianopiano，上面放着一个，上面放着一个radioradio+s+s中国人中国人开着宇宙飞船去吃日本人的绵羊鹿和鱼开着宇宙飞船去吃日本人的绵羊鹿和鱼开着宇宙飞船去吃日本人的绵羊鹿和鱼开着宇宙飞船去吃日本人的绵羊鹿和鱼Chinese spacecraft Japanese sheep deer fishChinese spacecraft Japanese sheep deer fishChinese spacecraft Japanese sheep deer fishChinese spacecraft Japanese sheep deer fish（单复同形）（单复同形）（单复同形）（单复同形）中日不变英法变，其余中日不变英法变，其余中日不变英法变，其余中日不变英法变，其余 -s-s-s-s加后面加后面加后面加后面。例如：例如：1)Chinese Chinese,1)Chinese Chinese,Japanese JapaneseJapanese Japanese；2)Englishman Englishmen,Englishwoman 2)Englishman Englishmen,Englishwoman Englishwomen,Englishwomen,Frenchman Frenchmen,Frenchwoman Frenchman Frenchmen,Frenchwoman FrenchwomenFrenchwomen；3)American Americans,Russian Russians,3)American Americans,Russian Russians,Arab Arabs,German Germans Arab Arabs,German Germans 等。等。不可数名词的量不可数名词的量不可数名词的量不可数名词的量-用用用用ofofofof表示表示表示表示a glass of watera glass of watera glass of watera glass of watera jar of jama jar of jama jar of jama jar of jama pocket of sweeta pocket of sweeta pocket of sweeta pocket of sweetthree cups of coffeethree cups of coffeethree cups of coffeethree cups of coffeetwo bags of ricetwo bags of ricetwo bags of ricetwo bags of rice单词单词/短语短语意义意义单词单词/短语短语意义意义not any/no 没有 a lot of 许多little几乎没有losts of a little/some一些plenty of most大部分muchall全部a great deal of 名词所有格名词所有格有生命的所有格有生命的所有格 ss单数词尾单数词尾+s+s复数词尾复数词尾+s+s无生命的名词所有格无生命的名词所有格 of+n.of+n.the title of the novel the title of the novel the window of the housethe window of the housethe end of the roadthe end of the roadthe subject of the sentencethe subject of the sentenceThe professor gave him one of the best _ after class.A.piece of advice B.pieces of advicesC.piece of advices D.piece of adviceGo straight,_ and youll find a sign for the toilet.A.three minutes away B.three minutes walkC.three minutes away D.three minutes walkThe woman over there is _ mother.A.Lilys and Lucys mother B.Lilys and LucyC.Lily and Lucys D.Lily and LucyMove along and make _ for me.A.a room B.roomC.chair D.tables 1.Two _(family)live in this building.2.Look at those_(child).3.I can see a _(policeman).4.There are some_(glass)on the table.5.Would you like some _(bread)?