1、 1.动词(v.)名词(n.)(a)词形不变,词性改变例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示某一类人的名词例如:workworker, teachteacher, singsinger,jumpjumper, playplayer, learnlearner,visitvisitor, inventinventor, collectcollector等.注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.例如:drivedriver, write
2、writer等. 2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er例如:runrunner, winwinner, beginbeginner等.(c)在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词例如:achieveachievement (成就)9advertiseadvertisement/advertising(广告)agreeagreementdisagreedisagreementamuseamusement (娱乐)improveimprovement(争吵)commit(奉献)commitmentdevelopdevelopment (发展)depart
3、department (局,部)govern(统治)government(政府)managemanagement (管理)equipequipment (装备)有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment. 例如:argueargument(争论)(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词例如: attractattraction;instructinstruction;inventinvention discussdiscussion;expressexpression educateeducation;graduategraduation; operateoperatio
4、n (去e再加ion)competecompetition; organizeorganization (把e改成其他字母再加tion)decidedecisionconcludeconclusion(把de改为s再加ion)describedescription描写,描绘 (这是特例,不规则变化)(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词例如: appearappearance (外貌;出现)performperformance (演出)acceptacceptance (接受)(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)例如:meetmeetingbuildbuil
5、dingwaitwaitingbathebathingsaysaying(谚语)meanmeaningend endingtrain trainingwashwashing注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing如:swimswimmingshopshoppingbeginbeginning(g)其他一些比较特殊的变化例如:beg(乞讨)beggar(乞丐)behave(行为举止)behaviorknow(知道)knowledge(知识)flyflight (飞行)heat (加热)heat(热量)hit (撞击)hit( 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞
6、)mix (混合)mixture(混合物)press(按,压)pressure(压力)sit(坐)seat (座位)succeedsuccess(成功)tourtour(旅游)/ tourist (游客)2.动词(v.)形容词(adj.)(a)动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性. 例如: affordaffordable;lovelovable(b)动词后面加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,表示被动性的属性或特点. 例如: scatterscattereduseused(赵科翔,注意下,这个就是我们所讲的非谓语动词作 定语的情况)(c)不规则的动词则
7、必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式.规律不大,意义同(b).3.名词(n.)形容词(adj.)(a)在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)例如: rainrainy, cloudcloudy, windwindy, snowsnowy,healthhealthy, lucklucky, angerangryguiltguilty(内疚的)touristtouristy(游客多的) , salt (盐)salty (咸的)silk(丝绸)silky(丝绸般的), sleepsleepy (昏昏欲睡的)注意: 1)如果以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写辅音字母再加
8、-y. 如: sunsunny, funfunny, fogfoggy(有雾的), furfurry(毛皮的) 2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加-y. 如: noisenoisy, iceicy,shineshiny(发亮的), taste(口味)tasty(甜的)(b)名词后面加-ed,以e结尾的直接加d.例如: spot(斑点)spotted(有斑点的);talenttalented (有天赋的) organizeorganized 有组织的;balancebalanced(平衡的)(c)一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词例如:carecareful,tha
9、nkthankful,helphelpful, useuseful, meaningmeaningful(d)在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词例如:carecareless(粗心的), useuseless(无用的) hopehopeless(没希望的),homehomeless(无家可归的)(e)一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变成形容词例如: differencedifferent, silencesilent, confidenceconfident(f).在名词后加-ly变为形容词例如: friendfriendly,lovelovely, live-lively(
10、g).在名词后加-ous变为形容词例如: dangerdangerous(h)名词后面加-al变为形容词例如: musicmusical;medicinemedical(这个比较特殊)(i)名词后面加-able变为形容词,如果以e结尾就去e再加-able.例如: adjustadjustable 可调整的 valuevaluable有价值的(j)名词后面加-en变成形容词例如: woodwooden 木制的 woolwoolen 羊毛的(k)一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍,语言的形容词例如:ChinaChinese, JapanJapanese, Engl
11、andEnglish,AmericaAmerican, IndiaIndian, Australia Australian(注意CanadaCanadian)4.形容词(adj.)副词(adv.)一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词例如: quickquickly, slowslowly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly 等但是,以下几点值得注意:(a) 一些以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,要把y改为i再加-ly例如: happyhappily, angryangrily, luckyluckily, heavyheavily, noisynoisily(b) 有些以-bl
12、e或-le结尾的形容词,去掉e加-y例如:possiblepossibly, terribleterribly(c)少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly例如: truetruly但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly例如: politepolitely, widewidely(d)以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时要在词尾加-ly,以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y.例如: usualusually, carefulcarefully, usefulusefullyfullfully (以-ll结尾的才只加y)1. ability (n. )能力;才能-able (a.)-unable (a.)
13、 disability (n. ) disabled (a.) be able to do= be capable of doing2. absence (n. ) 缺席;不在 - absent (a.) -present (a.) presence (n.)3. absolute (a.) 绝对的;完全的-absolutely (adv.)4. abundant (a.) 丰富的;充裕的 -abundance (n.) 5. accept (v.) 接受-acceptable (a.)可接受的 - refuse (opp.) 拒绝6. access (n.) 通路,入门;(v.)接近;存取
14、-accessible (a.) have access to(to为介词)可以使用;可以接触7. accurate (a.) 正确的,精确的 - accuracy (n.) accurately (adv.)- (opp.)inaccurate 不准确8. achieve (v.) 取得,达到 - achievement (n.)9. acquire (v.) 获得,学到 - acquisition (n.)10. act (n. ) 法令,条例;(v.)表演;行动-action (n.) active (a.) 主动的 inactive (a.) actively (adv.) activ
15、ity (n. ) 活动 -passive (a.) 被动的 -actor (n.) actress (n.)11. actual (a.) 实际的;现实的actually (adv.) = as a matter of fact12. adapt (v.) 使适应;改编 -adaptation (n.) 适应,顺应;改编,改编本-adaptable (a.) 有适应能力的adapt oneself to 适应于; adapt(for sth.) from sth. 改编13. addict (n.) 成瘾的人 -addicted (a.) addition (n.) -addictive (
16、a.) 使成瘾的;上瘾的;易令人沉溺的 be addicted to (to为介词)对上瘾14. adjust (v.) 调整,使适应 -adjustment (n.) - adjustable (a.)15. admire (v.) 钦佩,羡慕 -admiration (n.) - admirable (a.)16. admit (v.) 承认,准许 ( admitted, admitted) - admission (n.)17. adopt (v.) 收养,采用 -adoption (n.) - adopted (a.)18. advance (v.) 推进,促进;前进 (n.)前进,提
17、升advanced (a.) 先进的;高等的19. advertise (v.) 为做广告-advertisement (n.)20. advise (v.) 建议,劝告-adviser (n.) 顾问,忠告者 - advice (n.) a piece of advice21. affect (v.) 影响 - affection (n.) 影响,感情 = have an effect on22. age (n.) 年纪 - aged (a.)老年的 elderly (a.)23. agree (v.) 同意- agreement (n.) - disagree (opp)disagreem
18、ent (n.)24. amaze (v.) 惊奇, 震惊 - amazement (n.) -amazed (a.) amazed (a.) to ones amazement25. amuse (v.) 使快乐 - amusement (n.) amused (a.) - amusing (a.) to ones amusement26. analyze (v.) 分析 - analysis (n.) 35. anger (n.) 愤怒 - angry (a.)27. announce (v.) 宣布, 宣告 - announcement (n.) - announcer (n.)28.
19、annoy (v.) 使烦恼 annoyed (a.) - annoying (a.) - annoyance (n.) to ones annoyance29. anxious (a.) 忧虑的,焦急的 - anxiety (n.)30. apologize (v.) 道歉 - apology (n.) apologize to sb. for sth.; make an apology to sb. for sth.因事向某人道歉31. appear (v.) 出现 -appearance (n.)外貌,外观;出现,露面32. apply (v.) 申请 , 应用- application
20、 (n.) 申请表 - applicant (n.) 申请人- applied (a.) 应用的33. appoint (v.) 约定,任命 appointment (n.) -make an appointment 约会34. appreciate (v.) 欣赏,感激 - appreciation (n.)35. approve (v.) 批准,同意 - approval (n.) approve of赞成-(opp.) disapprove (v.) 不赞成 disapprove of36. argue (v.) 争辩,辩论argument (n.) 47. arrange (v.) 安
21、排 - arrangement (n.)37. assess (v.) 评价,估价 - assessment (n.)38. assist (v.) 帮助,协助- assistance (n.) 帮助,援助 -assistant (n.) 助手,助理39. associate (v.) 联系,交往- association (n.) - associated (a.)40. assume (v.) 假定,采取 - assumption (n.)41. astonish (v.) 使惊讶 - astonished (a.) - astonishing (a.) astonishment (n.)
22、42. attend (v.)参加,照料 - attendance (n.)出席,参加 - -attender (n.) 出席者;参加者43. attention (n) 注意,专心- attentive (a) attentively (ad v.)44. aware (a.) 知道的,明白的 - awareness (n.) be aware of45. behave (v.) 行为,守规矩 - behavior (n.)46. belief (n) 信条,信念 -(pl.) beliefs- believe (v.) - believable (a.) -(opp.) unbelieva
23、ble47. brave adj.勇敢的 -bravery n.勇敢 -coward n.懦弱的人, 胆小的人48. breath n. 呼吸, 气息 -breathe v.呼吸, 发出 -breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的49. bring vt. 拿来, 带来 -brought(分去式)-brought(过去分词)50. care n.注意, 照料, vi.关心, 顾虑, 照顾, 喜爱vt.在意 -careful(a.) -careless (a.)51. caution n.小心, 谨慎, 警告 vt.警告 -cautious adj. 小心的,谨慎的52. certain ad
24、j.确定的, 某一个-certainly adv. -certainty n. -uncertainty n.无常, 不确定53. challenge n.挑战 vt.向.挑战-challenging adj.具有挑战性的54. choice n.选择, 抉择, 精选品-choose v.选择, 选定(chose, chosen)55. collect vt. 收集-collection n. 收藏, 征收, 搜集品, 捐款-collective adj.集体的 n.集体56. comfort n.安慰, 舒适 vt.安慰 -comfortable adj.舒适的57. compete vi.
25、比赛, 竞争 -competition n.竞争, 竞赛 -competitor n.竞争者-competitive adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的;(指人)好竞争的58. conclude v.作出结论vt.推断-conclusion n. 结论59. confident adj.自信的, 确信的-confidence n.信心-confidently adv.信赖地, 安心地 60. conduct n.行为, 操行v. 组织, 实施,管理-conductor n. (乐队)指挥61. create vt.创造,产生 (syn.)-produce creative adj - -creati
26、on n. 创造,创建 -creativity n.创造力 -creator n.创造者;创作者62. crowd n. 人群 vt. 拥挤-crowded adj. 拥挤的 63. damage n&vt 毁坏,损害 -do /cause damage to (the earth) 对.造成损害 64. danger n.危险 dangerous adj. 危险的 endanger vt 使濒临危险65. dead. adj. 死的 the dead/living -death n. 死亡-deadly adj.致命的 die v. 死亡 dying adj. 垂死的,渴望的 66. dec
27、ide n.决定 decisive adj. 决定性的 decision n. make a decision67. declare vt.声明;断言 - declaration n.68. decrease/increase n&v. 减少/增加- increase/decrease to/by 20%69. defend vt. 防守,保卫 -defense in defense of 为保护某人 为辩护70. deliberate adj. deliberately adv.故意地 -on purpose71. delight n 快乐;乐事 delighted adj. be deli
28、ghted with/by/at sb/sth to ones delight 使某人高兴的是72. depend vi依赖;依靠- dependent adj. 依赖的 - independent adj.独立的73. describe vt.描述,描写 description n.74. develop v. 发展,使发达,开发 冲洗(照片)development (n) with the development of developing world/developed world develop an interest in sth develop a new product75. d
29、evote vt.把奉献于; devote oneself/ones life/ones energy/time to sth/doing sth devotion n.忠心,奉献精神 be devoted to sb 挚爱某人,对全心全意76. differ vi. - different adj.- difference n.77. difficult adj. difficulty n.困难 78. disable v.使残疾 -disabled adj.残疾的 -disability n. 79. disappear vi. 消失 (反)- appear -disappearance
30、n. (反) appearance80. disappoint vt.使失望 disappointment n. 81. discover vt.发现 discovery n. make a discovery82. discuss vt discussion n.讨论83. .distance n.距离 distant adj.远的 , 遥远的 in the distance 在远方84. distinguish v.辨别-distinction n 差别 ;名声85. distribute v.分布,分配 distribution n. 分配 distribute sth to /amon
31、g sb把分发/分配给86. disturb vt.打扰;扰乱 -disturbed adj.心神不宁的,心烦意乱的 -disturbing adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的 87. donate v.捐赠 donate sth to sb将捐给 donation n.88. educate v.教育 educator教育者 education n. -receive a good education受到良好的教育89. effect n.效果,作用 effective adj.有效果的 affect v. 影响90. elect v. election n.选举91. electricity
32、n. 电 electric adj.电的 electrical adj. 电气的-electronic adj. 电子的 92. embarrass v.使尴尬 embarrassed adj. -embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的,难为情的 -embarrassment n.93. employ v.雇佣 employer n. 雇主,老板 employee n. 雇工,雇员-employment n. 雇用,使用,职业 unemployment n. 失业94. encourage v.鼓励 - discourage vt. 使泄气 - encouragement n. 鼓励 c
33、ourage n.勇气95. energy n.精力,能量 energetic adj.精力旺盛的 be full of energy=be energetic96. enjoy vt. 欣赏,喜欢;享受之乐趣 - enjoyable adj.愉快的;有趣的 enjoyment n.享受;令人愉快的事物97. entertain v.招待,款待;使有兴趣;使快乐 entertainment n. 娱乐活动-entertaining adj. 有趣的,使人愉快的98. exhibit vt. 展览; n.展品 exhibition n.展览,展览会99. exist vi.存在 existenc
34、e n.生存,存在 -existing adj 现存的,现行的100. expect vt.预料,盼望;认为-expectation n.期望,预期 live up to your parents expectation不辜负父母的期望 have high expectation on sb.对某人有很高的期望101. expense n.消费,支出 以为代价 -expensive / costly/dear adj.昂贵的102. explain vt.解释 explanation n. 解释,说明103. explode v.使爆炸 explosion n. explosive adj.
35、爆炸的;易爆炸的104. express v. 表达;表示 -expression n.表情,表达,105. fail v. 失败;不及格;衰退 failure n. 106. fluency n.流利, 流畅, 雄辩-fluent adj. fluently adv.107. fool n. 愚人, 白痴, 莽汉, vt. 愚弄, 欺骗 -foolish adj.108. fortune n.财富, 运气, 好运, 命运-fortunate adj. -fortunately adv.- unfortunately adv.109. free adj.自由的, 免费的, 空闲的-freedo
36、m n. -freely adv.110. freeze v.(使)结冰, (使)冷冻, 冻结-(froze, frozen) -freezing adj.冰冻的, 严寒的111. frequent adj. 时常发生的, 频繁的 -frequency n.频率, 周率, 发生次数-frequently adv.112. friend n. -friendly adj.友好的, 友谊的 -friendship n.友谊, 友好113. govern v. 统治, 支配, 管理 -governor n.统治者, 管理者 -government n.政府114. gradual adj.逐渐的,
37、逐步的 -gradually adv.115. grateful adj.感激的, 感谢的 -gratitude n.感谢;感恩 (不可数)116. guide n .领路人, 导游者vt. 指导, 支配, 管理, 带领 -guidance n.指导, 领导 117. happy adj.快乐的, 幸福的-happiness n. -happily adv.118. hard adj.硬的, 坚固的adv.努力地, 辛苦地 -hardship n. 困苦, 艰难, 辛苦119. harm vt.伤害, 损害 n.伤害, 损害-harmful adj. (be harmful to)120. h
38、ealth n. 健康,卫生-(in good health)-healthy adj.121. help n.帮忙 vt.帮助, 助长-helpful adj. -helpfully adv.-helpless adj.无助的, 无能的, 没用的122. hesitate v.犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿-hesitation n.犹豫, 踌躇 -without hesitation毫不犹豫123. honest adj.诚实的, 正直的-honesty n.诚实, 正直 -dishonest adj.不诚实的124. hope n.希望, 信心v.希望, 盼望 (hoped, hoping) -h
39、opeful adj.怀有希望的, 有希望的 hopeless adj.没有希望的, 绝望的, 不可救药 -with the hope of怀着希望125. hunger n.饥饿, 欲望, 渴望 v.饥饿-hungry adj. -a hunger for kindness 渴望得到恩惠(hunger 作名词) -hunger for friends 极想有朋友(hunger作动词)126. impossible adj.不可能的 -possible adj.可能的 -possibility n.可能性, 可能发生的事物127. impress vt. 印, 盖印, 留下印象-impress
40、ion n. 印象, 感想-impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的,感人的;引人注目的128. independent adj.独立自主的, 不受约束的-independence n.独立, 自主-dependent adj. 依靠的, 依赖的-dependence n.依靠, 依赖, 信任, 信赖129. injure vt.损害, 伤害-injury n.伤害, 侮辱 injured adj. 受伤的;受损害的130. inspect vt.检查, 视察-inspection n.检查, 视察131. insure vt.给.保险-insurance n.保险, 保险单, 保险业,
41、 保险费132. intelligence n.智力, 聪明, 智能-intelligent adj.聪明的, 伶俐的, 有才智的133. invent vt.发明, 创造-invention n. inventor n.134. invite vt.邀请, 引起-invitation n. -accept decline an invitation 接受拒绝邀请135. judge n.法官, 审判员, 裁判员 vt.审理, 鉴定, 判断-judgment n.审判, 判决, 判断力136. just adj.正义的, 公正的-justice n.正义, 正当, 公平 (adv. 正好, 仅
42、仅, 刚才)137. kind n.种类, 性质adj.仁慈的, 和蔼的, 亲切的, 友爱的-kindness-kindly adv.温和地, 亲切地138. last adj 最后的 反义词first(无比较级和最高级)-lastly 最后(一点 )lasting adj 持久的,永恒的 139. laugh v. 笑,大笑-n.笑声-n. laughter burst into laughter 爆发出笑声140. laylaidlaid 摆;搁;放 lielaylain v. 平躺,卧;位于;躺下;在于; lieliedlied说谎 n 谎言,假话tell a lie lay-laid-
43、laid 放置,下蛋141. likely adj 很可能的,可期待的-. adv.或许, 很可能(多用于most, very 之后) sb. be likely to do某人很可能会做142. live adj. 活的 生动的, 精力充沛的, 实况转播的, 点燃的-lively adj.活泼的, 活跃的, 栩栩如生的, 真实的- living adj.活的, 逼真的, 现存的143. long adj. 长的, 长期的 -vi.渴望, 热望long for/ long to do -adv.长期地, 始终-length n.长度, 长, 时间的长短 -lengthen v.延长, (使)变长 -lengthened adj. 加长的144. luck n.运气,命运;好运;幸运; 吉祥物-lucky adj幸运的,好运的- luckily adv. 幸运地;幸好-unluckily 不幸地;倒霉地145. manage vi.处理, 应付过去-manager n.经理, 管理人员, 管理器-management n.经营, 管理, 处理, 操纵146. mean adj.低劣的